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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津美術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Awell-writtencomposition______goodchoiceofwordsandclearorganizationamongotherthings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)callon“訪問(wèn),拜訪;號(hào)召,請(qǐng)求”;B選項(xiàng)callfor“要求;需要;提倡;邀請(qǐng);為……叫喊;前往接某人”;C選項(xiàng)callup“打電話給;使想起;提出”;D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消;叫走;放棄;宣告終止”。句意:一篇寫(xiě)得好的作文,除其他外,還要求選詞得當(dāng),條理清晰。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim歡呼,喝彩,稱(chēng)贊;attest證明;ratify批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;consider考慮。句意:他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多萬(wàn)人的歡迎,其中大多數(shù)人都受到了真誠(chéng)的鼓舞。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Depressed,overworkedand______bythosepeoplewhomheowedmoneyto,hedecidedtoputanendtohisproblems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bewitched

B.bewildered

C.besmirched

D.beset

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bewitched“(使)鬼迷心竅;(使)著迷,陶醉”;B選項(xiàng)bewildered“使迷惑,使不知所措”;C選項(xiàng)besmirched“弄臟;誹謗,玷污”;D選項(xiàng)beset“困擾;鑲嵌;圍繞”。句意:他情緒低落,工作過(guò)度,被那些欠他錢(qián)的人所困擾,他決定做個(gè)了結(jié)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas()inashortperiodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingcreated

B.tohavebeencreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.tobecreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:我們的現(xiàn)代文明不應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。根據(jù)civilization被create確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),根據(jù)create的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),C選項(xiàng)havingbeencreated符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex(

)periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。transition"過(guò)渡”;transaction“交易;事務(wù)”;transmission“傳動(dòng)裝置,傳送;transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換;改革;變形”。句意:退休很明顯是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)渡期,你越早計(jì)劃,越好。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to

(2)

greatextent,

(3)

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

(5)

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

(6)

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

(7)

thatheisprobablyascapable

(8)doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

(9)

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

(10)

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

(11)

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

(12)

racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

(13)

thestrengthandovercomethe

(14)

thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour

(15)

,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.

(16)

wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe

(17)

insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening

(18)

kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto

(19)

yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your

(20),yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.improvement

B.victory

C.failure

D.achievement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C.som

D.certain

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.of

D.to

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.Of

C.From

D.Out

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.convinced

B.imagined

C.understood

D.dreamed

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.sure

C.uncertain

D.surely

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.understanding

B.subject

C.idea

D.belief

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.at

C.of

D.for

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.risks

B.makes

C.reduces

D.possesses

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.prerequisite

B.educational

C.manual

D.basic

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.Having

B.Holding

C.Lacking

D.Loosing

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.read

B.think

C.write

D.add

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.difficulty

B.weakness

C.strength

D.advantage

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.fortune

B.development

C.luck

D.loan

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Since

C.Over

D.Out

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.calculating

B.moving

C.drilling

D.dealing

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.typing

B.working

C.learning

D.emailing

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.examine

B.throw

C.calculate

D.value

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】(1)考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處的Successor46與后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses(優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì))相對(duì)應(yīng),success(成功)對(duì)應(yīng)的詞是failure(失敗),因此選C。

(2)考查固定搭配。toagreatextent為固定搭配,意為“很大程度上,非常”。

(3)考查固定搭配。此處可將“toagreatextent”看作一個(gè)插入語(yǔ),dependon為固定搭配,意為“依賴,依靠”。

(4)考查介詞辨析。of與名詞連用,表示具有某種性質(zhì),狀態(tài),位于句首,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篩ourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.(beof+名詞)

(5)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convince意為“使確信,使相信”;imagine意為“想象,設(shè)想”;understand意為“理解”;dream意為“夢(mèng)想”。此處表示“如果一個(gè)人剛開(kāi)始工作的人就確信自己不會(huì)喜歡……”。

(6)考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語(yǔ)he,besurethat后面加從句,此處表示“或肯定不適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)工作”。

(7)考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief為固定搭配,意為“相信”。

(8)考查固定搭配。capableofdoing為固定搭配,意為“有能力做某事,能夠做某事”。

(9)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。risk意為“危險(xiǎn),冒險(xiǎn)”;make意為“做”;reduce意為“減少”;possess意為“擁有,具有”。

(10)考查形容詞辨析。prerequisite意為“先決條件,前提”;educational意為“教育的”;意為“手工的,體力的”;basic意為“基本的”。此處表示“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)”。

(11)考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前句的“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知此處表示“____這些技能顯然是一個(gè)弱勢(shì)”,having(擁有)與lacking(缺少)相對(duì)應(yīng),因此選C。

(12)考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處列舉一些職業(yè)需要相對(duì)應(yīng)的技能,因此主語(yǔ)bookkeeper(記賬人,簿記員)需要會(huì)運(yùn)算相關(guān)方面的能力,因此選D,add意為“加法”。

(13)考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物”。

(14)考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“利用優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知此處表示“克服缺點(diǎn)”,因此選B。

(15)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“你必須首先評(píng)估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境”可知此處表示“但為了你的發(fā)展”更符合語(yǔ)意,因此選B,development意為“發(fā)展,進(jìn)步”。

(16)考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,需要有連詞連接,over與out不是連詞,since作連詞,意為“從……以后,由于,既然”,as作連詞,意為“隨著,由于”,此處表示“隨著更深入的閱讀”,因此選A。

(17)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。calculate意為“計(jì)算”;move意為“移動(dòng),搬動(dòng)”;drill意為“訓(xùn)練,演習(xí)”;deal意為“處理,涉及,論述”。此處表示“我們將更詳細(xì)論述發(fā)展和加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)技能的具體過(guò)程”,因此選D。

(18)考查動(dòng)詞關(guān)系。此處表示“學(xué)習(xí)技能”,因此選C。

(19)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow(你必須首先評(píng)估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境)可知此處表示“檢測(cè)你現(xiàn)在的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)”,因此選A,examine意為“檢查,調(diào)查”。

(20)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此處選C,與文章前面的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

7.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenfineart.MaximeBocher,eminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningoflastcentury,wrote,“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.

“Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.”

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmustshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii(半徑),chords,sectors,tangents(切線),diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegusto(愛(ài)好,興趣)ashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,norevenparalleled,andIwouldmakeboldtosay,notevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse.

Inmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.First,letusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverse.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,sayShelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththineheirtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwanderourcity,andsea,andland;touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerornarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbers,forexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathataisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoets’symbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.

2.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numericalskills.

B.Creation.

C.Imagination.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.numberstosignifybeauty

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.poemsasakindofsymbols

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)和藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)之間的相似之處是____。

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworldA.兩者都受外部世界的控制

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworldB.兩者都類(lèi)似于世界的感覺(jué)

C.botharenotfancifulbutrealC.兩者都不是幻想的,而是真實(shí)的

D.bothinvolveconstantcreatingD.兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞similarity和theactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartists定位到原文第1段第4句,后半句提到“數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)(theactivityofthemathematician),雖然不受外部感官世界的控制,卻需要不斷地創(chuàng)造(constantlycreating),這與藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)(totheactivitiesoftheartist),比如說(shuō)畫(huà)家的活動(dòng),有相似之處(bearsaresemblance),我相信這不是幻想的,而是真實(shí)的?!庇纱丝芍瑪?shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)和藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)之間的相似之處在于兩者都需要不斷創(chuàng)造。因此,D選項(xiàng)“兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“兩者都受外部世界的控制”,原文提到數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)“不受外部感官世界的控制(notcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses)”,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤;

B選項(xiàng)“兩者都類(lèi)似于世界的感覺(jué)”,原文只提到了“外部感官世界(theexternalworldofthesenses)”,并沒(méi)有提到所謂“世界的感覺(jué)(thesensesoftheworld)”,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念;

C選項(xiàng)“兩者都不是幻想的,而是真實(shí)的”,原文作者是說(shuō)數(shù)學(xué)家與藝術(shù)家之間的相似性不是幻想的而是真實(shí)的,并不是說(shuō)數(shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?在作者看來(lái),成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家最重要的要素是什么?

A.Numericalskills.A.數(shù)學(xué)技巧。

B.Creation.B.創(chuàng)造力。

C.Imagination.C.想象力。

D.Senseofbeauty.D.美感。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞makesagoodartistormathematician定位到原文第2段。本段最后一句提到“還有一些更微妙的品質(zhì),其中最主要的就是想象力(chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination),這些品質(zhì)有助于成為優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家(themakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician)?!庇纱丝芍?,作者認(rèn)為成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或畫(huà)家,最重要的是C選項(xiàng)“想象力”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)技巧”,可定位到原文第2段第1句,該句提到“然而,這些品質(zhì),盡管是最基本的,卻不能使一個(gè)畫(huà)家或數(shù)學(xué)家名符其實(shí),它們也不是最重要的因素。”由此可知,上一段提到的品質(zhì),如一些技巧(acertainamountofskill)和精確的推理能力(thepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint),并不能使他們被稱(chēng)之為好的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家。該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力”,原文并未提及;

D選項(xiàng)“美感”,原文并未提及。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?數(shù)學(xué)家是怎樣和詩(shī)人一樣展現(xiàn)美的?

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.A.數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式。

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.B.數(shù)學(xué)家們?cè)敢獠贿z余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅。

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.C.數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式安排得對(duì)稱(chēng)。

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.D.數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫(xiě)成韻文。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞exhibitthesameelementsofbeauty定位到原文第5段第一句,該句提到“在許多方面,數(shù)學(xué)展現(xiàn)出的美與一般公認(rèn)的詩(shī)歌的本質(zhì)相同(exhibitsthesameelementsofbeauty)?!钡?句后半句提到“詩(shī)人把他的作品按韻文排列在書(shū)頁(yè)上”,第3句提到“他的詩(shī)在進(jìn)入耳朵或思想之前,首先是視覺(jué)的(appealstotheeye)”;緊接著提到“類(lèi)似地(similarly),數(shù)學(xué)家排列他的公式和方程式(linesuphisformulasandequations),以便它們的形式可以產(chǎn)生美學(xué)印象(sothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression)。”由此可知,詩(shī)人把他的作品按韻文排列在書(shū)頁(yè)上,產(chǎn)生視覺(jué)上的美感,而數(shù)學(xué)家也通過(guò)排列公式和方程式產(chǎn)生同樣的美感,A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們?cè)敢獠贿z余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅”,原文沒(méi)有提到“證明(proofs)”,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式排列得對(duì)稱(chēng)”,原文沒(méi)有提到“對(duì)稱(chēng)(symmetry)”,但是提到了數(shù)學(xué)家會(huì)排列他們的公式和方程式,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫(xiě)成韻文”,原文是說(shuō)詩(shī)人會(huì)把他們寫(xiě)的作品按韻文排列,而數(shù)學(xué)家也會(huì)排列他們的公式和方程式,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.詩(shī)歌優(yōu)于其他表達(dá)形式,因?yàn)樗腳___。

A.unusualdictionA.不尋常的措辭

B.imaginativeexpressionB.富有想象力的表達(dá)

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwordsC.象征、詞語(yǔ)的凝練和簡(jiǎn)潔

D.condensationandimaginativedictionD.凝練和富有想象力的措辭

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Poetry和superiortootherforms定位到原文第6段第1句,該句提到“詩(shī)歌相對(duì)于其他語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的優(yōu)勢(shì),首先在于詩(shī)歌中使用的象征主義(firstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry),其次在于文字的極端濃縮和精簡(jiǎn)(extremecondensationandeconomyofwords)?!庇纱丝芍珻選項(xiàng)“象征、詞語(yǔ)的凝練和簡(jiǎn)潔”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“不尋常的措辭”、B選項(xiàng)“富有想象力的表達(dá)”、D選項(xiàng)“凝練和富有想象力的措辭”,均不符合原文表述,屬于無(wú)中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.就像詩(shī)人一樣,數(shù)學(xué)家也會(huì)____。

A.numberstosignifybeautyA.使用數(shù)字代表美麗

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparisonB.為了比較而使用的符號(hào)

C.poemsasakindpfsymbolsC.使用詩(shī)歌作為一種象征

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentrationD.為了凝練和集中而使用符號(hào)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Justlikepoets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“數(shù)學(xué)家所做的事情和詩(shī)人所做的完全一樣?!北径巫詈笠痪涮岬健斑@些符號(hào),就像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)一樣(mathematicalsymbols),也像詩(shī)人的符號(hào)一樣(likethepoets’symbols),是一種凝練的、集中的方式(acondensed,concentratedwayof),用來(lái)表述由簡(jiǎn)單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系組成的長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)鏈。”由此可知,數(shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家都會(huì)使用符號(hào),因?yàn)檫@是一種凝練而集中的表達(dá)方式,D選項(xiàng)“為了凝練和集中而使用符號(hào)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“使用數(shù)字代表美麗”,這不是數(shù)學(xué)家與詩(shī)人相同的地方,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“為了比較而使用的符號(hào)”,數(shù)學(xué)家使用符合不是為了比較,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“使用詩(shī)歌作為一種象征”,數(shù)學(xué)家不是用詩(shī)歌來(lái)表示象征,而是使用字母(inalgebrathataisanumber),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

8.單選題

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefactsstatedinthepassage?

4.TheworkofMesseandCallahan-Levytendstosupportwhichofthefollowingnotions?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generallylowersalariesreceivedbywomenworkersincomparisontomen

B.reluctanceofsomewomentoenterprofessionsthataretraditionallydominatedbymen

C.anxietyexpressedbysomewomenworkersindealingwithmalesupervisors

D.prejudicesoftensufferedbywomeninattemptingtoentertheworkforce

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsuggestsaneedtodiscardmethodsusedinearlierexperiments.

B.Ittendstoweakentheassumptionsonwhichearlierexperimentsweredesigned.

C.Itsuggeststhattheproblemrevealedinearlierexperimentsmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

D.Ithelpstoexplainaphenomenonrevealedinearlierexperiments

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mentendtopaythemselvesmorethantheypayothermenforthesamework.

B.Womentendtopaymenmorethantheypayotherwomenforthesamework.

C.Mentendtopaywomenlessthantheypayothermenforthesamework.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenaregenerallylessconcernedwithfinancialrewardsfortheirworkthanmenare.

B.Menarewillingtopaywomenmorethanwomenarewillingtopaythemselves.

C.Paymentforworkshouldgenerallybedirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthework.

D.Womenjudgetheirownworkmorecruciallythantheyjudgetheworkofmen.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotalwaysreliabletomeasurewomen’sabilitybyhowmuchtheyearn

B.womenwouldratherattachimportancetosacrificesthanaskforrepaymentfortheirwork

C.womentendtoassesstheirabilityofworkbytheirownself-worthratherthanmonetaryvalues

D.womengenerallyremainindifferenttohowmuchmoneytheyshouldobtainfromtheirwork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations(Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn),以檢驗(yàn)為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說(shuō)),可知實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了驗(yàn)證女性工資普遍較低的相關(guān)話題,A選項(xiàng)“與男性相比,女性員工的工資普遍較低”正確。B選項(xiàng)“一些女性不愿意進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)”,C選項(xiàng)“一些女性員工在與男性主管打交道時(shí)表現(xiàn)出焦慮”和D選項(xiàng)“在試圖進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)時(shí),女性經(jīng)常遭受偏見(jiàn)”:文中沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Pastexperimentshadshownthat…Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.(過(guò)去的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明……在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn),以檢驗(yàn)為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說(shuō)),結(jié)合第三段第一句asinearlierexperiments…Theyalsofoundthat…(與之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)一樣……他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)……),可知Messe和Callahan-Levy的實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了解釋之前實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象的原因,結(jié)果與之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如出一轍,并且有進(jìn)一步的發(fā)現(xiàn),可以為先前的實(shí)驗(yàn)提供進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)珼選項(xiàng)“有助于解釋在之前實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表明有必要拋棄在之前實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的方法”:文中沒(méi)有提到早期實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法以及對(duì)此的看法,屬于無(wú)中生有。B選項(xiàng)“傾向于削弱之前實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)所依據(jù)的假設(shè)”:其結(jié)果印證了之前的假設(shè),屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“表明早期實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示的問(wèn)題可能比以前認(rèn)為的更廣泛”:文中沒(méi)有提到在早期實(shí)驗(yàn)之前的觀點(diǎn),屬于無(wú)中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作,男性付給自己的報(bào)酬往往比別人的多”:文中沒(méi)有對(duì)比男性給自己的和給其他人的金錢(qián)差異,屬于無(wú)中生有。B選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作,女性往往付給男性的錢(qián)比給其他女性的多”:根據(jù)第三段第一二句thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves…womenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.(女性給自己的報(bào)酬低于男性給自己的報(bào)酬……女性給自己的報(bào)酬低于其他女性,也低于男性給女性的報(bào)酬),文中沒(méi)有對(duì)比女性給其他女性和男性的報(bào)酬,屬于無(wú)中生有。C選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作,男性付給女性的錢(qián)往往比給其他男性的少”:文中沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”:A、B、C選項(xiàng)都不正確,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thewomenpaidthemselves…lessthanthemenpaidthewomen(女性付給自己的錢(qián)比男性付給女性的少),可知男性付給女性的報(bào)酬比女性給自己的報(bào)酬高,B選項(xiàng)“男性愿意支付給女性的薪水要高于女性愿意支付給自己的薪水”正確。A選項(xiàng)“與男性相比,女性一般不太關(guān)心工作的經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)酬”:根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirwork(女性對(duì)其工作相對(duì)較低的金錢(qián)價(jià)值依戀),可知女性沒(méi)有男性那么渴望較高的報(bào)酬,但不代表女性不關(guān)心自己得到的報(bào)酬是多少,屬于推理過(guò)度。C選項(xiàng)“工作報(bào)酬一般應(yīng)與工作質(zhì)量直接相關(guān)”和D選項(xiàng)“女性評(píng)判自己的工作比男性的工作更重要”:文中沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability(女性對(duì)其工作相對(duì)較低的金錢(qián)價(jià)值依戀,不能完全基于她們對(duì)自己能力的判斷),可知女性不那么追求高報(bào)酬,并不是因?yàn)槟芰Φ?,A選項(xiàng)“用收入多少來(lái)衡量女性的能力并不總是可靠的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“婦女寧愿重視犧牲,也不愿要求對(duì)她們工作的回報(bào)”和D選項(xiàng)“女性通常對(duì)她們應(yīng)該從工作中獲得多少錢(qián)漠不關(guān)心”:雖然女性沒(méi)有要求那么高的報(bào)酬,但不至于對(duì)錢(qián)漠不關(guān)心,愿意做出巨大的犧牲,屬于推理過(guò)度。C選項(xiàng)“女性傾向于通過(guò)自我價(jià)值而不是金錢(qián)價(jià)值來(lái)評(píng)估自己的工作能力”:文中沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句子主語(yǔ)是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等詞,后面的表語(yǔ)從句中要用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。這里should可以省略,句意為,對(duì)于碩士學(xué)位的要求之一是:學(xué)生應(yīng)該通過(guò)論文答辯。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),B最符合題意。

10.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.(

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.(

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.(

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.(

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarea

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