考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theshipisequippedwithspecialrefrigeratingdevicesto（）foodforthewholevoyage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conserve

B.reserve

C.preserve

D.maintain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conserve表示“保存，儲(chǔ)藏”；B選項(xiàng)reserve表示“預(yù)定，儲(chǔ)備”；C選項(xiàng)preserve表示“保存，保護(hù)，維持”；D選項(xiàng)maintain表示“維持，保持”。根據(jù)句意“船上裝載了特殊的冰箱設(shè)備來（

）食物以保證整個(gè)航行的需要”可知，conserve更符合句意，因此本題正確答案為A。

2.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“l(fā)egitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.英國是游說歐盟放松擬議數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)規(guī)則的9個(gè)國家之一。此舉將讓日益擔(dān)心其業(yè)務(wù)受到潛在影響的谷歌和社交網(wǎng)站“臉書”等美國科技公司松一口氣，因?yàn)檫@些公司一直都擔(dān)心它們的業(yè)務(wù)可能受到影響。

47.然而，這些規(guī)則的最終確定和實(shí)施可能需要數(shù)年時(shí)間。

48.歐盟的目標(biāo)是為歐盟所有27個(gè)成員國建立一套統(tǒng)一的隱私標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，消除導(dǎo)致混亂的國家差異。

49.她在2012年1月公布了這一想法，她建議除非有合法理由保留這些數(shù)據(jù)，否則人們應(yīng)該有能力要求公司在數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)中刪除關(guān)于他們的數(shù)據(jù)。

50.谷歌公司尤其對(duì)這個(gè)想法進(jìn)行了激烈的游說反對(duì)，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)破壞它的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)并在歷史記錄中產(chǎn)生漏洞。

3.單選題

Mr.Morrisonhasagreat___foranythingthatisorientalandexotic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vision

B.emotion

C.contribution

D.passion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vision“視力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力”；B選項(xiàng)emotion“情感；情緒”；C選項(xiàng)contribution“貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；投稿”；D選項(xiàng)passion“激情；熱情；酷愛；盛怒”。句意：莫里森先生對(duì)任何東方和異國的東西都有強(qiáng)烈的___。本句表達(dá)“懷有強(qiáng)烈的情感”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據(jù)報(bào)道，如今越來越少的工人愿意一輩子從事一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的工作，更不用說在一個(gè)公司了。

考查短語辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用說。故D符合句意。

5.單選題

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一個(gè)階段，每個(gè)問題的各方都援引了《法治》，最終以大法官史蒂文斯在布什訴戈?duì)柊钢刑岢龅闹愖h告終），結(jié)合法律知識(shí)，此處的異議是指案外人對(duì)執(zhí)行標(biāo)的提出不同的意見，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)人的意見，A選項(xiàng)“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)法官的意見”和原文不符，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“辯論的每一階段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（許多讀者會(huì)記得2000年佛羅里達(dá)選舉失敗時(shí)的情形……）可知2000年正在進(jìn)行總統(tǒng)選舉，B選項(xiàng)“2000年是總統(tǒng)選舉舉行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（盡管我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無法完全確定今年總統(tǒng)選舉的贏家是誰，但輸家的身份是非常清楚的。這是國家對(duì)法官作為法治公正監(jiān)護(hù)人的信任）可知C選項(xiàng)“法官們知道誰是選舉中的失敗者”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.（干涉法庭、在沒有法律依據(jù)的情況下監(jiān)禁某人、在沒有正當(dāng)程序保障的情況下拘留人、為黨派利益操縱憲法——所有這些都被視為對(duì)法治的濫用）可知A選項(xiàng)“讓法院決定總統(tǒng)選舉的最終結(jié)果”，B選項(xiàng)“在沒有任何正當(dāng)程序保障的情況下逮捕某人”，D選項(xiàng)“未經(jīng)法庭審判就把某人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄”屬于對(duì)《法治》的濫用，A選項(xiàng)屬于為黨派利益操縱憲法，法院不能直接決定總統(tǒng)選舉的結(jié)果。C選項(xiàng)“針對(duì)特定案件向法院下達(dá)命令的政府機(jī)構(gòu)”不屬于原文所提到的對(duì)《法治》的濫用。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

53.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.（我還認(rèn)為，我們對(duì)《法治》的理解不僅應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)既定的、確定的規(guī)則的價(jià)值和它們使之成為可能的可預(yù)測(cè)性，而且還應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)法律實(shí)踐的程序和辯論方面的重要性）可知作者認(rèn)為對(duì)《法治》的理解還應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)體和程序兩個(gè)方面，選B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)法治的理解應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)體和程序兩個(gè)方面”，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“法律是既定的，確定的規(guī)則”不符合原文，原文只是說不僅應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)既定的，確定的規(guī)則，不能過度推測(cè)出法律是既定的，確定的規(guī)則；A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)者們對(duì)法治的理解是正確的”和C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們?cè)噲D解釋什么是法律時(shí)，他們談?wù)摰氖欠ㄖ巍钡谌挝瓷婕埃懦?。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.（當(dāng)我們至少部分地從程序性和辯論性的主題來理解《法治》時(shí)，要比單純地從確定性和可預(yù)見性來理解法治時(shí)，更容易理解法治與法律概念之間的聯(lián)系）可知選A選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該至少從程序和辯論主題的角度看《法治》”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“法治應(yīng)該純粹從確定性和可預(yù)見性的角度來看待”和原文相悖，以及C選項(xiàng)“更容易把握法治與法律概念之間的聯(lián)系”不完整；第四段andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.（而對(duì)法律制度的理解，既強(qiáng)調(diào)法庭上的辯論，也強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)則的存在和承認(rèn)，為更豐富地理解法治在現(xiàn)代政治辯論中所包含的價(jià)值提供了基礎(chǔ)）可知同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)法庭上的辯論和規(guī)則的存在能幫助對(duì)法律制度的理解，而對(duì)法律制度的理解為了豐富地理解法治在現(xiàn)代政治辯論中所包含的價(jià)值提供了基礎(chǔ)，D選項(xiàng)“將法律理解為規(guī)則和法庭上使用的規(guī)則有助于理解《法治》”和原文有偏差，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Incourt,theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent,sayingthathehadbeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.betrayed

B.deceived

C.framed

D.defrauded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)betray“背叛，出賣，泄露”；B選項(xiàng)deceive“欺詐，欺騙”；C選項(xiàng)frame“誣陷，陷害，擬定”；D選項(xiàng)defraud“騙取，詐?。ā腻X財(cái)）”。由theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent（被告聲稱他是無辜的）可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，被告聲稱他是無辜的，說他是被陷害的。

7.單選題

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor.Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutthecriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”，ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

7.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.

8.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.

9.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.

10.StrategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallEXCEPT____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

C.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

D.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews

C.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters

D.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?下面哪個(gè)陳述最好地表達(dá)了這篇文章的主要思想？

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.A.初級(jí)醫(yī)生通常有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

B.PatientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealthB.病人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谏眢w健康時(shí)，預(yù)約成功要容易得多。

C.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.C.人們健康的時(shí)候不需要與醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系。

D.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.D.預(yù)約到有能力的醫(yī)生需要一些策略。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)：本文的行文邏輯為“總分式”，首段提出觀點(diǎn)，總領(lǐng)全文，后文就首段提出的觀點(diǎn)給出具體的建議。首段第2句說到“這項(xiàng)工作應(yīng)該在最先完成，即：專家們強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)該在身體健康的時(shí)候找醫(yī)生并建立聯(lián)系（peopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth）”；第2-7段分別為作者對(duì)“如何預(yù)約到有實(shí)力的醫(yī)生”給出的策略或者需要考慮的因素，D選項(xiàng)“預(yù)約到有能力的醫(yī)生需要一些策略”符合題意。（另外，第10題的題干也提示了“預(yù)約醫(yī)生的策略”。）

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“初級(jí)醫(yī)生通常有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，僅在原文第2段提到，不能概括全文主旨，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“病人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谏眢w健康時(shí)，預(yù)約成功要容易得多”，僅在原文第1段提到，不能概括全文主旨，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“人們健康的時(shí)候不需要與醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”，表述與原文不符，原文第1段第2句提到“專家們強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)該在身體健康的時(shí)候找醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系”。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.除了婦科醫(yī)生，女性也應(yīng)該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系，因?yàn)開___。

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferralsA.每個(gè)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生都有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatologyB.一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生只接受過心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcareC.他們有常規(guī)的治療來源

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctorD.他們不需要總是跟醫(yī)生預(yù)約

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternist定位到原文第3段第1句，該句提到“加林醫(yī)生說，但也應(yīng)該和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系一下。”該句后一句提到“接下來，檢查你的健康計(jì)劃中的醫(yī)生名單”，說明作者已經(jīng)開始介紹另一個(gè)策略了，因此本題的答案應(yīng)該往前找。原文第2段提到“有常規(guī)治療來源的病人（patientswitharegularsourceofcare）得到更好的護(hù)理”，緊接著說“盡管一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)方面有額外的培訓(xùn)，但初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生也有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)?！庇纱送茢?，專家建議女性應(yīng)該和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系一下，是因?yàn)樗麄冇锌赏扑]的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)，即常規(guī)治療來源，C選項(xiàng)“他們有常規(guī)的治療來源”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生都有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，“每個(gè)”的表述不恰當(dāng)，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生只接受過心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”，表述不符合原文，原文第2段第2句提到“心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的額外訓(xùn)練（additionaltraining），說明他們還接受了其他訓(xùn)練，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“他們不需要總是跟醫(yī)生預(yù)約”，原文只是說有常規(guī)護(hù)理來源的能得到更好的治療（getbettercare），并沒有說就不需要預(yù)約了，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.對(duì)于沒有保險(xiǎn)的人，專家建議____。

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedicationA.他們要負(fù)責(zé)化驗(yàn)、驗(yàn)血、手術(shù)和用藥的費(fèi)用

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcostsB.他們和醫(yī)生達(dá)成協(xié)議，調(diào)整需承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcareC.他們?nèi)ド鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所接受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcareD.他們?cè)L問美國家庭網(wǎng)站尋找免費(fèi)醫(yī)療

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theuninsured和suggest定位到原文第5段第1句，該句提到“如果你沒有保險(xiǎn)，可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商（negotiatewithadoctor），讓醫(yī)生同意降低費(fèi)用（agreeonareducedfee）”，由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“他們和醫(yī)生達(dá)成協(xié)議，調(diào)整需承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用”，表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們要負(fù)責(zé)化驗(yàn)、驗(yàn)血、手術(shù)和用藥的費(fèi)用”，可定位到原文第5段第1句，該句提到“你還是要承擔(dān)（youwillalsoberesponsiblefor）實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)、血液檢測(cè)、X光、程序和藥物的費(fèi)用”，由此可知，該選項(xiàng)只是在陳述事實(shí)，而非專家的建議；

C選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)ド鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所接受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療”，可定位到第5段第2句，該句提到“這些費(fèi)用更有可能由社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心或醫(yī)院診所按浮動(dòng)比例支付或收?。╞ecoveredorcharged）?！庇纱丝芍鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所并不提供免費(fèi)醫(yī)療，并且這不是專家的建議，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)L問美國家庭網(wǎng)站尋找免費(fèi)醫(yī)療”，可定位到第5段最后一句，該句提到“您可以在美國家庭網(wǎng)站www.的‘消費(fèi)者資源’中找到。”根據(jù)上下文可知，這個(gè)網(wǎng)址是找社區(qū)健康中心或者醫(yī)院診所的，并且這些醫(yī)療也并不是免費(fèi)的，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.專家提示，如果一個(gè)醫(yī)生使用電子病歷，那么____。

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatientsA.這個(gè)醫(yī)生應(yīng)該是病人優(yōu)先選擇的對(duì)象

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatientsB.這位醫(yī)生一定很受病人歡迎

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracreditsC.病人應(yīng)該給醫(yī)生額外的贊揚(yáng)

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsuredD.未投保的人可能會(huì)比已投保的人被收取更多的費(fèi)用

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞adoctoruseselectronicrecords定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段最后一句，該句提到“如果醫(yī)生使用電子病歷（thedoctoruseselectronicrecords），這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)（aplus）。”另外，本段第一句提到“其他需要考慮的因素是……（Otherfactorstoconsiderare…）”由此可知，使用電子病歷的醫(yī)生是相對(duì)來說可靠的、好的醫(yī)生；另外，全文主要是介紹如何挑選好的醫(yī)生并與之建立聯(lián)系，A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)醫(yī)生應(yīng)該是病人優(yōu)先選擇的對(duì)象”，符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“這位醫(yī)生一定很受病人歡迎”，原文只是說這是該醫(yī)生的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并沒有提到一定特別受歡迎，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推測(cè)；

C選項(xiàng)“病人應(yīng)該給醫(yī)生額外的贊揚(yáng)”，專家說這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并不是為了要贊揚(yáng)醫(yī)生，而是告訴讀者可以選擇這樣的醫(yī)生，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“未投保的人可能會(huì)比已投保的人被收取更多的費(fèi)用”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

StrategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallEXCEPT____.更容易預(yù)約醫(yī)生的策略包括除____以外的所有內(nèi)容。

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhoursA.與一位晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviewsB.通過會(huì)面與醫(yī)生的建立舒適的關(guān)系

C.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcentersC.為了在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心享受降低一點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用而不買保險(xiǎn)

D.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpracticeD.找一個(gè)屬于某個(gè)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生且這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行當(dāng)前最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選原文沒有提到的策略。C選項(xiàng)“為了在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心享受降低一點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用而不買保險(xiǎn)”，可定位到原文第5段第1句，該句提到“如果你沒有保險(xiǎn)（Ifyou’reuninsured），你可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商降低費(fèi)用……”原文只是說沒有買保險(xiǎn)的人可以跟醫(yī)生商量少收一些費(fèi)用，并不是建議不買保險(xiǎn)，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，本末倒置，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“與一位晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段第1句，該句提到“其他需要考慮的因素（Otherfactorstoconsider）包括醫(yī)生是否有晚上和周末的時(shí)間（whetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours）……”，由此可知，晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生更方便建立關(guān)系和預(yù)約看病，選項(xiàng)表述正確，不符合題意，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“通過會(huì)面與醫(yī)生建立舒適的關(guān)系”，可定位到原文最后一段第1句，該句提到“關(guān)于你是否能跟你選擇的醫(yī)生相處愉快（whetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctor）這個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題，直到你們見了面（meetwiththedoctor），你才會(huì)知道?！庇纱丝芍?，通過雙方面對(duì)面交往，才能知道是否能跟對(duì)方相處愉快，才能建立舒適的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)表述正確，不符合題意，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“找一個(gè)屬于某個(gè)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生且這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行當(dāng)前最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“集體實(shí)踐（grouppractices）往往更有效率，團(tuán)體醫(yī)生更有可能保持最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐（stayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice）?！庇纱丝芍?，作者更推薦處于某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生，選項(xiàng)表述正確，不符合題意，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofalorry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指木橋承受不了卡車的重量，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Wecanbesure,however,thatcitieswillremainthegroundzeroofconvergence.Althoughforestclearanceandexportmonocultureshaveplayedfundamentalrolesinthetransitiontoanewgeologicalepoch,theprimemoverhasbeenthealmostexponentialincreaseinthecarbonfootprintsofurbanregionsinthenorthernhemisphere.Heatingandcoolingtheurbanbuiltenvironmentaloneisresponsibleforanestimated35to45percentofcurrentcarbonemissions,whileurbanindustriesandtransportationcontributeanother35to40percent.Inasense,citylifeisrapidlydestroyingtheecologicalniche---Holoceneclimatestability---whichmadeitsevolutionintocomplexitypossible.

Yetthereisastrikingparadoxhere.Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.Firstamongtheseismassivehorizontalexpansion,whichcombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalservices---aquifers,watersheds,truckfarms,forests,coastaleco-systems---withthehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.Theresultisgrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources,thepredictablesocialoutcomesareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds;inner-citydevelopmentisconceivedasgentrificationthrougheviction,destroyingworking-classurbancultureintheprocess.Tothesewemayaddthesocio-politicalfeaturesofthemegapolisunderconditionsofcapitalistglobalization:thegrowthofperipheralslumsandinformalemployment,theprivatizationofpublicspace,low-intensitywarfarebetweenpoliceandsubsistencecriminals,andbunkeringofthewealthyinsterilizedhistoricalcentersorwalledsuburbs.

Bycontrast,thosequalitiesthataremost‘classically’urban,evenonthescaleofsmallcitiesandtowns,combinetogenerateamorevirtuouscircle.Wheretherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside,urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems,whilecreatingenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.Inclassicurbanvisions,publicluxuryreplacesprivatizedconsumptionthroughthesocializationofdesireandidentitywithincollectiveurbanspace.Largedomainofpublicornon-profithousingreproduceethnicandincomeheterogeneityatfractalscalesthroughoutthecity.Egalitarianpublicservicesandcityscapesaredesignedwithchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneedsinmind.Democraticcontrolsofferpowerfulcapacitiesforprogressivetaxationandplanning,withhighlevelsofpoliticalmobilizationandcivicparticipation,thepriorityofcivicmemoryoverproprietaryiconsandthespatialintegrationofwork,recreationandhomelife.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.Whyinmanybigcitiesthereareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds?

3.Whatdoestheword“these”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotsynonymoustotheword“virtuous”inthelastparagraph?

5.Whichofthefollowingwillnotbetheoutcomeundertheconditionthattherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheegalitarianaspectsofcitylifeconsistentlyprovidethebestsociologicalandphysicalsupportsforresourceconservationandcarbonmitigation.

B.Becausemassivehorizontalexpansioncombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalserviceswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.

C.Becauseurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources.

D.Becausetherearegrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.urbanareas.

B.Thosefeatures.

C.Thelargestmegacities

D.Vitalnaturalservices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wholesome

B.righteous

C.efficacious

D.pernicious

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.

B.Urbangrowthcancreateenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.

C.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesunaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreineffectively.

D.Urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.作者態(tài)度題。整篇文章作者都是客觀地闡述了大城市的城市化對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞，但是小城市、小鎮(zhèn)的城市化和生態(tài)環(huán)境結(jié)合起來就會(huì)產(chǎn)生良性循環(huán)。其中沒有作者過多個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)。所以對(duì)文中的問題作者持中立的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsov