考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

The（）colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：（）殖民主義者們?cè)O(shè)法消滅全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地區(qū)的。因此，A項(xiàng)aboriginal符合句意。

2.單選題

High-fructosecomsyrupiseasyforfoodandbeveragemakerstouse,andhas_______theformerleadingsweetener:sucrose,orordinarytablesugar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.edgedout

B.edgedin

C.edgedaway

D.edgedon

【答案】A

【解析】edgeout替代,擠掉;edgein擠進(jìn);edgeaway緩緩移動(dòng);edgeon慫恿,鼓勵(lì)。句意：高果糖玉米糖漿對(duì)食品和飲料生產(chǎn)商來(lái)說(shuō)很容易使用,而且已經(jīng)取代了以前重要的增甜劑——蔗糖或普通的食糖。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Thatpublicfigurewasreally（）forsayingthosethingsinpublic,eventhoughpeoplecanunderstandhimandseehispointofviewonthematter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.behindthelines

B.outofline

C.offtheline

D.inhisline

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。behindthelines“在后方；繩子的背后”，outofline“不協(xié)調(diào)，違規(guī)”，offtheline“打完電話(huà)”，沒(méi)有搭配inhisline。句意：那位公眾人物在公共場(chǎng)合說(shuō)那些話(huà)真是不合規(guī)矩，盡管人們能理解他，也能看到他對(duì)這件事情的看法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對(duì)流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow（）.

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項(xiàng)是這些組織在確定其對(duì)氣候變化的立場(chǎng)時(shí)沒(méi)有做過(guò)的？”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.（這些組織在氣候變化問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)是一致的：科學(xué)是矛盾的，科學(xué)家是分裂的，環(huán)保主義者是騙子或瘋子，如果政府采取行動(dòng)阻止全球變暖，他們將在沒(méi)有充分理由的情況下危害全球經(jīng)濟(jì)），由此可知A項(xiàng)“破壞環(huán)保主義者的聲譽(yù)”、B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)家之間缺乏共識(shí)”和C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的不必要傷害”都屬于這些組織在確定其對(duì)氣候變化的立場(chǎng)時(shí)的說(shuō)辭，只有D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不被濫用”沒(méi)有提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.（這并不是說(shuō)這些團(tuán)體支持的所有科學(xué)都是bogus）可知，這句話(huà)是上文的承接句，上文最后一句話(huà)指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.（這些商業(yè)組織不喜歡的研究結(jié)果被貼上了“垃圾科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽，他們歡迎的發(fā)現(xiàn)被貼上了“可靠科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽），后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.（總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他們使用的是選擇，而不是發(fā)明），由此可推測(cè)并不是這些組織支持的所有的科學(xué)都是假的，故B項(xiàng)“虛假的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“合理的”、C項(xiàng)“無(wú)限制的”和D項(xiàng)“不一致的”都不與bogus的含義相近。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是為了表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段，第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對(duì)流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.（總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他們使用的是選擇，而不是發(fā)明；他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)相互矛盾的研究，比如對(duì)流層冷卻的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并堅(jiān)持不懈地挖掘它），由此推斷，后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是為了說(shuō)明這些組織出于自己的目的選擇科學(xué)研究課題，故B項(xiàng)“這些組織如何為他們自己的目的選擇科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“這些組織與科學(xué)家的合作有多密切”，內(nèi)容不符合原文；C項(xiàng)“正確的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)于科學(xué)家做出可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)是多么重要”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)阻礙科學(xué)的進(jìn)步”文章沒(méi)有提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“由?？松澲慕M織……”。文章最后一句話(huà)提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.（在本應(yīng)舉行緊急國(guó)際談判的七八年關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，通過(guò)主導(dǎo)媒體有關(guān)氣候變化的辯論，通過(guò)不斷播撒對(duì)科學(xué)的懷疑，就像它應(yīng)該是最有說(shuō)服力的一樣，他們已經(jīng)證明了贊助商在他們身上花費(fèi)的金錢(qián)是合理的），由此可推斷，?？松澲慕M織最終還是兌現(xiàn)了他們的承諾，和公司在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化問(wèn)題上處于一致的立場(chǎng)，故A項(xiàng)“履行了他們諾言”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“幾乎引起了世界范圍的混亂”和D項(xiàng)“誤解了主辦者的要求”沒(méi)有提到；C項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有達(dá)到他們?cè)瓉?lái)的目標(biāo)”，內(nèi)容與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要關(guān)于……”。本文主要講在應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖等環(huán)境問(wèn)題上，大公司?？松龅囊磺写胧﹣?lái)維護(hù)自身經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?（多年來(lái)，一個(gè)由公民團(tuán)體和科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)一直聲稱(chēng)全球變暖的科學(xué)是不確定的，但是誰(shuí)資助的呢？）和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…（雖然他們這一招在美國(guó)是最有效的……），由此可以推斷，?？松梨诠驹诮鉀Q全球變暖的問(wèn)題上發(fā)揮了作用，故C項(xiàng)“?？松谕涎尤蜃兣鉀Q方案方面的作用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“?？松砣肟茖W(xué)丑聞”和D項(xiàng)“?？松苿?dòng)更多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的努力”文中沒(méi)有提到；B項(xiàng)“?？松瓕?duì)氣候變化問(wèn)題的貢獻(xiàn)”，文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.（為了保護(hù)自己的利潤(rùn)，?？松梨谛枰⒉岩桑欠裥枰獙?duì)氣候變化采取嚴(yán)格的行動(dòng)），由此可知，埃克森美孚為了保護(hù)自己的利益，而散播謠言阻止氣候變化措施的實(shí)行，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Wehadn’tmetfornearly20years,butIrecognizedhim_____Isawhiminthestreet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theminutethat

B.theminutewhen

C.atatimewhen

D.atatimethat

【答案】A

【解析】考查theminutethat句型。句意：我們將近二十年沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面了，但是當(dāng)我在街上遇見(jiàn)他的那一刻我就認(rèn)出了他。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnically（）toconstructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.practical

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】practical現(xiàn)實(shí)的,實(shí)際的；flexible靈活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好處的。句意：據(jù)越來(lái)越多的專(zhuān)家表示,建立首個(gè)使用太陽(yáng)能的太空殖民地在技術(shù)方面是可行的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心靈的窗戶(hù)”是有爭(zhēng)議的;它們?cè)谌穗H交往中非常重要，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“在表達(dá)感情和交換思想方面是極為重要的”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到一個(gè)人內(nèi)心世界的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“在使談話(huà)變得有趣方面具有相當(dāng)重要的意義”，D選項(xiàng)“它的價(jià)值在很大程度上是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一張有眼睛的真實(shí)的人臉可能不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑，而只看到一只眼睛的側(cè)面也不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑。A選項(xiàng)“正面被完全感知”，B選項(xiàng)“臉上戴著面具”，C選項(xiàng)“從側(cè)面看臉”，D選項(xiàng)“臉部沒(méi)有任何遮蓋物”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果對(duì)方?jīng)]看，說(shuō)話(huà)者就會(huì)認(rèn)為對(duì)方不感興趣，就會(huì)停下來(lái)等對(duì)方繼續(xù)看他，或者終止談話(huà)。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人暫時(shí)把目光從另一個(gè)人身上移開(kāi)”，B選項(xiàng)“眼神交流超過(guò)一秒”，C選項(xiàng)“不合時(shí)宜地停止眼神接觸”，D選項(xiàng)“不斷調(diào)整眼神接觸”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”當(dāng)兩個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)的人都戴著墨鏡時(shí)，就會(huì)清楚地看到這種眼動(dòng)對(duì)保持談話(huà)順暢有多么重要:談話(huà)中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)由于打斷、錯(cuò)誤的開(kāi)始和不可預(yù)知的停頓而造成的語(yǔ)塞，A選項(xiàng)“不要戴黑眼鏡”，B選項(xiàng)“不要打岔”，C選項(xiàng)“不要把目光從對(duì)方身上移開(kāi)”，D選項(xiàng)“不要出人意料地停頓”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.

Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlayunderthesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineerhadtoknowthedepthprofileoftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.

1.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.

2.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

3.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas________.

4.“Defied”inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbusinessconsiderations

B.forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans

C.foroceanographicstudies

D.formilitarypurposes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

B.thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

C.theAmericanNavy

D.someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade

B.tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans

C.tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans

D.tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“challenged”

B.“agreedto”

C.“doubted”

D.“gaveproofto”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theInvestigationofoceandepths

B.theearlyintercontinentalcommunications

C.thebeginningsofoceanography

D.thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.（當(dāng)提出要鋪設(shè)一條從歐洲到美洲的海底電報(bào)電纜時(shí)，出于商業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)，人們第一次不得不盡可能以商業(yè)結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向來(lái)回答“海底是什么？”的問(wèn)題。），可知鋪設(shè)電報(bào)電纜主要考慮的是商業(yè)上帶來(lái)的利益，根據(jù)利益來(lái)看是否要鋪設(shè)，A選項(xiàng)“出于商業(yè)考慮”正確，B選項(xiàng)“為了考查海洋的深度”和C選項(xiàng)“用于海洋學(xué)研究”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“出于軍事目的”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.（1853年，大西洋電報(bào)公司向美國(guó)海軍的莫里尋求有關(guān)此事的信息。），可知B選項(xiàng)“建議鋪設(shè)海底電纜的公司”正確。A選項(xiàng)“靠海洋為生的人”，C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)海軍”和D選項(xiàng)“一些早期的洲際旅行者”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.（在19世紀(jì)40年代，莫里曾負(fù)責(zé)推動(dòng)進(jìn)行海上航行，以此來(lái)勘測(cè)北大西洋和太平洋的深度。），可知B選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量?jī)蓚€(gè)大洋的深度”正確。A選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)將要制作的電纜的長(zhǎng)度”，C選項(xiàng)“在海洋中做一些聲音實(shí)驗(yàn)”和D選項(xiàng)“收集海洋植物和動(dòng)物的樣本”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。defied的意思是“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.（早期鋪設(shè)光纜的嘗試以失敗告終，當(dāng)取出光纜來(lái)維修時(shí)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)上面覆蓋有生物，這_____了當(dāng)時(shí)科學(xué)界認(rèn)為深海沒(méi)有生命的理論。），可知之前認(rèn)為深海沒(méi)有生物，取出電纜后發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)深海里有生物，讓人們開(kāi)始懷疑原有理論的真實(shí)性，A選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑（質(zhì)疑事情的真實(shí)性）”正確。B選項(xiàng)“同意”，C選項(xiàng)“不相信，不信任（不確定事情是否真實(shí)并且沒(méi)有證據(jù)）”和D選項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù)”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段對(duì)海洋學(xué)進(jìn)行定義，第二段介紹19世紀(jì)以前對(duì)海洋學(xué)的研究情況，第三、四、五段講海洋學(xué)的由來(lái)，第六段講19世紀(jì)末人們?cè)诤Ｑ髮W(xué)的初步研究成果，C選項(xiàng)“海洋學(xué)的起源”正確。A選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查海洋深度”，B選項(xiàng)“早期的洲際通訊”和D選項(xiàng)“鋪設(shè)第一條海底電纜”不足以概括全文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theyspeakofelectioncampaignpollsasamusicianmightofanorchestra____,orapainterofdefectivepaint.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inpace

B.outoffocus

C.instep

D.outoftune

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inpace保持同步B.outoffocus失焦

C.instep步調(diào)一致D.outoftune走調(diào)

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】空格處所填詞是音樂(lè)家（amusician）的后置定語(yǔ)，而根據(jù)原句句意“他們把選舉投票說(shuō)成是‘管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)中____的樂(lè)師’或‘油漆涂不好（defectivepaint）的油漆匠’”，由此可知，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與“有缺陷的（defective）”語(yǔ)義一致，因此，D選項(xiàng)outoftune“走調(diào)”符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)inpace“保持同步”，與“有缺陷的（defective）”語(yǔ)義不一致；

B選項(xiàng)outoffocus“失焦”，一般用于攝影師，不用于樂(lè)師；

C選項(xiàng)instep“步調(diào)一致”與“有缺陷的（defective）”語(yǔ)義不一致。

【句意】他們把選舉投票說(shuō)成是“管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)中跑調(diào)的樂(lè)師”或“油漆有缺陷的油漆匠”。

10.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavedone

B.shouldhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.mayhavedone

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。musthavedone“一定已經(jīng)做了某事”；shouldhavedone“本應(yīng)該做某事”；wouldhavedone屬于對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬；mayhavedone“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“nomatter不管”的對(duì)應(yīng)知“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”符合語(yǔ)境，故D項(xiàng)“mayhavedone”正確。

11.單選題

They______onacurefortuberculouswhiletheyweredoingresearchonsomethingelse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foundered

B.stumbled

C.fumbled

D.tripped

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.foundered破產(chǎn)，沉沒(méi)B.stumbled蹣跚而行

C.fumbled笨手笨腳地做D.tripped將……絆倒

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由賓語(yǔ)acurefortuberculous（治療肺結(jié)核）可知，“發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合語(yǔ)境，而stumbleon為固定搭配，表示“意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)都不與on搭配；

D選項(xiàng)tripon表示“在……上失誤”，不符合句意。

【句意】他們?cè)谘芯科渌麞|西的時(shí)候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種治療肺結(jié)核的方法。

12.單選題

Thecharactersofchildreninthisfictionwereserious,conscientious,self-reflective,andindependenttestimonytothecontinuinginfluenceoftheearlierAmericanmoralistictraditioninchildren’sbooks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspirationfor

B.evidenceof

C.requirementfor

D.developmentof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inspirationfor“對(duì)……的啟示，對(duì)……的靈感”，B項(xiàng)evidenceof“……的證據(jù)”，C項(xiàng)requirementfor“需要”，D項(xiàng)developmentof“……的發(fā)展”。句意：這部小說(shuō)中的兒童角色嚴(yán)肅、認(rèn)真、自我反思，是早期美國(guó)道德傳統(tǒng)影響兒童書(shū)籍的證明。testimonyto在句中表示“……的證明”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

（）hehasenoughmoneytobuyahouse,itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodo,asisoftenthecasewithhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Seeingthat

B.Providedthat

C.Grantedthat

D.Consideringthat

【答案】C

【解析】辨析題。Seeingthat鑒于,

由于因?yàn)?；Providedthat如果,

倘若,

條件是；Grantedthat即使；Consideringthat考慮到,

就...而論。句意：即使他有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)買(mǎi)這棟房子,

這也不意味著他就要去買(mǎi),

這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是常事。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”獵人和他的家人經(jīng)常幾天吃不到肉,說(shuō)明這些動(dòng)物都躲著獵人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,飼養(yǎng)植物和馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的啟示是人類(lèi)文明的重要步驟之一,并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明人類(lèi)進(jìn)入了文明社會(huì),所以選項(xiàng)D不正確；農(nóng)業(yè)本身并沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造文明,但是如果沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè),人類(lèi)不可能在一個(gè)地方定居足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)建立一個(gè)永久的家園。也就是說(shuō),有了農(nóng)業(yè),人不必再過(guò)游牧生活。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)原文可知,選項(xiàng)B在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)C和D是文中已知的信息；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知,人們從他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中掌握了種植農(nóng)作物的方法。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類(lèi)停止了動(dòng)物般的存在,開(kāi)始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”當(dāng)某一地區(qū)的野味和植物供應(yīng)被耗盡時(shí),整個(gè)部落被迫遷移到一個(gè)新的、有希望成為更好的地區(qū)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人類(lèi)學(xué)家不確定人類(lèi)何時(shí)或如何學(xué)會(huì)耕種。他們認(rèn)為這可能是偶然觀(guān)察的結(jié)果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜測(cè),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類(lèi)停止了動(dòng)物般的存在,開(kāi)始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

15.單選題

Difficultasitis,Englishstudyisinthelongrun（）toalearnerinhisorhercareerdevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rewarding

B.advantageous

C.profitable

D.earning

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。rewarding“有益的,值得的,有報(bào)酬的”;advantageous“有利的,有益的”;profitable“有利可圖的,賺錢(qián)的”;earning“收入,所賺的錢(qián)”。盡管英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)很困難,但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,它對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)者的職業(yè)發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō)是值得的。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

16.單選題

Theschoolauthority（

）professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“確保，保證”；B選項(xiàng)assured“使確信；弄清”；C選項(xiàng)insure“確保，保證；給……保險(xiǎn)”；沒(méi)有sured這個(gè)詞。缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由主語(yǔ)Theschoolauthority“學(xué)校當(dāng)局”和professorWatson和thathewouldgetonemillionin5years的關(guān)系可知assured“使（某人）確信（某事）”符合題意，句意為：校方向沃森教授保證，他將在5年內(nèi)獲得100萬(wàn)。故答案選B。

17.單選題

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutits