美國教育(課堂)課件

American

Education15-財政2班魏瑤

王瑩

王馨怡1

AmericanEducation15-財政2班魏瑤TheUnitedStatesisverystrongineducationandshouldershugetaskofeducation.TodiscusseducationintheUnitedStatesisaverycomplicatedproblem,becauseitisamulticulturalcountry.Americaneducationisalsodiversereflectingontheeducation,thereisnounifiednationaleducationsystemintheUnitedStatesandfiftystateshave50differenteducationsystem.ThereisnodoubtthatmangpeoplepaymuchattentiontothesystemofAmericaneducation.ThemajordifferenceineducationsystembetweenAmericanandmostothercountriesisthattheeducationoftheUnitedStatesisforeveryoneinsociety,notonlyforafewpeople.Americaneducationalsystemcanbebestunderstoodasakindofsocialinstitutionsthatreflectthebasicbeliefsandfundamentalprinciplesofthenation,ratherthansimplyakindofskill-trainingplaceswherestudentsarepreparedtogetajob.[1]Allinall,thesystemofAmericaneducationhasitsownspecialfeaturesandattractalotofcountries’attention.22022/11/25TheUnitedStatesisverystroTheHistoryofAmericaneducation3

TheHistoryofAmericaneducaAsoneofthebasiccontentsofsociallife,educationhasacloserelationshipwithonenation’sgrowth.ThereweremanypeoplegraduatedfromOxfordCollegeandCambridgeCollegebetweenthefirstEnglishsettlerstoAmericainthecolonialeraof17thcentury.Itisestimatedthatthereisacollegestudentoutofevery40to50families.Thisimmigrationofhighereducationbackgroundmadethemattachgreatimportancetoeducation.AndtheearlyimmigrantsfromEnglandneededakindofculturetohelpthemunderstandTheBiblebythemselvesbecauseoftheirdevotiontoreligion.ThesetwofactorsmadetheeducationofAmericastart.42022/11/25Asoneofthebasiccontentso

TheGoalsandPurposesofEducation5

TheGoalsandPurposesofEd

Historically,thechiefaimofeducationinearlytimeswasliteracyinorderthatpeoplemightbeabletoreadandwritetheBibleandlaws.Whentherepublicwasfounded,literacywasstillaprimaryobjective,butforthenewpurposeoffulfillingtheobligationsofcitizenshipinthenewcountry.Underthenewsystem,eachindividualcitizenwasobligatedtovoteaccordingtohisownopinionsandconscience,andtotakepartinthediscussionanddecisionmakingatlocal,state,andnationallevels.Asthenationgrewinpopulationandinterritory,asitseconomyexpanded,andparticularlyastheindustrialrevolutionchangedthecomplexityoflifeandcitizenship,educationgrewinimportanceanditsgoalsandpurposesbecamemorediverseandcomprehensive.IftheobjectivesofeducationinAmericaweretobereducedtoasinglesentence,itmightbesummarizedasfollows:tofacilitatethedevelopmentofeachindividualtothemaximumextentofhisorhercapabilityforhisorherownbenefitandthatofsociety.62022/11/25Historically,thechiefaimo

TheStructureofSchoolSystem7

TheStructureofSchoolSyst

TheAmericaneducationofalltypesandatalllevelsjoineachotherinstructureandcommunicatewitheachotherupanddown.Atanyrate,fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege,Americansholdthebeliefthateveryonedeservesafairandequalopportunitytogetagoodeducation,andthatpartoftheresponsibilityofthegovernmentistomakesurethatsuchanopportunityisnotdeniedtoanyoneofthem.[4]Oneofthestrikingfeatures,differAmericaneducationsystemfromotherEuropeancountries’educationsystem,callamonorailsystem.Itformedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandcanbespecificallydividedintothebottom-upstructure:primaryschool,secondaryschool,andthenuniversity."Rail"isthenumberofclassinonegrade.ThecurrentschoolsystemofAmericaeducationalsoreflectsthefeatureofthecombinationofunityanddiversity.Duetoathoroughsystemofdecentralizationineducation,Americahasnounifiednationaleducationalsystem.ThecurrentsystemofAmericaeducationisbasicallyfallenintofollowingparts:elementaryeducationandsecondaryeducationfor12years,4yearsofhighereducation,andgraduateschool,thetotalcourseof20yearsorso.TherearemanydifferentkindsofpreschooleducationinstitutionsinAmerica.Nomatterpublicorprivate,itcanberoughlydividedintonurseryschool(forchildrenaged3~5)andthekindergarten(recruitchildrenaged4~6);Elementaryeducationisdistributedintopubliceducationandprivateeducation,whichpaysattentiontodevelopthepotentialofchildren;Therearemainlyfouryears,sixyearstoconstructandthreekindsofthree-thirdssysteminsecondaryschoolinAmerica.Itsmainpartisthecomprehensiveschoolanditsminorpartarethegeneraleducationandvocationalandtechnicaleducation.Besides,therearealsoseparatesecondaryschools,vocationalandtechnicalschools,saysmiddleschoolandotherhighschool;ThelessonsofhighereducationcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericaaredividedintofourcategories:atwo-yearcollege(communitycollege)(tertiary),liberalartscollege(four-yearcollege),universitiesand.Professionalschools.82022/11/25TheAmericaneducationofall

TheEducationManagement9

TheEducation9

Americaneducationmanagementimplementsthehighdegreeofdecentralization.InAmerica,theeducationmanagementistheresponsibilityofthestateorlocalgovernment,ratherthanthefederalgovernment.Asearlyasin1791,the10thamendmentoftheconstitutionofAmericahasbeendefined,thefederalgovernmentdoesnothavethepermissiontomanageeducationandeducationischargedbythestates.ThepowersoftheministryofeducationinAmericanfederalgovernmentareverylimited,whosemainresponsibilityistodistributeeducationgrantstothestatesaccordingtotheintentionsofcongress,aswellasofferscholarshipstoAmericandomesticstudents.ThestatesofAmericaareequippedwiththeeducationministerwhoareinchargeofdrawingupthestate'seducationpolicyandleadthesubordinateorganizationstoimplementthesepolicies.Whileaccordingtothestatelaw,allstatesmostlygivethemanagementrightofpublicschooltothelocalschooldistricts,inadditiontosetupthestateboardofeducationandmakethebasicpolicyofeducation’sdevelopment.Therefore,themanagementrightofelementaryeducationandsecondaryeducationactuallybelongstothelocalschooldistrictsandthelocalpublicschoolmanagementsysteminwhichtheschooldistrictplaystheleadingrolehabeenestablished.[6]Americanuniversitiesallhavetheirowncharacteristicsandtheyaredifferentfromtheteachingguidelines,professionalSettings,testprojecttosmallprobl102022/11/25Americaneducationmanagement112022/11/25112022/11/22

12

12TheeducationmethodsofWesterncountriesareclosetonatureandmoreclosertothesociety.InChina,thepurposeofeducationistopassschoolexamsandhaveathoroughunderstandingofknowledgewhilethewesternstudentspaymoreattentiontoabilityofpracticeandexercise.ThestudyofAmericanstudentsismainlytoexploreanddevelopstudents'innovativethinking.TheadvantageofAmericaneducationistopaymoreattentiontothestudents'abilityofindependentthinking,theirwayofthinkingtotheproblemandcultivatestudents'abilityofdialecticalthinking.Thiscanpreparewellforenteringthesocietywhichattachesimportancetotheinnovativethinking.Itseducationgoalisadaptedtotherequirementsofcreatingasocietywithtalentintensive.ThereisnodoubtthattheeducationsystemofChinaandAmericaisdifferent.Thedifferencesareasfollows:Firstly,theteachinggoalofthesetwocountries’elementaryeducationisdifferent.China'sprimaryeducationwilldevelopchildren’sintelligenceandthechildrentakeshighmarksasaprimarygoal,whileinAmerica,itsonlypurposeistocultivatechildren’screativity;Secondly,theattitudestowardsperformancearedifferent.ForChinesechildren,abadreportcardwillmakehimorherreceivepressurefromallsides.However,theyear-endreportcardsofstudentsinAmericaaretheirownprivategoods.Parentsalsowon'tgivetoomuchpressuretotheirchildrenandabilitiesintheirheartaremoreimportantthanscores;Lastly,therearedifferencesbetweenthetwocountriesinknowledgeview.China'seducationpaysattentiontotheaccumulationofknowledge,cultivatethestudents'respectforknowledgeandauthority,theinheritanceofknowledgeandtheconstructionofknowledgesystem.America’seducationattachesmuchimportancetotrainstudents'practicaluseofknowledge,theircriticalspirittotheknowledgeandauthorityandtheexpansionandcreationofknowledge.Thesetwodifferentwaysofeducationexpresstheirdifferentattitudetowardsknowledge.132022/11/25TheeducationmethodsofWesteuniversityinAmerica14

universityinAmerica14HarvardCollegewasfoundedasearlyas1636,onlyfifteenyearsafterthePilgrimFathershadlandedintheNewWorld.WilliamMaryuniversitywasbuiltin1639andYaleuniversitywasestablishedin1701.Before1776whenAmericadeclaredindependencefromGreatBritain,eightothercollegescameintoexistence.AlltheseindicatethatAmericanshaveshownagreatconcernforeducationsinceearlycolonialtimes.Between1825and1850,publiceducationwasestablishedinAmerica.AllstateswerebuiltbasiceducationsystemwhichwasopentoallchildrenStatesandwithoutreligiousdiscriminationandthebasisofeconomicconditions.ManypublicuniversitiesandcollegesalsoappearedandtheyenrichedtheeducationofAmericaalongwithalargenumberofprivatecolleges.152022/11/25HarvardCollegewasfoundedasHarvard

162022/11/25Harvard162022/11/22

Yaleuniversity172022/11/25Yaleuniversity172022/11/22WilliamMaryuniversity182022/11/25WilliamMaryuniversity18202Allinall,educationisaculturalphenomenon,differenteducationreflectsdifferentculturalconnotations.TheeducationmethodoreducationsystemwhichissuitableforthesocietyoftheAmericamaybenotadapttoChina'scurrentsocialeducationsystem.whatweneedisthecombinationoflocalizationandinternationalizationofmoderneducation.192022/11/25Allinall,educationisaculThankyou!20

Thankyou!20American

Education15-財政2班魏瑤

王瑩

王馨怡21

AmericanEducation15-財政2班魏瑤TheUnitedStatesisverystrongineducationandshouldershugetaskofeducation.TodiscusseducationintheUnitedStatesisaverycomplicatedproblem,becauseitisamulticulturalcountry.Americaneducationisalsodiversereflectingontheeducation,thereisnounifiednationaleducationsystemintheUnitedStatesandfiftystateshave50differenteducationsystem.ThereisnodoubtthatmangpeoplepaymuchattentiontothesystemofAmericaneducation.ThemajordifferenceineducationsystembetweenAmericanandmostothercountriesisthattheeducationoftheUnitedStatesisforeveryoneinsociety,notonlyforafewpeople.Americaneducationalsystemcanbebestunderstoodasakindofsocialinstitutionsthatreflectthebasicbeliefsandfundamentalprinciplesofthenation,ratherthansimplyakindofskill-trainingplaceswherestudentsarepreparedtogetajob.[1]Allinall,thesystemofAmericaneducationhasitsownspecialfeaturesandattractalotofcountries’attention.222022/11/25TheUnitedStatesisverystroTheHistoryofAmericaneducation23

TheHistoryofAmericaneducaAsoneofthebasiccontentsofsociallife,educationhasacloserelationshipwithonenation’sgrowth.ThereweremanypeoplegraduatedfromOxfordCollegeandCambridgeCollegebetweenthefirstEnglishsettlerstoAmericainthecolonialeraof17thcentury.Itisestimatedthatthereisacollegestudentoutofevery40to50families.Thisimmigrationofhighereducationbackgroundmadethemattachgreatimportancetoeducation.AndtheearlyimmigrantsfromEnglandneededakindofculturetohelpthemunderstandTheBiblebythemselvesbecauseoftheirdevotiontoreligion.ThesetwofactorsmadetheeducationofAmericastart.242022/11/25Asoneofthebasiccontentso

TheGoalsandPurposesofEducation25

TheGoalsandPurposesofEd

Historically,thechiefaimofeducationinearlytimeswasliteracyinorderthatpeoplemightbeabletoreadandwritetheBibleandlaws.Whentherepublicwasfounded,literacywasstillaprimaryobjective,butforthenewpurposeoffulfillingtheobligationsofcitizenshipinthenewcountry.Underthenewsystem,eachindividualcitizenwasobligatedtovoteaccordingtohisownopinionsandconscience,andtotakepartinthediscussionanddecisionmakingatlocal,state,andnationallevels.Asthenationgrewinpopulationandinterritory,asitseconomyexpanded,andparticularlyastheindustrialrevolutionchangedthecomplexityoflifeandcitizenship,educationgrewinimportanceanditsgoalsandpurposesbecamemorediverseandcomprehensive.IftheobjectivesofeducationinAmericaweretobereducedtoasinglesentence,itmightbesummarizedasfollows:tofacilitatethedevelopmentofeachindividualtothemaximumextentofhisorhercapabilityforhisorherownbenefitandthatofsociety.262022/11/25Historically,thechiefaimo

TheStructureofSchoolSystem27

TheStructureofSchoolSyst

TheAmericaneducationofalltypesandatalllevelsjoineachotherinstructureandcommunicatewitheachotherupanddown.Atanyrate,fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege,Americansholdthebeliefthateveryonedeservesafairandequalopportunitytogetagoodeducation,andthatpartoftheresponsibilityofthegovernmentistomakesurethatsuchanopportunityisnotdeniedtoanyoneofthem.[4]Oneofthestrikingfeatures,differAmericaneducationsystemfromotherEuropeancountries’educationsystem,callamonorailsystem.Itformedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandcanbespecificallydividedintothebottom-upstructure:primaryschool,secondaryschool,andthenuniversity."Rail"isthenumberofclassinonegrade.ThecurrentschoolsystemofAmericaeducationalsoreflectsthefeatureofthecombinationofunityanddiversity.Duetoathoroughsystemofdecentralizationineducation,Americahasnounifiednationaleducationalsystem.ThecurrentsystemofAmericaeducationisbasicallyfallenintofollowingparts:elementaryeducationandsecondaryeducationfor12years,4yearsofhighereducation,andgraduateschool,thetotalcourseof20yearsorso.TherearemanydifferentkindsofpreschooleducationinstitutionsinAmerica.Nomatterpublicorprivate,itcanberoughlydividedintonurseryschool(forchildrenaged3~5)andthekindergarten(recruitchildrenaged4~6);Elementaryeducationisdistributedintopubliceducationandprivateeducation,whichpaysattentiontodevelopthepotentialofchildren;Therearemainlyfouryears,sixyearstoconstructandthreekindsofthree-thirdssysteminsecondaryschoolinAmerica.Itsmainpartisthecomprehensiveschoolanditsminorpartarethegeneraleducationandvocationalandtechnicaleducation.Besides,therearealsoseparatesecondaryschools,vocationalandtechnicalschools,saysmiddleschoolandotherhighschool;ThelessonsofhighereducationcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericaaredividedintofourcategories:atwo-yearcollege(communitycollege)(tertiary),liberalartscollege(four-yearcollege),universitiesand.Professionalschools.282022/11/25TheAmericaneducationofall

TheEducationManagement29

TheEducation9

Americaneducationmanagementimplementsthehighdegreeofdecentralization.InAmerica,theeducationmanagementistheresponsibilityofthestateorlocalgovernment,ratherthanthefederalgovernment.Asearlyasin1791,the10thamendmentoftheconstitutionofAmericahasbeendefined,thefederalgovernmentdoesnothavethepermissiontomanageeducationandeducationischargedbythestates.ThepowersoftheministryofeducationinAmericanfederalgovernmentareverylimited,whosemainresponsibilityistodistributeeducationgrantstothestatesaccordingtotheintentionsofcongress,aswellasofferscholarshipstoAmericandomesticstudents.ThestatesofAmericaareequippedwiththeeducationministerwhoareinchargeofdrawingupthestate'seducationpolicyandleadthesubordinateorganizationstoimplementthesepolicies.Whileaccordingtothestatelaw,allstatesmostlygivethemanagementrightofpublicschooltothelocalschooldistricts,inadditiontosetupthestateboardofeducationandmakethebasicpolicyofeducation’sdevelopment.Therefore,themanagementrightofelementaryeducationandsecondaryeducationactuallybelongstothelocalschooldistrictsandthelocalpublicschoolmanagementsysteminwhichtheschooldistrictplaystheleadingrolehabeenestablished.[6]Americanuniversitiesallhavetheirowncharacteristicsandtheyaredifferentfromtheteachingguidelines,professionalSettings,testprojecttosmallprobl302022/11/25Americaneducationmanagement312022/11/25112022/11/22

32

12TheeducationmethodsofWesterncountriesareclosetonatureandmoreclosertothesociety.InChina,thepurposeofeducationistopassschoolexamsandhaveathoroughunderstandingofknowledgewhilethewesternstudentspaymoreattentiontoabilityofpracticeandexercise.ThestudyofAmericanstudentsismainlytoexploreanddevelopstudents'innovativethinking.TheadvantageofAmericaneducationistopaymoreattentiontothestudents'abilityofindependentthinking,theirwayofthinkingtotheproblemandcultivatestudents'abilityofdialecticalthinking.Thiscanpreparewellforenteringthesocietywhichattachesimportancetotheinnovativethinking.Itseducationgoalisadaptedtotherequirementsofcreatingasocietywithtalentintensive.ThereisnodoubtthattheeducationsystemofChinaandAmericaisdifferent.Thedifferencesareasfollows:Firstly,theteachinggoalofthesetwocountries’elementaryeducationisdifferent.China'sprimaryeducationwilldevelopchildren’sintelligenceandthechildrentakeshighmarksasaprimarygoal,whileinAmerica,itsonlypurposeistocultivatechildren’screativity;Secondly,theattitudestowardsperformancearedifferent.ForChinesechildren,abadreportcardwillmakehimorherreceivepressurefromallsides.However,theyear-endreportcardsofstudentsinAmericaaretheirownprivategoods.Parentsalsowon'tgivetoomuchpressuretotheirchildrenandabilitiesintheirheartaremoreimportantthanscores;Las