考研考博-英語-寧夏幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

_____thewall,wedecidedthatweshouldneedthreetinsofpaint.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Makingup

B.Doingup

C.Puttingup

D.Sizingup

【答案】D

【解析】makeup組成，化妝，編造；doup整理，修繕，使精疲力盡；putup提供，舉起，提高；sizeup估計(jì)……的大小。句意：從墻的大小估計(jì),我們應(yīng)該需要三罐油漆。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Paroleisusuallygrantedtoprisonersasarewardforgoodconduct.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidto

B.ignoredby

C.givento

D.requestedby

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。grantto表示“授予，允許”；A項(xiàng)payto“付款給”，B項(xiàng)ignoreby“忽視，駁回訴訟”，C項(xiàng)giveto“給予，提供”，D項(xiàng)requestby“請求，需要”。句意：假釋通常作為獎勵給予表現(xiàn)良好的囚犯。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

3.填空題

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded（1）itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood（2）

,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers（3

）

unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell（4）

morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe（5）

hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers

（6）

wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe（7）

bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many（8）

bloggerssoonobjected-notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe（9）

rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept

（10）giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)空格前的loaded（裝載）與空格后的operatingsystem（操作系統(tǒng)）可知此處用介詞with構(gòu)成固定搭配loadwith（裝載某物）。

試題答案：with

2.考查上下文語義。as?well?as常用來連接兩個并列的成分，意為“也，還”，根據(jù)空格前的generatedcontroversy（引起爭議）aswellas可知此處填goodwill（善意）。

試題答案：will

3.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbribery可知此處填of與前面的ofbribery形成對應(yīng)。

試題答案：of

4.考查介詞搭配。sellfor表示“賣（多少錢）”。

試題答案：for

5.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers（已經(jīng)向博客寄出了大約90臺電腦）可推測主語為微軟公司，用“thecompany”指代微軟公司。

試題答案：company

6.考查關(guān)系代詞?？崭袂暗腷loggers為先行詞，表示人，且在從句中作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。

試題答案：who

7.考查上下文語義。短文第一段提到“最近微軟公司贈送昂貴的裝載有自身新的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)的筆記本電腦”可推測“微軟公司送裝載有自身新的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)的筆記本電腦的目的是了解該新的操作系統(tǒng)所帶來的影響”，再由空格前的be和空格后的by，可知動詞被動形式，填affected。

試題答案：affected

8.考查不定代詞。根據(jù)空格前ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachines（不過當(dāng)微軟公司電腦寄送名單上那些人最初熱心地歡迎這些電腦吋）和空格后many...bloggerssoonobjected（很多……博客使用者很快就反對這些電腦的贈送）可推測此處是其他人的態(tài)度。

試題答案：other

9.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)becausebloggersareboundbythe...rulesastraditionaljournalists（因?yàn)椴┛褪艿健?guī)則的約束，如同傳統(tǒng)的記者）可推測博客也像記者一樣受到同樣的規(guī)則制約，故填same。

試題答案：same

10.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)第四題可知每臺電腦的價格以超過2200美元賣出，可推出此處表示“昂貴的禮物”，故填expensive。

試題答案：expensive

4.單選題

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意為“我的童年吋期沒有冰箱，但我還是吃得不錯而且吃得很健康”之后的部分講到雖然沒有冰箱但也沒有出現(xiàn)食物浪費(fèi)和食物腐爛的情況，由此可知第二段的首句話是為了說明雖然那時候沒有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即選項(xiàng)A。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都來，雜貨商、屠夫、面包師和賣冰淇淋的人—周來送貨兩到三次。肉可以從星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶將變成各種各樣的小點(diǎn)心。任何東西都不會被浪費(fèi)，而且我們從不會為了腐爛的食物而煩惱。因此可知在冰箱發(fā)明之前不會有東西的浪費(fèi)是因?yàn)槿藗冋莆樟擞行У氖Ｓ嗍澄锏姆椒?故選D。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出:冰箱的發(fā)明對食物的保存并沒有起到太多的作用，在冰箱發(fā)明之前已經(jīng)有像自然冷卻、鹽腌等多種食物保存方法。冰箱的發(fā)明正在促進(jìn)的是電力、軟飲料、動物死尸的銷量并且在后文中作者還講到了冰箱對生活環(huán)境造成的影響，故可以推斷出在作者看來對于冰箱的發(fā)明，最沒有受益的就是消費(fèi)者。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:冰箱對環(huán)境的影響一直都是顯著的，而它帶給人類的幸福卻是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己試試看，做一個存放食物的櫥柜，下個冬天關(guān)掉你的冰箱。你或許吃不到漢堡，但是至少能擺脫那可怕的噪音。故選A“不斷產(chǎn)生噪聲”。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章中作者提到童年時期沒有冰箱，但是還是吃得不錯而且很健康，并且當(dāng)時食物也儲存的很好，不會造成浪費(fèi)。最后兩段中,作者認(rèn)為世界上絕大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它們的熱帶地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是在那些富有氣候溫和的國家出現(xiàn)，這些國家?guī)缀醪恍枰帽??？梢钥闯鲎髡邔τ诒涫桥行缘摹?/p>

5.單選題

Americanshaveaprofoundlongingforheroes-nowperhapsmorethanever.Onsomelevel,westill（）themythofthemaninthewhitehat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.succeedto

B.subscribeto

C.succeedagainst

D.subsideinto

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。succeedto“繼承，接著發(fā)生”；subscribeto“同意，贊成”；succeedagainst“成功應(yīng)對”；subsideinto“逐漸衰退”。句意：美國人對英雄有一種深厚的渴望-現(xiàn)在活著比以往更加渴望。在某種程度上，我們?nèi)匀幌嘈糯靼酌弊尤说纳裨?。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adduce

B.suspension

C.bay

D.court

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adduce“（v.）舉出；引證”；B選項(xiàng)suspension“懸??；暫停；停職”；C選項(xiàng)bay“海灣；狗吠聲”；D選項(xiàng)court“法院；球場；朝廷；奉承”。句意：在他到來之前，這筆交易被暫時擱置。abeyance“中止，停頓；歸屬待定，暫擱”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

MissRobintriedto（

）allerrorsfromthetypescriptbygoingthroughitverycarefully.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.object

B.duplicate

C.approve

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“反對，抗議”；B選項(xiàng)“復(fù)制，重復(fù)”；C選項(xiàng)“同意，贊成”；D選項(xiàng)“消除，清除，淘汰”；依據(jù)句意‘羅賓小姐仔細(xì)檢查打字稿，力求消除所有的錯誤’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apesandmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallstoneasahammer.Stonessuitableoruseasanvilsarenoteasytofind,andoftenachimpanzeemaycarryhaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstem.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itusesitsbreakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項(xiàng)D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動物工具使用者，因?yàn)椤?。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點(diǎn)的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時候會推著堅(jiān)果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個選項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會帶著它的細(xì)枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住海葵作武器趕跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Heisveryquietandshy,hewouldn’tsaybootoa（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goose

B.fly

C.dog

D.bug

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)goose“鵝，鵝肉，傻瓜，雌鵝”；B選項(xiàng)fly“蒼蠅，兩翼昆蟲”；C選項(xiàng)dog“狗，卑鄙的人”；D選項(xiàng)bug“臭蟲，小蟲，故障，竊聽器”。wouldnotsaybootoagoose指非常膽小，害羞的人。句意：他很安靜，很害羞，膽子很小。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivity,atthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaundermin/mum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,however,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle,oreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence

Ifconsistentandreliablegeological,orarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldhefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun'sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.InshorttheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.Thealternative,explanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed，andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun'smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.ModemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalSolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaulttheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodemphysicists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Inbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.InonemodeltheSun’smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistantpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunder-stormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講解的是人們將太陽活動極小期與歐洲16世紀(jì)至19世紀(jì)初期不同尋常的低溫聯(lián)系起來，但是太陽活動極小的真實(shí)性還有待考察，如果同意可靠的地質(zhì)、考古和氣象證據(jù)能夠與遠(yuǎn)古時代的太陽活動周期掛鉤，也許可以幫助理解和確定太陽活動的兩種模式。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽活動的兩種相對的科學(xué)理論并對其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評價”，B選項(xiàng)“簡要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對未來氣候研究的影響做出評價”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽活動聯(lián)系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對太陽物理活動的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，C選項(xiàng)周期。

2.推理判斷題。文章對太陽活動的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變?！笨芍诘谝环N模式中，太陽活動的周期是與太陽大范圍的磁場相關(guān)的并且太陽活動周期是可以長期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.在這種模式中，與太陽磁場相關(guān)的太陽機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽活動周期的特點(diǎn)也會在很長一段時間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽活動的周期也是和太陽磁場相關(guān)的，但是太陽活動周期是會有所變化的。所以A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)錯誤，排除；B選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)文章中沒有提及，排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.太陽活動極小期的真實(shí)性還有待考證，特別是中國當(dāng)時肉眼觀察到的太陽活動的記錄又與其相矛盾?！笨芍狝選項(xiàng)‘他們認(rèn)為，蒙德極小值所依據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)是不正確的?！侵袊?7世紀(jì)末期至18世紀(jì)早期的記錄的重要性的原因。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變?！笨芍x項(xiàng)D“數(shù)億年前太陽活動的周期性特征和如今太陽活動的周期性相同”是對第一種模式的支持。

11.單選題

Three(1)yearsagoDanielGabrielFahrenheitmadehis(2)thermometerin

hishometownofDanzig(NowGdanskinPoland).Thethermometerwasfilledwith(3)

andcompletelysealed,butitwasnotmuchusewithoutsomesortof(4)tomeasurethe

temperature.

Onestory(5)that,duringthewinterof1708—1709，F(xiàn)ahrenheittookameasurement

of0degreesasthecoldesttemperatureoutdoors—whichwouldnowreadasminus17.8°C.Five

years(6)heusedmercuryinsteadofalcoholforhis(7)，andmadeatopreference

pointbymeasuringhisownbodytemperatureas90degrees.Soonafterwardshebecameaglassblower,(8)______allowedhimtomakethinlyblownglasstubesthatcouldbemarkedupwithmorepointsonthescaleandso(9)______accuracy.

Eventuallyhetookthe(10)pointofhistemperaturescalefromareadingmadeinice,

waterandsalt,andatoppointmadefromtheboilingpointofwater.Thescalewasrecalibrated

using180degreesbetweenthese(11)pointsandFahrenheitwasabletomakemuchmore

accurateandmore(12)measurementsoftemperature.

Butin1742arivalchallengedtheFahrenheitscaleand(13)supersededit.Anders

Celsius,inSweden,inventedascaleof100degreesbetweenthefreezingandboilingpointsof

waterandgradually(14)overmanycountries.However,theBritish(15)weddedto

Fahrenheituntilwellintothe20thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thousand

B.hundred

C.decadesof

D.hundredsof

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.initial

B.final

C.first

D.last

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alcohol

B.mercury

C.sand

D.salt

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scale

B.measurement

C.points

D.degrees

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.says

B.rumors

C.concludes

D.goes

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ago

B.before

C.after

D.later

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.thermometers

B.measurements

C.points

D.degrees

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.thereby

B.which

C.that

D.what

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.enlarge

B.addup

C.increase

D.promote

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.eldest

B.lowest

C.coolest

D.deepest

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.three

B.four

C.two

D.dual

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.continuous

B.continuant

C.coherent

D.consistent

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.eventually

B.accidentally

C.surprisingly

D.fortunately

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.took

B.turned

C.brought

D.won

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.kept

B.remained

C.maintained

D.sustained

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:D

【解析】（1）考查上下文語義。第二段第一句說到了時間“duringthewinterof1708-09”，可知大約是“三百多年前”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（2）考查形容詞辨析。initial“最初的”；final“最終的”；first“第一的”；last“最后的；最近的”。根據(jù)上下文可知這里表示“制作出了第一個溫度計(jì)”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（3）考查上下文語義。第二段說到“heusedmercuryinsteadofalcohol”，由此推測他支座的第一個溫度計(jì)內(nèi)部是酒精。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（4）考查名詞辨析。scale“規(guī)模；刻度”；measurement“度量；尺寸”；point“要點(diǎn)；尖端”；degree“度數(shù)”。句意：但是如果沒有記錄溫度的……時沒有用的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（5）考查固定搭配。表述“故事是這樣講的”時，常用“onestorygoes…”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（6）考查上下文語義。上文提到了第一個溫度計(jì)被制作出來，后續(xù)隨著時間的遷移，溫度計(jì)得以慢慢地完善。因此此處應(yīng)指“五年后，他把溫度計(jì)中的酒精換成水銀……”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（7）考查上下文語義。文章說的是溫度計(jì)的發(fā)明。因此這里說就是thermometer“溫度計(jì)”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（8）考查語法知識。空格前是一個完整結(jié)構(gòu)的語句，且還有逗號，這里考查的就是非限定性定語從句，根據(jù)主從句結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)選which作關(guān)系代詞。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（9）考查詞義辨析。enlarge“擴(kuò)大”；addup“合計(jì)”；increase“增加；提高”；promote“促進(jìn)”。根據(jù)空格后的詞語accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”，可知與之相搭配額應(yīng)為C選項(xiàng)。

（10）考查上下文語義。后半句說到了“atoppoint……”，可知此處應(yīng)為相對的“l(fā)owest”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（11）考查上下文語義。上一句提到“thelowestpoint”和“thetoppoint”，可知為“twopoints”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（12）考查形容詞辨析。continuous“連續(xù)的”；continuant“連續(xù)音的”；coherent“條理清楚的”；consistent“始終如一的”。句意：法倫海特就能夠更精確、更……地記錄溫度。此處選用的詞語應(yīng)符合“精確”這一含義，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（13）考查副詞辨析。eventually“最后”；accidentally“意外地”；surprisingly“令人驚訝地”；fortunately“幸運(yùn)地”。句意：但是在1742年，一位競爭者挑戰(zhàn)法倫海特的刻度，并且……將其取代。根據(jù)下文可知，原來的刻度被取代了，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（14）考查詞組辨析。takeover“接管”；turnover“移交”；bringover“把某人帶回”；winover“說服；勝訴；把……爭取過來”。句意：最后很多國家開始采用這種刻度。說明爭取到了很多多家的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（15）考查語法知識。wedded是形容詞性，因此空格處缺少具有系動詞。四個選項(xiàng)都與“保持”有關(guān)，但選項(xiàng)A、C和D都是實(shí)義動詞，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

（

）ofthegrasslanddwellersoftheNorthAmericancontinentistheantelope,orpronghorn.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Typical

B.Thetypical

C.Typicalis

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。分析句子可知，這是一個倒裝句，正常的語序是：theNorthAmericanantelope，orpronghornistypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinent。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陸典型的草原動物。

13.單選題

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetopalli