考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Patientsareexpectedtocomplywithdoctors’instructionsforquickrecovery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.improveon

B.abideby

C.drawupon

D.reflecton

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。complywith表示“遵守，照做”；A項(xiàng)improveon“改進(jìn)，對(duì)……加以改良”，B項(xiàng)abideby“遵守，信守”，C項(xiàng)drawupon“利用，開(kāi)出”，D項(xiàng)reflecton“思考，反省”。句意：希望病人遵照醫(yī)生的指示盡快恢復(fù)。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Nohumanbeingis（

），butAlistairAldingtonmadeveryfewmistakes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallacious

B.false

C.plausible

D.infallible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。fallacious意為“(思想、論據(jù)、道理)謬誤的，錯(cuò)誤的”；false意為“錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的，偽造的”；plausible意為“(借口或解釋)有道理的，花言巧語(yǔ)的”；infallible意為“永無(wú)過(guò)失的，一貫正確的，絕對(duì)可靠的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選D。

句意：沒(méi)有人是永不犯錯(cuò)的，但AlistairAldington很少犯錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Oncethebabyhasmasteredtheideathatspaceisthree-dimensional,it____outandbeginsgraspingvariouskindsofobjects.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouts

B.reaches

C.aims

D.puts

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.shouts（~out）大聲喊出B.reaches（~out）伸出手

C.aims目的是D.puts（~out）熄滅

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞搭配與語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】首先，空格后搭配的介詞為out；其次，后文語(yǔ)義為“開(kāi)始抓取各種物體”，所以B選項(xiàng)reaches“（~out）伸出手”既符合介詞搭配又符合語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)shouts“（~out）大聲喊出”，與后文“抓取”語(yǔ)義銜接不當(dāng)；

C選項(xiàng)aims“目的是”，不與介詞out搭配；

D選項(xiàng)puts“（~out）熄滅”，與原句語(yǔ)義銜接不當(dāng)。

【句意】一旦嬰兒掌握了空間是三維的這一概念，他就會(huì)伸出手去抓各種各樣的物體。

4.單選題

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”，sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

（

）.

4.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

（

）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

C.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.Slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.（據(jù)說(shuō)在英國(guó)死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亞死亡是可選擇的）以及其后介紹的醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，使美國(guó)人在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，預(yù)期壽命幾乎翻了一翻，因此C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人對(duì)他們的醫(yī)療技術(shù)過(guò)于自信”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Deathisnormal...Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.（死亡是正常的……我們要求一切可以為我們做的事情，即使它是無(wú)用的。最明顯的例子是晚期癌癥護(hù)理。醫(yī)生們因無(wú)法治愈疾病而感到沮喪，并且擔(dān)心病人失去希望，他們常常采用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出科學(xué)依據(jù)的極端治療）可知A選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療資源經(jīng)常被浪費(fèi)”符合題意。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Lamm定位到文章第三段中，可知Lamm的觀點(diǎn)是theoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”（年老體弱的人有義務(wù)死亡，以免擋住道路）。由第四段中的Iwouldnotgothatfar...Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.（我不會(huì)走這么遠(yuǎn)……作為一個(gè)只有68歲的人，我希望能像他們一樣富有成效地衰老）和最后一段中的Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful...wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycures（我知道最昂貴和最戲劇性的措施可能是無(wú)效和痛苦的……我們可能為尋求不太可能治愈的方法提供了過(guò)多的資金）可推測(cè)作者基本同意Lamm的觀點(diǎn)，但仍然有所保留，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.（我還知道，日本和瑞典的人們?cè)卺t(yī)療上花費(fèi)更少，他們的壽命比我們的更長(zhǎng)，更健康）可知D選項(xiàng)“更合理”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出盡管有一個(gè)偉大的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系，但死亡不可避免；第二段提出死亡是正常的，但我們卻想盡一切方法來(lái)延緩生命；第三段提出醫(yī)療資源不應(yīng)該被浪費(fèi)在一些沒(méi)有挽救意義的人身上；第四段提出老年人的生活也可以是有價(jià)值的；第五段指出壽命的長(zhǎng)短，依靠的不僅僅是醫(yī)療資源，應(yīng)該合理使用。故本文旨在說(shuō)明人們要勇于接受死亡，因此C選項(xiàng)“死亡應(yīng)該被接受為生活中的事實(shí)”符合題意。

5.單選題

Themissioncontrollerssayitisimportantto________thatthespacepioneersdonotgohungry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.assure

C.becertain

D.bedependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“保證，確?！?；B選項(xiàng)“保證，擔(dān)?！?；C“確信，肯定”；D選項(xiàng)“依靠”。句意：任務(wù)團(tuán)的負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō)：“（）太空航天員不餓肚子是很重要的?！备鶕?jù)句意排除D。

1.assure用來(lái)表示向某人保證某事將要發(fā)生，既可以用來(lái)確證某事，也可以表示使某人確信，assure的賓語(yǔ)通常是人或人稱代詞，如Heassuredusofhisabilitytosolvetheproblem（他向我們保證他有解決這件事的能力）

2.ensure的意思是使某行為或某件事的結(jié)果得以保證，即確保某事發(fā)生（tomakesurethatsth.happens）。ensure后可以直接跟that-clause，并可以用復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Wemustensurethatallpatientshaveaccesstohighqualitycare.（我們必須確保所有的病人都能夠得到高質(zhì)量的護(hù)理。）

3.certain表示某人準(zhǔn)確無(wú)疑的相信某事，如She’sabsolutelycertainshe’sgoingtomakeitintheworld.（她確信自己將享譽(yù)全球。）

6.單選題

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容，二十世紀(jì)五十年代，美國(guó)社會(huì)思想家將民粹主義的陰暗面和反共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行相提并論和比較，說(shuō)明是有共同之處的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，羅金對(duì)李普塞特、福伊爾和希爾斯的方法論進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，最嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)是，二者都沒(méi)有對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)給出證據(jù)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，羅金的總結(jié)是，麥卡錫主義不應(yīng)該被判定為科學(xué)的產(chǎn)物，而是一種保守政治理論。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨題。作者首先提出了麥卡錫主義和民粹主義理論，接著提出羅金對(duì)他們方法論做出了驗(yàn)證，最后表明將麥卡錫主義比作民粹主義的理論不應(yīng)被判定為科學(xué)的產(chǎn)物，而是一種政治領(lǐng)域的探索。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outwards

B.forwards

C.sideways

D.inwards

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)outwards“向外地”，B項(xiàng)forwards“向前，今后”，C項(xiàng)sideways“向側(cè)面地，間接地”，D項(xiàng)inwards“向內(nèi)地，向中心地”。句意：如果你把它斜著轉(zhuǎn)，你就能把桌子穿過(guò)門(mén)。根據(jù)句意可知，edgewise在句中表示“斜著”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與之相近的意思只有C項(xiàng)符合。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“l(fā)ist”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者意圖題。由文章開(kāi)頭“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科學(xué)、技術(shù)和工業(yè)之間的相互關(guān)系在今天被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的——不能完全準(zhǔn)確地概括為“研究和開(kāi)發(fā)”……即使在當(dāng)今這個(gè)大規(guī)模、密集的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)的時(shí)代，這個(gè)過(guò)程中所涉及的相互關(guān)系也常常被誤解?！币约氨疚淖詈笠痪洹癐nsum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科技-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的。”可知作者開(kāi)頭即點(diǎn)明人們對(duì)科學(xué)，技術(shù)，工業(yè)的相互關(guān)系的誤解，最后一句也點(diǎn)明這三者之間正變得越來(lái)越疏遠(yuǎn)。作者的意圖在于澄清人們對(duì)這三者之間的誤解。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義題。由題干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世紀(jì)后期，只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)行業(yè)能夠使用科學(xué)技術(shù)或關(guān)心使用它們。1870年后，這一名單顯著擴(kuò)大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科學(xué)技術(shù)的行業(yè)”。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)試題題。由題干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.盡管如此，到19世紀(jì)中葉，科學(xué)知識(shí)和公眾意識(shí)（如果不是理解的話）的迅速擴(kuò)展使人們相信，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將以某種未指明的方式自動(dòng)地產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。由此可知人們相信科學(xué)進(jìn)步能夠帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要從事基礎(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)，從事以實(shí)際方式應(yīng)用研究的項(xiàng)目。”從事基礎(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也兼顧應(yīng)用研究，可知作者想表明科學(xué)家對(duì)應(yīng)用研究的貢獻(xiàn)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科學(xué)-技術(shù)-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和技術(shù)正變得越來(lái)越分離開(kāi)”與該內(nèi)容相符。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)與此內(nèi)容不符。B項(xiàng)“基本科學(xué)研究不能產(chǎn)生實(shí)際應(yīng)用”文中沒(méi)提到；C項(xiàng)“工業(yè)應(yīng)該在研究和發(fā)展上少花點(diǎn)錢(qián)”文中也沒(méi)提到。

9.單選題

Thechairmanmadea(n)（）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessofthemeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.operational

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。intensive加強(qiáng)的，集中的；intermediate中間的，起媒介作用的；preliminary初步的；operational操作的，運(yùn)行的。句意：主席在開(kāi)始會(huì)議的主要工作之前作了初步發(fā)言。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.單選題

Byafternoon,itwasimpossibleto（）theheat,sowestoppedworkingandwent

inside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mask

B.endure

C.defeat

D.shelter

【答案】B

【解析】句意:到下午了，我們不可能忍受炎熱，因此，我們要停止工作，回到室內(nèi)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。mask掩藏；endure忍耐，容忍；defeat戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗；shelter保護(hù)，庇護(hù)。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)theheat熱度可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Amembershipcard（

）theholdertousetheclub'sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.approves

B.authorizes

C.rectifies

D.endows

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)approve“批準(zhǔn)；贊成；為……提供證據(jù)”；B選項(xiàng)authorize“批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可；授權(quán)給”；C選項(xiàng)rectify“改正；精餾”；D選項(xiàng)endow“賦予；捐贈(zèng)；天生具有”。句意：持有會(huì)員卡的人……在12個(gè)月內(nèi)使用俱樂(lè)部的設(shè)施。有會(huì)員卡的人自然是“被授權(quán)”使用俱樂(lè)部設(shè)施，B選項(xiàng)正有authorizesb.to“授權(quán)某人做……”這一用法。

12.單選題

Notonly（

）metoomuch,butdidn’tdoagoodrepairjob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didhecharge

B.hecharged

C.hehascharged

D.hashecharged

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：他不僅收費(fèi)高，而且修理工作也沒(méi)有做得很好。Not等具有否定意義的詞放于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝，所以排除B、D選項(xiàng)。butalso后面那句話的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以前面的句子也是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此排除D選項(xiàng)，答案選A。

13.單選題

Perhapsallcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile:HandlewithCare.Itwillneverdo,thesedays,togoaroundreferringtocriminalsasviolentthugs.Youmustrefertothempolitelyas“socialmisfits”.Theprofessionalkillerwhowouldn’tthinktwiceaboutusinghiscluborknifetobattersomeharmlessoldladytodeathinordertorobherofhermeagerlife-savingsmustneverbegivenadoseofhisownmedicine.Heisinneedof“hospitaltreatment”.Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyistoblame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.Whenyoulistentothiskindoftalk,itmakesyouwonderwhyaren’tallcriminals.Wehavedoneawaywiththeabsurdlyharshlawsofthenineteenthcenturyandthisisonlyright.Butsurelyenoughisenough.ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberofothercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.

Theviolentcriminalhasbecomeakindofhero-figureinourtime.Heisglorifiedonthescreen;heispursuedbythepressandpaidvastsumsofmoneyforhis“memoirs”.Newspaperswhichspecializeincrimereportingenjoyenormouscirculationsandthepublishersoftrashycopsandrobbersstoriesor“murdermysteries”haveneverhaditsogood.Whenyoureadabouttheachievementsofthegreattrainrobbery,itmakesyouwonderwhetheryouarereadingaboutsomegloriousresistancemovement.Thehardenedcriminaliscuddledandcossetedbythesociologistsontheonehandandadoredasaherobythemassesontheother.It’snowonderheisaprivilegedpersonwhoexpectsandreceivesVIPtreatmentwhereverhegoes.

Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent.Itmadetheviolentrobberthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.Itgavethecold-bloodedprisonersomethingtoponderaboutwhilehewasshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.Itpreventedunarmedpolicemenfrombeingkilledwhilepursuingtheirdutybykillersarmedwithautomaticweapons.Aboveall,itprotectedthemostvulnerablemembersofsociety,youngchildren,frombrutalviolence.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatthecriminalcanliterallygetawaywithmurder.Weallknowthat“l(fā)ifesentence”doesnotmeanwhatitsays.Aftertenyearsorsoofgoodconduct,themostdesperatevillainisfreetoreturntosocietywherehewillliveverycomfortably,thankyou,ontheproceedsofhiscrime,orhewillgooncommittingoffencesuntilheiscaughtagain.

Peoplearealwayswillingtoholdliberalviewsattheexpenseofothers.It’salwaysfashionabletoposeasthedefenderoftheunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfair-play,consultthevictimsbeforetheysuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,youseetheycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sopinion?

2.Thetonetakenbytheauthortowardsthesedefendersofcrimeinthepassageis（

）.

3.“Capitalpunishment”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Allcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile:HandlewithCare.

B.Capitalpunishmentistheonlywaytodetercriminals.

C.Societyistoblame.

D.Allcriminalsneedhospitaltreatment.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ironical.

B.critical.

C.agitated.

D.controversial.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lifesentence.

B.severepunishment

C.fine.

D.sentenceofdeath

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therehasbeenamarkedtrendinsocietytowardsthehumanetreatmentoflessfortunatemembers.

B.Everybodyinsocietythinksitreasonablethatallcriminalsshouldbepunished.

C.Theauthorsympathizeswithallcriminals.

D.Robbersusuallythinktwicebeforeshooting.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Professionalkillersshouldnotbetreatedwithhumanetreatment.

B.Theviolentrobbersshouldthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.

C.Weshouldgivetheprisonertimetoponderaboutwhileheisshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.

D.Severepunishment,evendeathpenalty,shouldbegiventocriminals.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent(死刑是主要的威懾力量),故選B。

2.態(tài)度方向。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至最后:Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheir

desireforfair-play,consultthevictimsbeforetheysuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,youseetheycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead(罪犯的辯護(hù)人認(rèn)為要公平，那是不是在執(zhí)行死刑前要咨詢受害者意見(jiàn)呢？顯然這是不可能的，因?yàn)樗械氖芎φ叨妓懒?。據(jù)此可見(jiàn)作者的預(yù)期是具諷刺意味的。

3.詞義題。“Capitalpunishment”指的是“判死刑”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。B項(xiàng)：大家都認(rèn)為所有罪犯都應(yīng)受到懲罰。文章中并未提到，故排除。C項(xiàng)：作者同情犯罪分子。作者對(duì)犯罪分子的態(tài)度是否定的，故排除。D項(xiàng)：職業(yè)殺手會(huì)三思而后行,與文章內(nèi)容不符。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)全文大意,可知D項(xiàng)(對(duì)犯罪分子要從重處罰，甚至死刑)正確。

14.單選題

Anexistingworkagreement______onAugust14andnegotiationsforanewonehavebrokendown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expires

B.exceeds

C.terminates

D.ceases

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)expire“到期，期滿”，一般指因到期而失效；B項(xiàng)exceed“超過(guò)，勝過(guò)”，C項(xiàng)terminate“結(jié)束，終止”，一般指終止某件事情，相當(dāng)于end；如：Theagreementwasterminatedimmediately.（那項(xiàng)協(xié)議立即被終止了）。D項(xiàng)cease“停止，終了”，指停止某件事情，相當(dāng)于stop，如：Heorderedhismentoceasefire.（他命令手下停止射擊）。根據(jù)句子中表示日期的關(guān)鍵詞August14（8月14日）可知，A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：現(xiàn)有的工作協(xié)議將于8月14日到期，新協(xié)議的談判已經(jīng)破裂。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

TerryWolfischColemayseemlikeanordinary40-year-oldmom,butherneighborsknowthetruth:She’soneofthe“PodPeople.”Atthesupermarketshewanderstheaislesinaself-containedbubble,thankstoheriPoddigitalmusicplayer.Throughthoselittlewhiteearbuds,WolfischColelistenstoaplaylistmixedbyherfavoritediscpresenter—herself.

Athome,whenthekidsaretuckedaway,WolfischColeoftenescapestoanothersolomediapod—butinthisone,she’stransmittinginsteadofjustreceiving.Onhercomputerweblog,or“blog”,shetypesanonlinejournalchroniclingdailynewsofherlife,thensharesitallwiththeWeb.

WolfischCole—whoalsogetsherdailynewscustomizedofftheInternetandwhosedigitalvideorecorder(DVR)scansthroughthetelevisionwastelandtofindandrecordshowsthatsuithertastes—ispartofanewbreedofpeoplewhoarefiltering,shapingandevencreatingmediaforthemselves.Theyareincreasinglyturningtheirbacksontheestablishedsystemofmassmediathathasprovidednewsandentertainmentforthepasthalf-century.They’vejoinedtheexploding“iMedia”revolution,puttingthepowerofmediainthehandsofordinarypeople.

ThetoolsofthemovementconsistofabubblingstewofnewtechnologiesthatincludeiPods,blogs,podcasts,DVRs,customizedonlinenewspapers,andsatelliteradio.

DevoteesofiMediarunthegamut(范圍)fromthe89-year-oldNewYorkgrandmother,knownasBubby,whohastakenupbloggingtoshareherworldlyadvice,to11-year-oldDylanVerdiofTexas,whohasstartedbroadcastingherownhomemadeTVshowor“vlog”,forvideoweblog.InbetweenarecountlessiMediaenthusiastslikeRogiervanBakel,44,ofMaine,whoblogsatnight,readsaWeb—customizednewspageinthemorning,travelswithhisfullyloadediPodandcomeshometowatchwhatevertheDVRhaschosenforhim.

“Iftheoldmediamodelwasbroadcasting,thisnewphenomenonmightbecalledego-casting,”saysChristineRosen,afellowwiththeEthicsandPublicPolicyCenter.“Thetermfits,”shesays,“becausethetrendisallaboutme-me-media—theideaistogetexactlywhatyouwant,whenandwhereyouwantit.”

RosenandotherstracethebeginningsoftheiMediarevolutiontotheinventionoftheTVremote,whic