考研考博-英語-寧波財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.

【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)為所有有關(guān)物理的偉大研究都已經(jīng)完成了，他們中的有些人甚至公開宣稱將來不可能再出現(xiàn)真正有意義的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)了。但是，那時(shí)他們還不知道，在德國一間小小的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，一位名叫倫琴的教師已經(jīng)開始了對粗糙的電磁感應(yīng)線圈、一個被抽走空氣的梨形鱗莖狀物和一張涂抹了某種金屬鹽的紙張進(jìn)行一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)。倫琴教授不知道他的工作注定會揭示自然的某種力量，而這種力量是人們從未料想到的。它幾乎在一夜間引起了醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的革命，成為一種深入探測物質(zhì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的工具。

2.單選題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfactofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quiteencouraging

B.fairlybright

C.veryimpressive

D.ratherbleak

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

C.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.upset

B.uncertain

C.alarmed

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：作者所描繪的美國人的閱讀能力是怎樣的？根據(jù)原文第一段的首句Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我?guī)缀鯖]有必要列舉所有令人沮喪的人們的識字狀況）。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“相當(dāng)凄涼”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：作者最關(guān)心的是？根據(jù)原文第二段的首句Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天擔(dān)心的與其說是基本識字這個壓倒性的問題，不如說是一個更為奢侈的問題，即美國中產(chǎn)階層讀者閱讀技能的衰退，他們不愿意在安靜的地方，犧牲難得在家的時(shí)間，集中注意力用以讀書，而這些與經(jīng)典閱讀行為息息相關(guān)），由此可知A選項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級的閱讀能力與閱讀行為”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：大多數(shù)識字青少年最主要的一個問題是？根據(jù)原文第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人認(rèn)為，近80%有文化，受過良好教育的美國青少年，沒有背景音樂和閃爍的電視屏幕的陪伴就無法閱讀）以及thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而這種邊閱讀邊在背景干擾下進(jìn)行理解的新方法使某些基本的理解和集中行為變得不可能），由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)狈ψ⒁饬突纠斫饬Α狈项}意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：作者認(rèn)為，讀者對一篇詩歌或散文表現(xiàn)贊賞的最好方式是？根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用說人們對他們真正喜歡的詩歌或散文給予的最高評價(jià)了，那就是把它記在心里），由此可知D選項(xiàng)“能夠欣賞它并記住它”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是：關(guān)于閱讀藝術(shù)的未來，作者的感覺是怎樣的？根據(jù)原文最后一段的第一句Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.（在這種情況下，閱讀藝術(shù)的未來是什么，這確實(shí)是一個大問題。）以及最后一句話Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.（在圖書界沒有人能自信地說他知道未來將會發(fā)生什么。）由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為閱讀藝術(shù)的未來充滿了不確定性，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

I’msorry（

）solong.IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tokeepyouwait

B.tokeepyouwaiting

C.tokeepyouwaited

D.tohavekeptyouwaiting

【答案】D

【解析】句意我抱歉讓你等了這么久。我忘記提前告訴你我在哪里了。

語法題?？疾橥瓿蓵r(shí)態(tài)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen我忘記提前告訴你我在哪里了”可知“你等了這么久”這個事情發(fā)生在過去的過去，故這里應(yīng)該用完成時(shí)態(tài)，由此知D項(xiàng)“tohavekeptyouwaiting”正確。

4.單選題

Whenitcomestothetruthofthecase,his（）answeris“nocomment”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invariable

B.investigative

C.invalid

D.invasive

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。invariable不變的,

始終如一的；investigative調(diào)查研究的；invalid無效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：說到案件的真相,

他始終如一的回答是“無可奉告”。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

（）bythesuperstarsontelevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandplayedintensely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Imitated

B.Imposed

C.Insured

D.Inspired

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。imitate“模仿，仿效”；impose“強(qiáng)加，征稅”；insure“確保，保證”；inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞”。句意：被電視上的超級明星所激勵，年輕的運(yùn)動員訓(xùn)練刻苦，比賽激烈。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Thedeclineofmarriage:Forricher,forsmarterThetraditionalfamilyisnowthepreserveofaminority.Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves.Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton.Millionsmorehavewallowedinthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriageafterrevelationsthathefatheredasonwithamaid.AndthetumescenttweetsofcongressmanAnthonyWeinerhavestirredupendlessspeculationaboutthehealthofhisownyear-oldmarriageandtheforbearanceofhisnewlypregnantwife.

LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates.DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf(45%)ofallhouseholds.

TheiconicAmericanfamily,withmom,dadandkidsunderoneroof,isfading.Inever,statethenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsaregrowingfasterthanthosecomprisedofmarriedpeoplewithchildren,findsthe2010census.Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%.Andthetrendhasapotentclassdimension.Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent.

Therebarelywasamarriagegapin1960:onlyfourpercentagepointsseparatedtheweddedwaysofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduates(76%versus72%).Thegaphassincewidenedto16percentagepoints,accordingtothePewResearchCentre.ACensusBureauanalysisreleasedthisspringfoundthatbridesaresignificantlymorelikelytohaveacollegedegreethantheywereinthemid-1990s.

“Marriagehasbecomemuchmoreselective,andthat'swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,becomemuchmoreselective,andthat’swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,directoroftheNationalMarriageProjectattheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville.Theprojectfoundthatdivorceratesforcoupleswithcollegedegreesareonlyathirdashighasforthosewithahigh-schooldegree.

Americanswithahigh-schooldegreeorless(whoaccountfor58%ofthepopulation)tellresearcherstheywouldliketomarry,butdonotbelievetheycanaffordit.Instead,theyraisechildrenoutofwedlock.Only6%ofchildrenborntocollege-educatedmotherswerebornoutsidemarriage,accordingtotheNationalMarriageProject.Thatcompareswith44%ofbabiesborntomotherswhoseeducationendedwithhighschool.

"Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty，"reckonsIsabelSawhill,aseniorfellowattheBrookingsInstitution.Sheandotherresearchershavelinkedasmuchashalfoftheincomeinequalityinfamilycomposition:single-parentfamilies(mostlythosewithahigh-schooldegreeorless)aregettingpoorerwhilemarriedcouples(witheducationsanddualincomes)areincreasinglywell-off."Thisisastrikinggapthatisnotwellunderstoodbythepublic."shesays.

DonotexpecttheDemocraticParty,however,tomakeanissueofthemarriagegapinnextyear’selections.UnmarriedwomenvotedoverwhelminglyforBarackObama."Youdon'twanttosuggesttosomeonewhoisn'tmarriedandhaschildrenthattheyshouldbemarried."saysMsSawhill.“Thatisadenigrationoftheirlifestyle."

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTrue?

3.Thedivorceratehascomedownbecause（）.

4.“Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty”is（）.

5.UnmarriedwomenVotedoverwhelminglyforBarackObamabecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lessthanhalf(45%)orpeoplepreservethetraditionalmarriage.

B.nearly23mAmericanswassadatthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriage.

C.theiconicAmericanfamilystilldominatesnewspapers,Magazinesandtheairwaves.

D.thenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsgrowby20%.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionalmarriageisaluxuryfortheeducatedandrichnow.

B.ThestateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStatesistitillating.

C.Themarriagegapisnarrowednow

D.Girlswithacollegedegreeareeasytogetmarried.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therearemoreselectionsinmarriage.

B.marriagecouplesareofhigh-schooldegree.

C.peoplearemorecarefulinmarriageselection.

D.peopleareunwillingtogetmarried.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.averypopularsaying

B.notwellunderstood

C.wellreceived.

D.researchfinding

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.marriageisalifestyletothem.

B.theywanttogetmarried

C.marriageissorrythem.

D.theycannotaffordmarriagefinancially

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。A:不到一半（45%）的人保留傳統(tǒng)婚姻。根據(jù)第二段“DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf（45%）ofallhouseholds(人口普查局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示已婚夫婦現(xiàn)在占全部家庭的比例不到一半（45%）,這是首次出現(xiàn)這種情況)”可知A項(xiàng)正確。B:近2300萬美國人對阿諾德施瓦辛格的婚姻破裂感到悲傷。根據(jù)第一段“Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton(近2300萬美國人收看了威廉王子迎娶凱特?米德爾頓（KateMiddleton）的神圣婚禮)”可知B項(xiàng)不正確。C:這個標(biāo)志性的美國家庭仍然主宰著報(bào)紙、雜志和廣播。根據(jù)第—段“Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves(婚姻、婚姻里的悲歡離合仍然強(qiáng)有力地占據(jù)著報(bào)紙、雜志的版面和廣播電視的節(jié)目)”可排除C項(xiàng)。D:未婚夫婦、無子女家庭、單身家庭增長20%。根據(jù)第三段“Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%(1950年后者（有孩子的已婚夫婦組成家庭）占全部家庭的43%；現(xiàn)在只占20%)”可排除D項(xiàng)。因此，本題選A。

2.判斷推理題。A:傳統(tǒng)婚姻對現(xiàn)在的受過教育的富人來說是一種奢侈。根據(jù)第三段“Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent(傳統(tǒng)婚姻普遍被視為習(xí)俗，現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)進(jìn)化為受教育人群和具有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的人群所享有的奢侈品)”可知A項(xiàng)正確。B:整個美國的婚姻現(xiàn)狀讓人感到興奮。根據(jù)第二段“LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates(美國人自己婚姻的糟糕狀況則不那么令人感到興奮)”可排除B項(xiàng)。C:現(xiàn)在婚姻差距縮小了。第四段指出:大學(xué)畢業(yè)和高中畢業(yè)生的結(jié)婚率差距越來越大，如今已經(jīng)達(dá)到16%。因此排除C項(xiàng)。D:擁有大學(xué)文憑的女孩更容易結(jié)婚，文章并未提及。因此，本題選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段:Marriagehasbecomemuchmoreselective,andthat’swhythedivorceratehascomedown(選擇結(jié)婚對象時(shí)更加地精挑細(xì)選，這就是為什么離婚率降低了)。因此C項(xiàng)“人們在選擇婚姻時(shí)更加謹(jǐn)慎”正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段:Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty,”reckonsIsabelSawhill,aseniorfellowattheBrookingsInstitution(婚姻減少意味著收入減少、貧困增加”，布魯金斯學(xué)會的資深研究員伊莎貝爾?索希爾這樣認(rèn)為)。因此可推測，這句活應(yīng)該是“一個研究發(fā)現(xiàn)”的結(jié)論。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句指出:Youdon’twanttosuggesttosomeonewhoisn’tmarriedandhaschildrenthattheyshouldbemarried,”saysMsSawhill.“Thatisadenigrationoftheirlifestyle.”(“你別想建議某個沒結(jié)婚又有小孩的人去結(jié)婚，”索希爾女士說，“那樣子是對她們生活方式的詆毀”)。因A項(xiàng)“婚姻對她們而言是一種生活方式”正確。

7.單選題

Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they（

）theissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agreedon

B.complicated

C.attestedto

D.avoided

【答案】A

【解析】動詞和詞組辨析。句意‘盡管兩位委員會成員屬于不同的政黨，但他們就如何為該鎮(zhèn)的債務(wù)融資達(dá)成一致’A選項(xiàng)“對…取得一致意見”；B選項(xiàng)“使復(fù)雜化”，原型是complicate;C選項(xiàng)“證明，證實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)“躲開，避免”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞despite和belongedtodifferentpoliticalparties可以推斷出填入空白處的詞是要和前面的意思形成對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theatmosphereisamixtureofseveralgases.Thereareabouttenchemicalelementswhichremainpermanentlyingaseousformintheatmosphereunderallnaturalconditions.Ofthesepermanentgases,oxygenmakesupabout21percentandnitrogenabout78percent.Severalothergases,suchasargon,carbondioxide:hydrogen,neon,kiyptonandxenon,comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevolumeofdryair.Theamountofwatervaporanditsvariationsinamountanddistributionisofextraordinaryimportanceinweatherchanges.Atmosphericgasesholdinsuspensiongreatquantitiesofdust,pollen,smoke,andotherimpuritieswhicharealwayspresentinconsiderable,butvariableamounts.

Theatmospherehasnodefiniteupperlimitsbutgraduallythinsuntilitbecomesimperceptible.Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthattheairabovethefirstfewmilesgraduallygrewthinnerandcolderataconstantrate.Itwasalsoassumedthatupperairhadlittleinfluenceonweatherchanges.Recentstudiesoftheupperatmosphere,currentlybeingconductedbyearthsatellitesandmissileprobing,haveshowntheseassumptionstobeincorrect.Theatmospherehasthreewell-definedstrata.

Thelayeroftheairnexttotheearth,whichextendsupwardforabouttenmiles,isknownasthetroposphere.Onthewhole,itmakesupabout75percentofalltheweightoftheatmosphere.Itisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecausemostofthesolarradiationisabsorbedbytheearth’ssurfacewhichwarmstheairimmediatelysurroundingit.Asteadydecreaseoftemperaturewithincreasingelevationisamoststrikingcharacteristic.Theupperlayersarecolderbecauseoftheirgreaterdistancefromtheearth’ssurfaceandrapidradiationofheatintospace.Thetemperatureswithinthetropospheredecreaseabout3.5degreesper1,000feetincreaseinaltitude.Withinthetroposphere,windsandaircurrentsdistributeheatandmoisture.Strongwinds,calledjetstreams,arelocatedattheupperlevelsofthetroposphere.Thesejetstreamsarebothcomplexandwidespreadinoccurrence.Theynormallyshowawave-shapedpatternandmovefromwesttoeastatvelocitiesof150mph,butvelocitiesashighas400mphhavebeennoted.Theinfluencesofchanginglocationsandstrengthsofjetstreamsuponweatherconditionsandpatternsarenodoubtconsiderable.Currentintensiveresearchmayeventuallyrevealtheirtruesignificance.

Abovethetropospheretoaheightofabout50milesisazonecalledthestratosphere.Thestratosphereisseparatedfromthetropospherebyazoneofuniformtemperaturescalledthetropopause.Withinthelowerportionsofthestratosphereisalayerofozonegaseswhichfiltersoutmostoftheultravioletraysfromthesun.Theozonelayervarieswithairpressure.Ifthiszonewerenotthere,thefullblastofthesun'sultravioletlightwouldburnourskins,blindoureyes,andeventuallyresultinourdestruction.Withinthestratosphere,thetemperatureandatmosphericcompositionarerelativelyuniform.

Thelayerupwardofabout50milesisthemostfascinatingbuttheleastknownofthethreestrata.Itiscalledtheionospherebecauseitconsistsofelectricallychargedparticlescalledions,thrownfromthesun.Thenorthernlights(auroraborealis)originatewithinthishighlychargedportionoftheatmosphere.Itseffectuponweatherconditions,ifany,isasyetunknown.

1.Ajetplanewillusuallyhaveitsbestaveragerateofspeedonitsrunfrom（

）.

2.AtthetopofJungfrau,whichtowers12,000feetabovethetownofInterlakeninSwitzerland,thetemperatureisusually

（

）.

3.Lifeasweknowitexistsontheearthbecausetheatmosphere

（

）.

4.Thetroposphereisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecauseit

（

）.

5.Studiesoftheatmospheremayreveal（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NewYorktoSanFrancisco

B.LosAngelestoNewYork

C.LondontoWashingtonD.C.

D.BermudatoNewYork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.about75degreescolderthaninInterlaken

B.about42degreescolderthanontheground

C.warmerthaninInterlaken

D.affectedbytheionosphere

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.containsalayerofozonegases

B.containselectricallychargedparticles

C.carriestheultravioletraysofthesun

D.providesthechangesinweather

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.containselectricallychargedparticles

B.radiatesheatintospace

C.haswindsandaircurrentthatdistributetheheat

D.iswarmedbytheearth’sheat

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesourceofthesun’senergy

B.itstrueeffectupontheearth'sweather

C.thenatureoftheauroraborealis

D.howtocontrolultravioletrays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第三段中“Theynormallyshowawave-shapedpatternandmovefromwesttoeastatvelocitiesof150mph,butvelocitiesashighas400mphhavebeennoted.它們通常呈波浪狀，以150英里每小時(shí)的速度從西向東移動，但也有人注意到速度高達(dá)400英里每小時(shí)。再由地理知識“洛杉磯位于美國西海岸，紐約位于美國東部海岸”可知B項(xiàng)從洛杉磯到紐約正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段中Thelayeroftheairnexttotheearth,whichextendsupwardforabouttenmiles,isknownasthetroposphere.以及thetemperatureswithinthetropospheredecreaseabout3.5degreesper1,000feetincreaseinaltitude.地球?qū)优赃叺目諝?，向上延伸大約10英里，被稱為對流層。對流層的溫度每上升1000英尺，就會下降3.5度。題干中高度為12000英尺，故溫度應(yīng)為（12,000/1000）×3.5=42度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第四段中“Ifthiszonewerenotthere,thefullblastofthesun'sultravioletlightwouldbumourskins,blindoureyes,andeventuallyresultinourdestruction.如果沒有這個區(qū)域（臭氧層），太陽紫外線的強(qiáng)烈照射會灼傷我們的皮膚，使我們失明，最終導(dǎo)致我們的毀滅。”可知與A項(xiàng)相符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中“Itisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecausemostofthesolarradiationisabsorbedbytheearth’ssurfacewhichwarmstheairimmediatelysurroundingit.它（即對流層）是大氣層中最暖和的，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)的太陽輻射被地球表面吸收，而地球表面對其周圍的大氣進(jìn)行加熱?？芍獙α鲗右蛭盏乇頍崃砍蔀榇髿鈱又凶钆偷?。D項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中“Theinfluencesofchanginglocationsandstrengthsofjetstreamsuponweatherconditionsandpatternsarenodoubtconsiderable.“依據(jù)天氣狀況和模式來改變急流的位置和強(qiáng)度的影響無疑是相當(dāng)大的。及最后一段中“Itseffectuponweatherconditions,ifany,isasyetunknown.它對天氣狀況的影響，如果有的話，也是未知的?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“對地球天氣的真正影響”正確。

9.單選題

HarvardUniversityandMITare______thefourthandfifthlargestemployersinthearea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.representatively

B.respectively

C.respectably

D.respectfully

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.representatively典型地B.respectively分別地，各自地

C.respectably相當(dāng)好地，可敬地D.respectfully尊敬地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】由空格后面的thefourthandfifthlargestemployers（第四大和第五大雇主）可知，“分別地”符合句子意思。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院分別是該地區(qū)第四大和第五大雇主。

10.單選題

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。insincere“不誠懇的”，形容詞；premise“前提，假設(shè)”；premature“過早發(fā)生的事物；早產(chǎn)兒”;presumption“假定，推定”。根據(jù)conclusion“結(jié)論”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和考慮之前”可知“稱為推定”符合語境，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Manydifficultieshave（）asaresultofthechangetoanewtypeoffuel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.risen

B.arisen

C.raised

D.arrived

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)risen表示“攀升；升起”；B選項(xiàng)arisen表示“出現(xiàn)；上升”，不及物動詞；C選項(xiàng)raised表示“提高；籌集；養(yǎng)育”；D選項(xiàng)arrived“到達(dá)”。從詞性及詞義判斷，只有B選項(xiàng)arisen符合要求。句意：由于改用了一種新型燃料，許多困難出現(xiàn)了。

12.翻譯題

Totalitarianismisthepolarcaseofsuchbureaucraticconcentrationofpowerthatdestroysdemocraticprocessess,butnottheonlyone.Thesametendencycanbeobservedinpoliticalmachinethattransferthepowerthatlegallybelongstovoterstopoliticalbosses,inbusinesscorporationsthatvestthepowerthatrightfullybelongstostockholdersincorporationofficials,inthoseunionsthatbestowthepowerthatrightfullybelongstorank-and-filemembersuponunionleaders.Thesecasesleadsomewriterstocontendthatthepresenttrendtowardbureaucratizationspellsthedoomofdemocraticinstitution.Thismaywellbetoofatalisticaviewpoint,buttherecanbenodoubtthatthistrendconstitutesachallenge.Toprotectourselvesagainstthisthreat,whilecontinutingtoutilizetheseeffcientadministrativemechanisms,wemustfirstlearnfullytounderstandhowbureaucraciesfunction.

【答案】【參考譯文】

極權(quán)主義是這種官僚權(quán)力集中破壞民主進(jìn)程的極端例子，但不是唯一的例子。在其他方面也可看到相同趨勢：政治機(jī)器將合法屬于選民的權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移給政治領(lǐng)袖；商業(yè)公司將合法屬于股東的權(quán)力授予公司高層；一些工會將應(yīng)賦予普通成員的權(quán)力給工會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。這些案例使一些作家認(rèn)為，目前的官僚主義趨勢預(yù)示著民主制度的滅亡。這可能是一個偏宿命論的觀點(diǎn)，但毫無疑問，這種趨勢（給我們）帶來了一種挑戰(zhàn)。在我們繼續(xù)使用這些有效行政機(jī)制時(shí)，為了保護(hù)自己不受這種威脅，必須首先充分了解官僚機(jī)制是如何運(yùn)作的。

13.單選題

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit?ical_______andsuspicions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì);antagonism對抗,敵意;dimension尺寸;possession擁有。句意：雖然政府仍然享有很高的公眾支持,但犯罪問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了對抗對立和猜疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

LuisFigueroalivesdownthestreetfromUCMerced,thenewestcampusintheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.Soit’snotsurprisingthatthe21yearsoldstudiesfromthecomfortofhisownhome.Buthe’snotenrolledatMerced:fromhisliving-roomcomputer,Figueroaisearninghisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessadministrationatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,some2,000milesaway.At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.Notonlythat,Figueroaisabletocontinueworkingfulltimeinamanagement-trainingjobwithAT&TinMerced,ajobhefeelsluckytohaveinthecurrenteconomicclimate.“OnceIrealizedIhadtimeconstraints,Iknewthetraditionalclassroomwouldn’twork,”hesays.“Coursesonlineareopen24hoursaday,andI’mabletogothereanytimeIwant.”

Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.Thesamestudyfoundthatonlineenrollmentisgrowingataratemorethan10timesthatofthehigher-educationpopulationatlarge—12.9percentvs.1.2percentfortraditionalinseatstudents.NowhereisthegrowthfasterthanamongyoungerstudentslikeFigueroawhoareoptingforonlinelearning,evenwhenthetraditionalclassroomis—inhiscase—rightoutsidethefrontdoor.“Thisisagenerationthatlivesonline,”saysVickyPhillips,founderandCEOofG,aservicethatranksonlinelearninginstitutions.“Everythingisinstant,accelerated,andaccessible,andtheyexpecttheireducationtobethatwaytoo.Forthemthereisnoclearlinebetweenthevirtualworldandtheactualworld.”

Oncetargetedatolder,workingadults,distancelearninghasmovedintotheeducationmainstreamatstunningspeedoverthepastcoupleofyears,astechnologyallowsever-richer,more-interactivelearningexperienceonline—andascollegecostscontinuetoriseandclassroomsarepackedtocapacity.Fortraditionalbrick-and-mortarinstitutions,thathasmeantascrambletoenteralucrativemarketthatusedtobetheexclusiveterritoryoffor-profitinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofPhoenixandKaplanUniversity.Establishedbrand-nameeducators—includingStanford,Cornell,PennState,andMIT,whichhasplaceditsentirecurriculumonlinethroughitsOpenCoursewareprogram—nowofferextensiveonlinelearningoptionsandarecompetingwiththefor-profitsforstudents.“Thestigmaisgone,”saysPhillips.“Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.”

Onlineofferingsthesedayscansometimesevensurpasstheclassroomexperience.AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.MeetinginSecondLifeinsteadofaphysicalclassroom,saysWalsh,allowsforsomefeatsthatgravityrendersimpossible,likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.Usingvideos,podcasts,livechats,Webcams,andwikis,educatorsincreasinglyseeonlinelearningasawaytoengagethevideogamegenerationwithpedagogythatfeelsmorelikeentertainmentthandrudgery.Studentsinthenewhomeland-securitymaster’sdegreeprogramattheUniversityofConnecticutthisfall,forexample,willhavecourseworkthatresemblesGrandTheftAuto:dwellinginacyber-citycalledSanLuisReyplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacks,andotherdisasters.AtArizonaState,studentsinanIntroductiontoParentingclassraisea“virtualchild”.Theyhavetoposttheprogressoftheironlinechargethroughallthephasesofchildhood.“Theclassesaresomuchmoreinteractive,andIcanlogonwhenI’mmostreadytolearn,”saysJaquelynHolleran,ajuniormajoringinfamilyandhumandevelopmentatASU.“Ilikethatsomuchbetterthanhavingtorushtoclassorsitthrougha