考研考博-英語-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

The（）colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

問題1選項

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：（）殖民主義者們設(shè)法消滅全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地區(qū)的。因此，A項aboriginal符合句意。

2.單選題

High-fructosecomsyrupiseasyforfoodandbeveragemakerstouse,andhas_______theformerleadingsweetener:sucrose,orordinarytablesugar.

問題1選項

A.edgedout

B.edgedin

C.edgedaway

D.edgedon

【答案】A

【解析】edgeout替代,擠掉;edgein擠進;edgeaway緩緩移動;edgeon慫恿,鼓勵。句意：高果糖玉米糖漿對食品和飲料生產(chǎn)商來說很容易使用,而且已經(jīng)取代了以前重要的增甜劑——蔗糖或普通的食糖。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Thatpublicfigurewasreally（）forsayingthosethingsinpublic,eventhoughpeoplecanunderstandhimandseehispointofviewonthematter.

問題1選項

A.behindthelines

B.outofline

C.offtheline

D.inhisline

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。behindthelines“在后方；繩子的背后”，outofline“不協(xié)調(diào)，違規(guī)”，offtheline“打完電話”，沒有搭配inhisline。句意：那位公眾人物在公共場合說那些話真是不合規(guī)矩，盡管人們能理解他，也能看到他對這件事情的看法。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow（）.

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

問題1選項

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

問題2選項

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

問題3選項

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

問題4選項

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

問題5選項

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項是這些組織在確定其對氣候變化的立場時沒有做過的？”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.（這些組織在氣候變化問題上的立場是一致的：科學(xué)是矛盾的，科學(xué)家是分裂的，環(huán)保主義者是騙子或瘋子，如果政府采取行動阻止全球變暖，他們將在沒有充分理由的情況下危害全球經(jīng)濟），由此可知A項“破壞環(huán)保主義者的聲譽”、B項“強調(diào)科學(xué)家之間缺乏共識”和C項“強調(diào)對全球經(jīng)濟的不必要傷害”都屬于這些組織在確定其對氣候變化的立場時的說辭，只有D項“保護科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不被濫用”沒有提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第2題:語義推測題。題干意思是“下列哪項在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.（這并不是說這些團體支持的所有科學(xué)都是bogus）可知，這句話是上文的承接句，上文最后一句話指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.（這些商業(yè)組織不喜歡的研究結(jié)果被貼上了“垃圾科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽，他們歡迎的發(fā)現(xiàn)被貼上了“可靠科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽），后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.（總的來說，他們使用的是選擇，而不是發(fā)明），由此可推測并不是這些組織支持的所有的科學(xué)都是假的，故B項“虛假的”符合題意。A項“合理的”、C項“無限制的”和D項“不一致的”都不與bogus的含義相近。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是為了表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段，第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.（總的來說，他們使用的是選擇，而不是發(fā)明；他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個相互矛盾的研究，比如對流層冷卻的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并堅持不懈地挖掘它），由此推斷，后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是為了說明這些組織出于自己的目的選擇科學(xué)研究課題，故B項“這些組織如何為他們自己的目的選擇科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。A項“這些組織與科學(xué)家的合作有多密切”，內(nèi)容不符合原文；C項“正確的數(shù)據(jù)對于科學(xué)家做出可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)是多么重要”和D項“一個人的錯誤可能會阻礙科學(xué)的進步”文章沒有提及。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“由埃克森贊助的組織……”。文章最后一句話提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.（在本應(yīng)舉行緊急國際談判的七八年關(guān)鍵時期，通過主導(dǎo)媒體有關(guān)氣候變化的辯論，通過不斷播撒對科學(xué)的懷疑，就像它應(yīng)該是最有說服力的一樣，他們已經(jīng)證明了贊助商在他們身上花費的金錢是合理的），由此可推斷，?？松澲慕M織最終還是兌現(xiàn)了他們的承諾，和公司在應(yīng)對氣候變化問題上處于一致的立場，故A項“履行了他們諾言”符合題意。B項“幾乎引起了世界范圍的混亂”和D項“誤解了主辦者的要求”沒有提到；C項“沒有達到他們原來的目標(biāo)”，內(nèi)容與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要關(guān)于……”。本文主要講在應(yīng)對全球變暖等環(huán)境問題上，大公司?？松龅囊磺写胧﹣砭S護自身經(jīng)濟利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?（多年來，一個由公民團體和科學(xué)機構(gòu)組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)一直聲稱全球變暖的科學(xué)是不確定的，但是誰資助的呢？）和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…（雖然他們這一招在美國是最有效的……），由此可以推斷，?？松梨诠驹诮鉀Q全球變暖的問題上發(fā)揮了作用，故C項“?？松谕涎尤蜃兣鉀Q方案方面的作用”符合題意。A項“?？松砣肟茖W(xué)丑聞”和D項“?？松苿痈嗫茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的努力”文中沒有提到；B項“?？松瓕夂蜃兓瘑栴}的貢獻”，文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.（為了保護自己的利潤，埃克森美孚需要散播懷疑，是否需要對氣候變化采取嚴(yán)格的行動），由此可知，埃克森美孚為了保護自己的利益，而散播謠言阻止氣候變化措施的實行，B項錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

5.單選題

Wehadn’tmetfornearly20years,butIrecognizedhim_____Isawhiminthestreet.

問題1選項

A.theminutethat

B.theminutewhen

C.atatimewhen

D.atatimethat

【答案】A

【解析】考查theminutethat句型。句意：我們將近二十年沒見過面了，但是當(dāng)我在街上遇見他的那一刻我就認(rèn)出了他。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnically（）toconstructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

問題1選項

A.practical

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】practical現(xiàn)實的,實際的；flexible靈活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好處的。句意：據(jù)越來越多的專家表示,建立首個使用太陽能的太空殖民地在技術(shù)方面是可行的。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

問題1選項

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問題2選項

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

問題3選項

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題4選項

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心靈的窗戶”是有爭議的;它們在人際交往中非常重要，這是一個事實。A選項“在表達感情和交換思想方面是極為重要的”，B選項“可以看到一個人內(nèi)心世界的東西”，C選項“在使談話變得有趣方面具有相當(dāng)重要的意義”，D選項“它的價值在很大程度上是一個長期爭論的問題”。因此，A選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一張有眼睛的真實的人臉可能不會讓人發(fā)笑，而只看到一只眼睛的側(cè)面也不會讓人發(fā)笑。A選項“正面被完全感知”，B選項“臉上戴著面具”，C選項“從側(cè)面看臉”，D選項“臉部沒有任何遮蓋物”。因此，C選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果對方?jīng)]看，說話者就會認(rèn)為對方不感興趣，就會停下來等對方繼續(xù)看他，或者終止談話。A選項“一個人暫時把目光從另一個人身上移開”，B選項“眼神交流超過一秒”，C選項“不合時宜地停止眼神接觸”，D選項“不斷調(diào)整眼神接觸”。因此，C選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”當(dāng)兩個說話的人都戴著墨鏡時，就會清楚地看到這種眼動對保持談話順暢有多么重要:談話中可能會出現(xiàn)由于打斷、錯誤的開始和不可預(yù)知的停頓而造成的語塞，A選項“不要戴黑眼鏡”，B選項“不要打岔”，C選項“不要把目光從對方身上移開”，D選項“不要出人意料地停頓”。因此，C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.

Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlayunderthesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineerhadtoknowthedepthprofileoftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.

1.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.

2.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

3.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas________.

4.“Defied”inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout________.

問題1選項

A.forbusinessconsiderations

B.forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans

C.foroceanographicstudies

D.formilitarypurposes

問題2選項

A.thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

B.thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

C.theAmericanNavy

D.someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

問題3選項

A.toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade

B.tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans

C.tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans

D.tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals

問題4選項

A.“challenged”

B.“agreedto”

C.“doubted”

D.“gaveproofto”

問題5選項

A.theInvestigationofoceandepths

B.theearlyintercontinentalcommunications

C.thebeginningsofoceanography

D.thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.（當(dāng)提出要鋪設(shè)一條從歐洲到美洲的海底電報電纜時，出于商業(yè)動機，人們第一次不得不盡可能以商業(yè)結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向來回答“海底是什么？”的問題。），可知鋪設(shè)電報電纜主要考慮的是商業(yè)上帶來的利益，根據(jù)利益來看是否要鋪設(shè)，A選項“出于商業(yè)考慮”正確，B選項“為了考查海洋的深度”和C選項“用于海洋學(xué)研究”錯誤。D選項“出于軍事目的”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.（1853年，大西洋電報公司向美國海軍的莫里尋求有關(guān)此事的信息。），可知B選項“建議鋪設(shè)海底電纜的公司”正確。A選項“靠海洋為生的人”，C選項“美國海軍”和D選項“一些早期的洲際旅行者”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.（在19世紀(jì)40年代，莫里曾負(fù)責(zé)推動進行海上航行，以此來勘測北大西洋和太平洋的深度。），可知B選項“測量兩個大洋的深度”正確。A選項“估計將要制作的電纜的長度”，C選項“在海洋中做一些聲音實驗”和D選項“收集海洋植物和動物的樣本”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。defied的意思是“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.（早期鋪設(shè)光纜的嘗試以失敗告終，當(dāng)取出光纜來維修時，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)上面覆蓋有生物，這_____了當(dāng)時科學(xué)界認(rèn)為深海沒有生命的理論。），可知之前認(rèn)為深海沒有生物，取出電纜后發(fā)現(xiàn)原來深海里有生物，讓人們開始懷疑原有理論的真實性，A選項“質(zhì)疑（質(zhì)疑事情的真實性）”正確。B選項“同意”，C選項“不相信，不信任（不確定事情是否真實并且沒有證據(jù)）”和D選項“提供證據(jù)”不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段對海洋學(xué)進行定義，第二段介紹19世紀(jì)以前對海洋學(xué)的研究情況，第三、四、五段講海洋學(xué)的由來，第六段講19世紀(jì)末人們在海洋學(xué)的初步研究成果，C選項“海洋學(xué)的起源”正確。A選項“調(diào)查海洋深度”，B選項“早期的洲際通訊”和D選項“鋪設(shè)第一條海底電纜”不足以概括全文。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Theyspeakofelectioncampaignpollsasamusicianmightofanorchestra____,orapainterofdefectivepaint.

問題1選項

A.inpace

B.outoffocus

C.instep

D.outoftune

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.inpace保持同步B.outoffocus失焦

C.instep步調(diào)一致D.outoftune走調(diào)

【考查點】句間邏輯

【解題思路】空格處所填詞是音樂家（amusician）的后置定語，而根據(jù)原句句意“他們把選舉投票說成是‘管弦樂隊中____的樂師’或‘油漆涂不好（defectivepaint）的油漆匠’”，由此可知，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與“有缺陷的（defective）”語義一致，因此，D選項outoftune“走調(diào)”符合原文語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項inpace“保持同步”，與“有缺陷的（defective）”語義不一致；

B選項outoffocus“失焦”，一般用于攝影師，不用于樂師；

C選項instep“步調(diào)一致”與“有缺陷的（defective）”語義不一致。

【句意】他們把選舉投票說成是“管弦樂隊中跑調(diào)的樂師”或“油漆有缺陷的油漆匠”。

10.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問題1選項

A.musthavedone

B.shouldhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.mayhavedone

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。musthavedone“一定已經(jīng)做了某事”；shouldhavedone“本應(yīng)該做某事”；wouldhavedone屬于對過去事實的虛擬；mayhavedone“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“nomatter不管”的對應(yīng)知“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”符合語境，故D項“mayhavedone”正確。

11.單選題

They______onacurefortuberculouswhiletheyweredoingresearchonsomethingelse.

問題1選項

A.foundered

B.stumbled

C.fumbled

D.tripped

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.foundered破產(chǎn)，沉沒B.stumbled蹣跚而行

C.fumbled笨手笨腳地做D.tripped將……絆倒

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由賓語acurefortuberculous（治療肺結(jié)核）可知，“發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合語境，而stumbleon為固定搭配，表示“意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項都不與on搭配；

D選項tripon表示“在……上失誤”，不符合句意。

【句意】他們在研究其他東西的時候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種治療肺結(jié)核的方法。

12.單選題

Thecharactersofchildreninthisfictionwereserious,conscientious,self-reflective,andindependenttestimonytothecontinuinginfluenceoftheearlierAmericanmoralistictraditioninchildren’sbooks.

問題1選項

A.inspirationfor

B.evidenceof

C.requirementfor

D.developmentof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項inspirationfor“對……的啟示，對……的靈感”，B項evidenceof“……的證據(jù)”，C項requirementfor“需要”，D項developmentof“……的發(fā)展”。句意：這部小說中的兒童角色嚴(yán)肅、認(rèn)真、自我反思，是早期美國道德傳統(tǒng)影響兒童書籍的證明。testimonyto在句中表示“……的證明”。因此，該題選擇B項。

13.單選題

（）hehasenoughmoneytobuyahouse,itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodo,asisoftenthecasewithhim.

問題1選項

A.Seeingthat

B.Providedthat

C.Grantedthat

D.Consideringthat

【答案】C

【解析】辨析題。Seeingthat鑒于,

由于因為；Providedthat如果,

倘若,

條件是；Grantedthat即使；Consideringthat考慮到,

就...而論。句意：即使他有足夠的錢來買這棟房子,

這也不意味著他就要去買,

這對他來說是常事。選項C符合句意。

14.單選題

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

問題1選項

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

問題2選項

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

問題3選項

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

問題4選項

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

問題5選項

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

問題6選項

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

問題7選項

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”獵人和他的家人經(jīng)常幾天吃不到肉,說明這些動物都躲著獵人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,飼養(yǎng)植物和馴養(yǎng)動物的啟示是人類文明的重要步驟之一,并沒有說明人類進入了文明社會,所以選項D不正確；農(nóng)業(yè)本身并沒有創(chuàng)造文明,但是如果沒有農(nóng)業(yè),人類不可能在一個地方定居足夠長的時間來建立一個永久的家園。也就是說,有了農(nóng)業(yè),人不必再過游牧生活。選項A正確。

3.根據(jù)原文可知,選項B在文中沒有提及；選項C和D是文中已知的信息；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知,人們從他們的經(jīng)驗中掌握了種植農(nóng)作物的方法。所以選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”當(dāng)某一地區(qū)的野味和植物供應(yīng)被耗盡時,整個部落被迫遷移到一個新的、有希望成為更好的地區(qū)。選項C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人類學(xué)家不確定人類何時或如何學(xué)會耕種。他們認(rèn)為這可能是偶然觀察的結(jié)果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜測,所以選項B正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項D符合原文。

15.單選題

Difficultasitis,Englishstudyisinthelongrun（）toalearnerinhisorhercareerdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.rewarding

B.advantageous

C.profitable

D.earning

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。rewarding“有益的,值得的,有報酬的”;advantageous“有利的,有益的”;profitable“有利可圖的,賺錢的”;earning“收入,所賺的錢”。盡管英語學(xué)習(xí)很困難,但從長遠(yuǎn)來看,它對于學(xué)習(xí)者的職業(yè)發(fā)展來說是值得的。選項A符合語境。

16.單選題

Theschoolauthority（

）professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

問題1選項

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ensure“確保，保證”；B選項assured“使確信；弄清”；C選項insure“確保，保證；給……保險”；沒有sured這個詞。缺謂語動詞，由主語Theschoolauthority“學(xué)校當(dāng)局”和professorWatson和thathewouldgetonemillionin5years的關(guān)系可知assured“使（某人）確信（某事）”符合題意，句意為：校方向沃森教授保證，他將在5年內(nèi)獲得100萬。故答案選B。

17.單選題

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutits