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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,bothpartnershaveincreasedtheirmoney().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.bytwothousandmore
B.bytwothousand
C.fortwothousandmore
D.fortwothousand
【答案】B
【解析】語法題。increaseby為固定搭配,
意為増加了...。句意:由于初始投資資金只有一萬美元,
合作雙方將他們的投資金額増加了兩千美元。根據(jù)句意可知沒有比較的意思,
所以不用more。選項(xiàng)B正確。
2.單選題
Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess()whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.intermsof
B.incaseof
C.infavorof
D.inviewof
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù),在…方面;incaseof以免;infavorof有利于,支持;inviewof鑒于,考慮到。句意:從談判的過程中,你期待能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情的方面,了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過程提供了重要的視角。空格后的內(nèi)容是談判的一方面,故A項(xiàng)正確。
3.翻譯題
1.根據(jù)牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn),白光是所有可見光疊加而成的。這就是加色概念的典型例子。例如去掉藍(lán)色色調(diào),白光就會變?yōu)辄S色,還有其他例子等等。然而當(dāng)把顏料的所有顏色混合,我們會得到黑色,這就是典型的減色理論,黑色代表所有顏色都存在。加色是透射光的領(lǐng)域的概念,減色是色素、染料和化學(xué)品的領(lǐng)域的概念。
2.但是我們對創(chuàng)新的追求究竟是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)什么呢?創(chuàng)新就是一種重要的新產(chǎn)品或者新程序,或者是一項(xiàng)制度,能夠在實(shí)際生活中大范圍的應(yīng)用,對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會有著革命性的意義,就是以更低成本實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的工作效益。遺憾的是我們現(xiàn)在幾乎把一切事情都用創(chuàng)新來形容,因?yàn)椴皇撬袆?chuàng)新都能給社會財(cái)富的増長和生活的改善提供一個長久的平臺。
3.睡眠問題研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),總的來說,大多數(shù)人都是隨著年齡的增加,睡眠問題卻越來越少,上了年紀(jì)的人反而對失眠有更好的承受力。睡眠模式的大多改變都發(fā)生在20歲到60歲之間。那些經(jīng)歷著睡眠問題的人,應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生才好。因?yàn)樗麄兘?jīng)歷的問題也許是某種生病的跡象,也許是一些藥物的副作用。
ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored
【答案】1.AccordingtoNewton,whitelightissuperimposedbyallthepartsofthevisiblespectrum.Thisisatypicalexampleofadditivecolorconcept.Forexample,takeawaythebluehues,andawhitelightwillbecomeyellow,andsoon.However,whenwecombineeverycolorofpaints,wewillgetblack.Thatissubtractivecolortheory,inwhichblackrepresentsthepresenceofallcolors.Addictivecoloristherealmoftransmittedlight,whilesubtractivecoloristherealmofpigments,dyesandchemicals.
2.Butwhatshouldourpursuitofinnovationactuallyaccomplish?Innovationisanimportantnewproduct,newprocess,orperhapsaregulation.Itcanbeappliedonalargescaleinreallife,whichhasasignificantimpactoneconomyandsociety,andthatmeanslowercostforhigherbenefit.Regrettably,wenowuse“innovation”todescribealmostanything,becausenotallinnovationscancreatealong-lastingplatformfortherisingofsocialwealthandtheimprovingoflife.
3.Sleepingproblemresearchersfoundthat,tosumup,mostpeoplehadfewersleepingproblemsastheygrewolder,andolderpeoplehadabettertoleranceforsleepdeprivation.Mostchangesinsleeppatternsoccurredbetweentheagesof20and60.Thosepeoplewhoexperiencesleepingproblemsthatmaybesignsofillnessorsideeffectsofmedicationshouldseeadoctor.
4.單選題
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalheathchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedialknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.
Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalheathchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.
1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause().
2.To“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans().
3.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause().
4.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto().
5.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoiceshouldbebasedon().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.personalheathchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses
B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge
C.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety
D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.to“l(fā)iveaninactivelife”
B.to“l(fā)iveadecentlife”
C.to“l(fā)ivealifewithcompletefreedom”
D.to“l(fā)ivealifeofvice”
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficient
B.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions
C.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflife
D.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.improvingthequalityofone’slife
B.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoice
C.deliberatelyendingone’slife
D.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.personaldecisions
B.society’slaws
C.statisticalevidence
D.friends’opinions
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“personalchoice”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalheathchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedialknowledge.(如果個人根據(jù)目前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識做出正確的個人健康選擇,估計(jì)90%的疾病是可以預(yù)防的。),也就是說不正確的個人健康選擇可能會導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生。所以D選項(xiàng)“錯誤的決定可能會導(dǎo)致健康狀況不佳”正確。A選項(xiàng)“個人健康選擇有助于治療大多數(shù)疾病”,文章說的是預(yù)防大多數(shù)疾病,而不是治療,所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“有助于提高我們的醫(yī)學(xué)知識水平”,文章說的是只需根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學(xué)知識做出個人健康選擇,而這樣不會提高醫(yī)學(xué)知識水平,所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“對美國社會的個人自由至關(guān)重要”表述正確,但與題目的問題不相關(guān),所以C錯誤。
2.詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“sedentarylife-style”可以定位到文章第一段第五句Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.(如果我們愿意,我們可以抽煙、酗酒、拒絕系安全帶、想吃什么就吃什么,過一種完全久坐不運(yùn)動的生活方式。),可以得知這種生活方式是久坐不運(yùn)動的。所以A選項(xiàng)“過著不活動的生活”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“過著體面的生活”,C選項(xiàng)“過著完全自由的生活”和D選項(xiàng)“過著罪惡的生活”均不能形容久坐不運(yùn)動的生活方式,所B,C,D錯誤。
3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第一段第二句Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalheathchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedialknowledge.(如果個人根據(jù)目前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識做出正確的個人健康選擇,估計(jì)90%的疾病是可以預(yù)防的。),說明現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學(xué)知識是足夠的,所以A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學(xué)知識仍然不足”錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“很少有人愿意用生命的質(zhì)量來換取生命的數(shù)量”在原文中沒有提及,所以C選項(xiàng)不符合題意。由D選項(xiàng)可以定位到第一段最后一句Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.(例如,青少年可能知道吸煙和健康的相關(guān)事實(shí),但可能會迫于朋友的壓力,相信這是社會公認(rèn)的事情。),舉例說明了朋友的影響是其中一個原因,但不夠全面,所以D選項(xiàng)“人們通常會受到朋友行為的影響”不符合題意。由B選項(xiàng)可以定位到第二段第一句Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors(許多因素,包括遺傳因素和環(huán)境因素,影響健康相關(guān)行為的發(fā)展),說明個人健康選擇是受多方面的因素影響的,所以B選項(xiàng)“有許多因素影響著我們的決定”正確。
4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“knowinglyallowoneself”可以定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.(明知某一行為在統(tǒng)計(jì)上有縮短壽命的可能,而故意沉溺于這種行為,無異于企圖自殺。),意思是明知某種行為不健康還要去做,相當(dāng)于自殺,所以C選項(xiàng)“故意結(jié)束自己的生命”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提高一個人的生活質(zhì)量”,追求不健康的習(xí)慣不能提高生活質(zhì)量,所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“限制個人健康選擇”,故意沉溺于不健康的行為正是個人選擇的體現(xiàn),而不是限制個人選擇,所以B錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“違反社會行為規(guī)則”文中沒有提及,所以D錯誤。
5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“FriesandCrapo”可以定位到文章第二段,第二段中最后一句personalheathchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.(個人健康選擇應(yīng)該反映出那些在統(tǒng)計(jì)上有可能增加活力和長壽的行為。),說明個人健康選擇應(yīng)該基于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上的數(shù)據(jù)。所以C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)證據(jù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“個人決定”,個人的選擇是有健康的也有不健康的,所以不能依據(jù)個人的決定來,A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“社會的法律”在文中沒有提及,所以B錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“朋友的意見”,文章介紹了因?yàn)榕笥训囊庖娮龀鲥e誤健康選擇的例子,所以不能依據(jù)朋友的意見,D錯誤。
5.單選題
Tomakethebestandthemostefficientuseofyourtimeandtoachieveyourgoals,starteachdayby(
)youragenda.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.holdingon
B.makingout
C.keepingon
D.takingdown
【答案】D
【解析】詞組辨析題。holdon等一下,繼續(xù);makeout理解,辨認(rèn)出,設(shè)法應(yīng)付;keepon繼續(xù);takedown記下。句意:為了最大限度、最有效地利用你的時間并實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo),你需要開始每天記錄你的日程。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
6.單選題
Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineveryoneexcept____?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ingredients
B.elements
C.components
D.compounds
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.ingredients(烹飪的)原料B.elements要素
C.components組成部分D.compounds混合物
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析
【解題思路】原句語義為“為什么素食餐廳除了____以外,所有的菜都像肉?”根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)的意思推測,這句話指的是素食餐廳的菜除了原料都像肉,A選項(xiàng)ingredients“(烹飪的)原料”最符合原句語義銜接。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)elements“要素”,側(cè)重于指某物的必要部分或基礎(chǔ)部分;
C選項(xiàng)components“組成部分”,泛指某物的組成部分;
D選項(xiàng)compounds“混合物”,指由兩種或兩種以上元素組成的物質(zhì)。
【句意】為什么素食餐廳除了原料以外,所有的菜都像肉?
7.單選題
Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’s()toobtainalicense.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sanction
B.warrant
C.magnate
D.affirmation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。sanction“制裁;認(rèn)可;支持”;warrant“證明;擔(dān)?!?;magnate“巨頭;資本家”;affirmation“主張;斷言”,根據(jù)句意可知在未到法定婚齡的時候結(jié)婚需要有父母的擔(dān)保,這符合邏輯。句意:在那個國家,在法定婚齡前結(jié)婚的人必須要在父母的……下才能拿到證。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。
8.單選題
Thesunisnotgrowingweaker,yetitslightappearstobedimming.Between1960and1990,somescientistsbelieve,theamountofsolarradiationreachingEarth’ssurfacemayhavedeclinedasmuchas10%—andinsomeplaces,HongKong,forexample,morethan35%.
Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck,saysVeerabhadranRamanthan,anatmosphericscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,thenthefullimpactofthebuildupofgreenhousegaseshasyettobefelt.Thisweek,attheAmericanGeophysicalUnionmeetinginMontreal,Ramanathanandotherswillbepresentingthelatestdataonthesolar-dimmingproblemandponderingitsimplicationsfortheclimatesystemasawhole.
Manyscenariosforglobalwarming,forexample,invokeaspeedupinthehydrologicalcyclebywhichwaterevaporatesandthencomesdownasrain.Thecoolingproducedbysolardimming,however,mayslowtherateofevaporation,whilehigherupintheatmospherethepollutantsresponsibleforabsorbingandreflectingsunlightarelikelytointerferewiththeprocessthatproducesrain.
Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.
Manyquestionsremain,includingthetrueextentofthedimming.Oneanalysispegstheaverageworldwidedarkeningtobeabout4%overthreedecades,whileanothercomputesittobemorethantwicethatmuch.TherearealsoquestionsaboutthereliabilityofthedevicesthatmeasurethesunlightreachingEarth’ssurface.Knownasradiometers,theseinstrumentsarenothingmorethanflat,blacksolarcollectorscappedwithglass.Theyaresometimesfinicky:asmudgeofdirtoraspeckofdustcancausebogusreadingsandchangethecalculatedresults.
Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.AsRamanthanputsit,“It’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”—anditcouldturnouttobeaverybiggorillaindeed.
1.Bytug-of-war,(line4,Paragraph2),theauthormeans(
).
2.Howdothescientistsfeelaboutthecurrentclimatesituation?
3.Whenmentioning“it’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”(Line4,Paragraph6),theauthorimpliesthat(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingcannotserveasfactorofcausingthecoolingsurfaceoftheplanet?
5.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothetext?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thedifferenteffectofsolardimmingandglobalwarming
B.theimpactofthesolardimmingontheclimatesystem
C.theinfluenceofthesolardimmingontheglobalwarming
D.theinteractionbetweenthesolardimmingandglobalwarming
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Serious
B.Optimistic
C.Carefree
D.Panicked
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.scientistshouldhaveacloselookatthesolardimmingproblem
B.wearefacinganewproblemwhichisverycomplicatedanddifficulttomanage
C.wearejustbeginningtohaveresearchonthisnewfield
D.thenewsolardimmingproblemisbeyondscientists’abilitytotackle
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thelackoftherainintheplanet.
B.Theincreasingofthepollutants.
C.Theformingoftheclouddroplets.
D.Thelessweightoftheclouddroplets.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theinstrumentsusedinthestudyaretoosimpletofunctionwell.
B.Livingthingsintheearthwillbegreatlyinfluencedbysolardimming.
C.Thereisstillalongwaytogointhestudyofsolardimming.
D.Thefindingsthatthesolardimminghasinfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetaredoubtful.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.詞義題。由第二段“Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.發(fā)生了什么事?在這30年里,空氣污染的加劇——尤其是在亞洲——在云層增加的幫助下,可能對地球表面產(chǎn)生了降溫的影響,而二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體卻在促使大氣變暖。這種拉鋸戰(zhàn)對氣候系統(tǒng)的影響可能極其難以理清?!笨芍猼ug-of-war指全球變暖以及云層增加導(dǎo)致地面降溫,太陽變暗的相互作用。故D項(xiàng)正確。
2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck…與此同時,沒有比這更緊迫的任務(wù)了。因?yàn)槿绻蛭廴局L了全球變暖的話……?!笨芍茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為當(dāng)前的氣候形勢是十分嚴(yán)峻的。故A項(xiàng)正確。
3.推理判斷題。通讀最后一段“Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.換句話說,太陽變暗仍然是一個仍在界定過程中的問題,隨著它的范圍變得更清楚,世界所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的性質(zhì)也將更清楚。盡管科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)對全球變暖做了很多思考,但他們剛剛開始解決全球變暖和太陽變暗如何相互作用的問題?!笨芍栕儼颠@個問題,科學(xué)家們還才剛剛開始研究,還有很多東西需要了解。最后以Ramanthan的話結(jié)尾,那么結(jié)尾語應(yīng)該與上文呼應(yīng),即太陽變暗這個問題,還才開始,比較難以處理。故B項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。通讀第四段“Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.為什么?這些污染物以被稱為氣溶膠的微小空氣微粒的形式存在,它們充當(dāng)云滴形成的核心。問題是,大氣中有太多的懸浮顆粒在爭奪水分子,所以形成的云滴太小,永遠(yuǎn)不會重到足以落到地面。哥倫比亞大學(xué)拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測站的大氣物理學(xué)家貝亞特?利佩特說,這樣一來,大氣層就會充滿水分,而地球表面卻渴望雨水?!笨芍狝項(xiàng)“地球缺少雨水”是結(jié)果,而非原因。B項(xiàng)“污染物的增加”,C項(xiàng)“云滴的形成”,D項(xiàng)“云滴的重量較輕”都是導(dǎo)致地球大氣層溫度低的原因。
5.推理判斷題。本文最后一段提到對于太陽變暗這個問題??茖W(xué)家的研究還才剛開始,還有很多東西不了解,故C項(xiàng)“在太陽變暗這個問題的研究上還有很長的路要走”正確。
9.單選題
WhenIwentintothediningroomthenextmorning,the(
)ofthedinnerwerestillonthetable.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.remains
B.relies
C.remnants
D.surplus
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。remain“遺跡,剩余物”;rely“依靠”;remnant“剩余”;surplus“剩余;順差”。句意:當(dāng)我第二天早上去餐廳時,昨天晚餐剩下的東西還在桌上。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
10.單選題
Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou______cold.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldn’thavecaught
B.wouldn’tcatch
C.can’tcatch
D.can’thavecaught
【答案】A
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。otherwise表示“否則,要不然”時,其后的句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此處是對過去的虛擬,故空格處用過去完成時。句意:你沒有多穿衣服,否則就不會感冒了。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin(
)tohisincome.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.comparison
B.proportion
C.association
D.calculation
【答案】B
【解析】短語辨析。句意:與收入相比,他在假期旅行和奢侈品上的開銷太高了。
comparison比較,常用于by/incomparisonwith與...相比較;inproportionto與...成比例;與…相比;association聯(lián)系,合伙,常用于inassociationwith與..聯(lián)系;與…合伙;calculation計(jì)算。因此B項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Theyfailedthistime,butIwould______aguessthattheywilldofairlywellinthenextelection.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pursue
B.hazard
C.illustrate
D.crave
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pursue“繼續(xù),從事,追趕”,B項(xiàng)hazard“大膽猜測,冒……的危險(xiǎn)”,C項(xiàng)illustrate“闡明,舉例說明,圖解”,D項(xiàng)crave“渴望,懇求”。由空格后的guess“猜測”可知,B項(xiàng)符合語境。句意:他們這次失敗了,但我敢打賭他們在下次選舉中會表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)好。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
13.填空題
Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprisewhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.
A
B
C
D
【答案】Awhich改為where或forwhich
【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】從句。
【解題思路】itisdifficulttolaydownrules是修飾enterprise的定語從句,enterprise表示地點(diǎn),所以可以用where引導(dǎo)。結(jié)合固定句型Itisdifficultforsb.todosth.,此題為forenterprise,在這里forwhich相當(dāng)于where。
【句意】家庭是合作式企業(yè),很難制定規(guī)則,因?yàn)槊總€家庭都需要找到適合自己的辦法來解決屬于自己的問題。
14.單選題
Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof(
),environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.heredity
B.heir
C.heritage
D.supplement
【答案】A
【解析】名詞辨析題。heredity“遺傳,遺傳性”;heir“繼承人,后嗣”;heritage“遺產(chǎn),傳統(tǒng),繼承權(quán)”;supplement“補(bǔ)充,補(bǔ)充物,附錄”。根據(jù)句意‘我的第二個聲稱關(guān)于個人差異。由于(
)、環(huán)境及它們之間的相互作用,我們中沒有兩個人以恰好同樣的比例顯示同樣的智力?!_定A選項(xiàng)heredity“遺傳,遺傳性”的正確。
15.單選題
Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which______increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inturn
B.bychance
C.byfortune
D.incase
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“inturn”意為“反過來;轉(zhuǎn)而;輪流”;B選項(xiàng)“bychance”意為“偶然;意外地”;C選項(xiàng)“byfortune”意為“由于幸運(yùn)”;D選項(xiàng)“incase”意為“萬一;假使”。句意:壓力大的環(huán)境會導(dǎo)致不健康的行為,如不良的飲食習(xí)慣,而這些行為反過來增加了患高血壓和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由題干可知,unhealthybehaviors(不健康的行為)是由壓力大的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的,但它反過來又導(dǎo)致了highbloodpressureandheartdisease(高血壓和心臟?。?。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
16.單選題
Hewasabrilliantmusicianasaboy,buthenever(
)hisearlypromise.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.completed
B.performed
C.concluded
D.fulfilled
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complete“完成,結(jié)束,使完整”;B選項(xiàng)perform“表演,執(zhí)行”;C選項(xiàng)conclude“推斷出,得出結(jié)論,(使)結(jié)束”;D選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行(諾言等),執(zhí)行”。根據(jù)promise(承諾)可知選D。句意:他小時候是一位才華橫溢的音樂家,但他從來沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)過早期的諾言。
17.單選題
Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto(
)theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.refreshing
B.restoring
C.renovating
D.renewing
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。refreshing意為“使恢復(fù)精神,提醒”;restoring意為“修復(fù),整修”,強(qiáng)調(diào)恢復(fù)原貌,一般指被毀壞的藝術(shù)品或建筑物;renovating意為“翻新,修復(fù)”,一般整修舊建筑物;renewing意為“重新開始,重申”。
句意:大量的工作已投入恢復(fù)大教堂以前的輝煌。
18.單選題
Couldyoupossibly()meatthenextcommitteemeeting?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.comeupwith
B.makeupfor
C.doawaywith
D.standinfor
【答案】D
【解析】考查短語。comeupwith“提出,想出”;makeupfor“補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)”;doawaywith“廢除,去掉”;standinfor“代替”。將四個選項(xiàng)代入空格處只有選項(xiàng)D符合。
19.單選題
Memberstateshadtheopinionto()fromthisagreementswithoneyear'snotice.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.deny
B.object
C.suspect
D.withdraw
【答案】D
【解析】句意:成員國有權(quán)在一年的觀察期內(nèi)退出該協(xié)議。
考查動詞辨析。deny否定;object反對;suspect猜疑;withdraw撤回,不再給予,取錢。因此D符合句意。
20.單選題
Somuchdataindicatetheworld’sprogresstowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs),asetoftargetsadoptedbyworldleadersattheUNmorethantenyearsago.Butthegoal-settingexercisehasfurtherpitfalls.Toooften,thegoalsarereducedtoworkingouthowmuchmoneyisneededtomeetaparticulartarget.Yetthecountriesthathavemademostprogressincuttingpovertyhavelargelydonesonotbyspendingpublicmoney,butbyencouragingfastereconomicgrowth.AsShantaDevarajan,theWorldBank’schiefeconomistforAfrica,pointsout,growthdoesnotjustmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending.Italsoincreasesthedemandforsuchthingsasschooling,andthushelpsmeetotherdevelopmentgoals.Yetthegoals,asdrawnup,madenomentionofeconomicgrowth.
Ofcoursegrowthbyitselfdoesnotsolvealltheproblemsofthepoor.Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.Forinstances,campaignersoftenaskformoretobespentonprimaryeducation.Butthroughoutthedevelopingworldteachersonthepublicpayrollareoftenabsentfromschool.Teacher-absenteeismratesarearound20%inruralKenya,27%inUgandaand14%inEcuador.
Inanycase,moneythatisallocatedforsuchservicesrarelyreachesitsintendedrecipients.Astudyfoundthat70%ofthemoneyallocatedfordrugsandsuppliesbytheUgandagovernmentin2000waslost;inGhana,80%wassiphonedoff.Moneyneedstobespent,therefore,notmerelyonbuildingmoreschoolsorhiringmoreteachers,butongettingthemtodowhattheyarepaidfor,andpreventingresourcesfromdisappearingsomewherebetweenthecentralgovernmentandtheirsupposeddestination.
Thegoodnewsisthatpolicyexperimentscarriedoutbygovernments,NGOs,academicsandinternationalinstitutionsareslowlybuildingupabodyofevidenceaboutmethodsthatwork.Alarge-scaleevaluationinAndhraPradeshinsouthernIndiawasshown,forexample,thatperformancepayforteachersisthreetimesaseffectiveatraisingpupil’stestscoresastheequivalentamountspentonschoolsupplies.
AndinUgandathegovernment,appalledthatmoneymeantforschoolswasnotreachingthem,tooktopublicizinghowmuchwasbeingallotted,usingradioandnewspaper.Moneywastagewasdramaticallyreduced.TheWorldBankhopestobringsuchinnovationstothenoticeofothergovernmentsduringthesummit,ifitcan.Forifthedriveagainstpovertysucceed,itwillowemoretosuchideasandwiderusethantotargetssetatUN-sponsoredsummits.
26.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmeritscan’twederivefromeconomicgrowth?
27.Teacher-absenteeismiscitedasexample________.
28.Accordingtotheauthor,weshould________whendealingwithallocatedmoney.
29.Onwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Itincreasesotherdemandssuchaseducation.
B.ItmayhelpthegovernmenttofulfillMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.
C.Fastergrowthwillliftthepooroutofpoverty.
D.Economicgrowthmaysolvesomeproblemsofthepoor.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.tocallforgovernmentsapplyperformancepaytoteachers
B.tounderlinetheimportanceofmoneyshouldbespentonwhereitisneeded
C.tostatethattheallocatedmoneyshouldgetstaffstodowhattheyarepaidfor
D.toshowthatAfricancountrieshavealongwaytogobeforereachingtheUN’sgoalposts
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.avoidtheleakageofmoney
B.givetheanti-povertyplansthepriority
C.promoteeducationtoahigherlevel
D.improvepublicinfrastructurefirst
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Economicgrowthdoesnotmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending.
B.MoneyleakageisabigproblemthatAfricaencounters.
C.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsmayinvolveeachcountry’sGDPgrowth.
D.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalshavecometobeseenasapplyingtoeachdevelopingcountry.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theWorldBankplaysanimportantroleinhelpingUgandafixmoneyleakage
B.moneyleakageisrampantlyflourishinginUganda
C.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsmayhavefailedinliftingthepooroutofpoverty
D.innovativeideasshouldcomebeforetargetssetbyUN
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句Ofcoursegrowthbyitselfdoesnotsolvealltheproblemsofthepoor.Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.(當(dāng)然,增長本身并不能解決窮人的所有問題。同樣明顯的是,雖然錢有幫助,但如何花,花在什么地方非常重要。),可知經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對于脫貧有幫助,但是不能根治,C選項(xiàng)“更快的增長將使貧困人口擺脫貧困”不符合文章意思,所以正確,錢在脫貧上有幫助,D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能解決窮人的一些問題”符合文章意思,故錯誤。A選項(xiàng)“增加了其他需求,如教育”:根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Italsoincreasesthedemandforsuchthingsasschooling(它還增加了對教育等方面的需求),可知符合文章意思,故錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“可能有助于政府實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)”:根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句Somuchdataindicatetheworld’sprogresstowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)…Toooften,thegoalsarereducedtoworkingouthowmuchmoneyisneededtomeetaparticulartarget.(如此多的數(shù)據(jù)表明,世界在實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)(MDGs)方面取得了進(jìn)展……通常,目標(biāo)被簡化為計(jì)算需要多少錢來達(dá)到一個特定的目標(biāo)。),可知符合文章意思,故錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.(同樣明顯的是,雖然錢有幫助,但如何花,花在什么地方非常重要。),這是這段的主要論點(diǎn),老師缺勤的例子是為了證明如何花錢很重要,所以B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)錢應(yīng)該花在需要的地方的重要性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“要求政府對教師實(shí)行績效工資”,C選項(xiàng)“說明拿了相應(yīng)的工資就要做相應(yīng)的工作”和D選項(xiàng)“表明非洲國家在達(dá)到聯(lián)合國的目標(biāo)之前還有很長的路要走”:不是這一段表達(dá)的重點(diǎn),故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
28.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Moneyneedstobespent,therefore,notmerelyonbuildingmoreschoolsorhiringmoreteachers,butongettingthemtodowhattheyarepaidfor,andpreventingresourcesfromdisappearingsomewherebetweenthecentralgovernmentandtheirsupposeddestination.(因此,資金不應(yīng)該僅僅花在建設(shè)更多的學(xué)校或雇傭更多的教師上,而應(yīng)該花在讓他們做他們該做的事情上,防止資源在中央政府和他們預(yù)期的目的地之間消失。),可知作者認(rèn)為最應(yīng)該做的是讓金錢去到該去的地方發(fā)揮作用,所以A選項(xiàng)“不讓錢流失(被挪用)”正確,C選項(xiàng)“提高教育水平”不是花錢的主要方向,故錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先考慮脫貧計(jì)劃”:在這里范圍太廣不符合題意,故錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先建設(shè)公共設(shè)施”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
29.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Astudyfoundthat70%ofthemoneyallocatedfordrugsandsuppliesbytheUgandagovernmentin2000waslost;inGhana,80%wassiphonedoff.(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),2000年烏干達(dá)政府分配給藥品和供應(yīng)品的資金有70%不見了;而在加納,80%的資金被挪用。),可知非洲國家的資金流失現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,所以B選項(xiàng)“資金流失是非洲遇到的一個大問題”符合文章意思,正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有使更多的錢用于社會支出”:根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句growthdoesnotjustmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending(經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不僅僅是為社會支出提供了更多資金),可知不符合文章意思,故錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)可能涉及每個國家的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長”和D選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)已被視為適用于每個發(fā)展中國家”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句TheWorldBankhopestobringsuchinnovationstothenoticeofothergovernmentsduringthesummit,ifitcan.Forifthedriveagai
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