獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完美總結(jié)(附習(xí)題)

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完美總結(jié)(附習(xí)題)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完美總結(jié)(附習(xí)題)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完美總結(jié)(附習(xí)題)xxx公司獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完美總結(jié)(附習(xí)題)文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法說明與注意點一、有關(guān)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的基本概念獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語），加上一個形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等在句中作狀語。它有以下三個特點：1.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2.名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。3.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形式獨立主格類型1：名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞Thequestionbeingsettled,wewenthome.問題解決之后，我們就回家了。Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weatherpermitting.明天假設(shè)天氣好，我們就進行比賽。Themonitorbeingill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff.班長病了，我們最好還是延期開會吧。

獨立主格類型2：名詞（代詞）+過去分詞Thejobfinished,wewenthome.工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.最后一班公車已經(jīng)走了，我們必須走路回家。Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.如果給我們更多的時間，我們會把工作做得更好。

獨立主格類型3：名詞（代詞）+不定式Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會議推遲到下周。Somanypeopletohelphim,heissuretosucceed.有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。

獨立主格類型4：名詞（代詞）+介詞短語Thesoldiersdashedin,rifleinhand.士兵們端著槍沖了進來。Agirlcamein,bookinhand.一個少女進來了，手里拿著書。Hewaswaiting,hiseyesonherback.他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。

獨立主格類型5：名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。Shesatatthetable,collaroff,headdown,andpeninposition,readytobeginthelongletter.她坐在桌前，衣領(lǐng)已解掉，頭低了下來，拿好鋼筆，準備開始寫一封長信。

獨立主格類型6：Therebeing+名詞（代詞）Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。

獨立主格類型7：Itbeing+名詞（代詞）ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機關(guān)都休息。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。說明：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時可在其前加上介詞with。如：Don’tsleepwiththewindowsopen.別開著窗睡覺。Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.他低著頭站在老師面前。Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.他和衣躺在床上。Shecameinwithabookinherhand.她手里拿著一本書走了進來。Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.他沒熄燈就睡著了。Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.因為媽媽有病，我無法去度假。Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.他閉目坐在那兒。Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了.三、英語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句或并列句。 1.用作時間狀語Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome.工作完成后，我們就回家了。2.用作條件狀語Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。3.用作原因狀語Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.因為明天要發(fā)表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。4.用作伴隨狀語Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。5.表示補充說明Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold(=andhisfacewasredwithcold).一個獵人走了進來，他的臉凍得通紅。Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。注：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時間、條件或原因時，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補充說明時，相當(dāng)于一個并列句，通常放于句末。

四、使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾點注意1.當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了課室。2.在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略：(1)獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如:ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因為是星期天，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。(2)在Therebeing＋名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。在“名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走進了課室，手里拿著一本書。比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.4.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式。如：Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主編來了，我們開始開會。比較動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.5.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時間或原因狀語時，可用完成時，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語之前。如：Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.聽眾坐好后，音樂會開始了。Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動詞用法

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式是“名詞或代詞+形容詞（副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞等）”。本文主要歸納“名詞或代詞+非謂語動詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。1.名詞或代詞+不定式其中的不定式通常表示尚未發(fā)生或即將要發(fā)生的動作。如：Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會議推遲到下周。Somanypeopletohelphim,heissuretosucceed.有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。Wedividedthework,hetodeanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.我們分了工，他擦窗戶，我掃地。2.名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞其中的現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動作正在進行（或當(dāng)時正在進行）。如：Sheranuptome,herhairflyinginthewind.她向我跑來，秀發(fā)在風(fēng)中飄揚著。Weexploredthecaves,Peteractingasaguide.由彼得作向?qū)?，我們探查了那些洞穴。Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。注：有時現(xiàn)在分詞不表示進行，而表示一般情況。如：Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,it’swindowoverlookingthesportsground.他們的房間在三層樓上，窗戶俯視著操場。3.名詞或代詞+過去分詞其中的過去分詞通常表示被動意義。如：Everyonehelped,Johnnotexcepted.大家都來幫忙，約翰也不例外。Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.積蓄全部用完了，我們就開始找工作。Thisdone,theynextsettocleantheroom.做完這件事之后，他們接下來就開始清理房間。Shegazed,herhandsclaspedtoherbreast.她凝視著，雙手叉在胸前?！粳F(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】11.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_________inayear.A.follows B.followed C.tofollow D.beingfollowed2.Allthings_________,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.A.considered

B.considering C.toconsider D.beingconsidered3.Theriver_________inthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.A.torise B.rose C.havingrisen D.beingrisen4.Moretime_________,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.A.togive B.give C.beinggiven D.given5.Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weather_________.(frompermits B.permitting C.topermit D.permitted6.Themonitor_________ill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff.A.being B.tobe C.been D.tohavebeen7.Animportantlecture_________giventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.A.tobe B.being C.been D.tohavebeen8.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishands_________underhishead.A.tocross B.crossed C.crossing D.tobecrossing9.Tom_________lateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.A.havingbeen

B.been C.tobe D.tobeing10.Otherthings_________equal,Iwouldbuytheblackdressnotthewhiteone.A.being B.tobe C.been D.havingbeen

【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】21.Anewtechnique_______,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.A)workingoutC)havingbeenworkedoutB)havingworkedoutD)tohavebeenworkedout2.Allthings_______,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A)consideredB)beconsideredC)consideringD)havingconsidered3.Allflights_______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A)hadbeencanceledB)havebeencanceledC)werecanceledD)havingbeencanceled4.Somanydirectors_______,theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff.A)wereabsentB)beenabsentC)hadbeenabsentD)beingabsent5.Allthetasks_______aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek.A)beenfulfilledB)havingbeenfulfilledC)werefulfilledD)hadbeenfulfilled6.Allflights_______becauseoftheterribleweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain.A)havingbeencanceledC)havingcanceledB)hadbeencanceledD)werecanceledspeech_______,alivelydiscussionstarted.A)beingdeliveredB)wasdeliveredC)bedeliveredD)havingbeendelivered8.Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper_______itclosely.A)followedB)followingC)tofollowD)beingfollowing9._______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A)OtherthingsbeingequalC)TobeequaltootherthingsB)WereotherthingsequalD)Otherthingstobeequal10.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience_______onbenches，chairsorhavingseatedB)seatingC)seatedD)havingbeenseated11._______thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn'tgoonwiththeexperiment.A)SinceB)ForC)AsD)With12._______intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A)beingthefourthbiggestcityB)ItwasoncethefourthbiggestcityC)OncethefourthbiggestcityD)Thefourthbiggestcityitwas【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】31.Themeeting____over,wealllefttheroom.（上海1987）A.isB.tobeC.beingD.wouldbe2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,it___themostpopularsportintheworld.（NMET1998）A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake3.___suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.（NMET2001）A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered4.Thefish____bad,thechildrenleftmuchofit.A.tasted,untouchedB.tasting,untouchedC.tasting,untouchingD.tasted,untouchingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.WhenyoujudgedD.Becauseyoujudge6.Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork______,wedidn’taccepttheoffer.beingfinishedhavingfinishednotbeenfinishednotfinishedarevariouskindsofmetals,each______itsownproperties(特性).haveoldmanstoodunderabigtree,______.pipeinmouthapipeinmouthinmouthinhismouthproduction______steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial.goneupgoingupgoneupgoneup獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)鞏固練習(xí)11.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.Becausetherebeingwere2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.

A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting,weallwenthomehappily.

A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid

4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.

A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItfineweatherC.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather

5.____,thebusstartedatonce.

A.ThesignalwasgivenB.ThesignalgivingC.ThesignalgivenD.Whenthesignalgiven

6.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.

A.tears'rollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown7.____,theleavesareturninggreen.

A.WhenspringcomingonB.Springcomingon

C.SpringcameonD.Springbeingcomeon8._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.

A.MydictionarylosingB.MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC.MydictionaryhadbeenlostD.Becausemydictionarylost9.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.

A.openedB.openC.openingDtoopen10.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.

A.AgunonshoulderB.Agunwasonhisshoulder

C.GunonshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder11.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.

A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through12.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.

A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo

13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.

A.tremblingB.trembledC.weretremblingD.weretrembling

14._____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.

A.AllthingsconsideringB.AllthingsconsideredC.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withallthingswereconsidered15.______,wewillsurelysucceed.

A.TheteacherhelpingusB.TheteachertohelpusC.TheteacherwillhelpusD.Withtheteacherhelping獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)鞏固練習(xí)2thiefstoodbeforethepoliceman,____admittingwhathehaddone.hisdroopingheadhisheadhisheadhisheaddown,hecan'tgooutforawalkasusual.somuchworktodosomuchworkdoingsomuchworkdonesomuchworktodo'squitestrangethatthemansleepswithhismouth_______andhiseyes__________.;open;opened;open;openingthings__________,theplantripwillhavetobecalledoff.consideredconsidering,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway.therewasnotimeleftisnotimeleftbeingnotimelefttobenotimeleftyesterday,wewentoutforawalk.afinedaywasafinedaybeingafinedayitwasafinedayoldmanstoodthere,__________.backagainstthewallhisbackagainstthewallbackagainstwallbackagainstwall獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)鞏固練習(xí)31.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.Becausetherebeing2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting3._____,weallwenthomehappily.A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItfineweatherC.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather5.____,thebusstartedatonce.A.ThesignalwasgivenB.ThesignalgivingC.ThesignalgivenD.Whenthesignalgiven6.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.A.tears'rollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown7.____,theleavesareturninggreen.A.WhenspringcomingonB.SpringcomingonC.SpringcameonD.Springbeingcomeon8._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.A.MydictionarylosingB.MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC.MydictionaryhadbeenlostD.Becausemydictionarylost9.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.A.openedB.openC.openingDtoopen10.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.A.AgunonshoulderB.AgunwasonhisshoulderC.GunonshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder11.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through12.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.A.tremblingB.trembledC.weretremblingD.weretrembling14._____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.AllthingsconsideringB.AllthingsconsideredC.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withallthingswereconsidered15.______,wewillsurelysucceed.A.TheteacherhelpingusB.TheteachertohelpusC.TheteacherwillhelpusD.Withtheteacherhelping獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)鞏固練習(xí)41.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.Becausetherebeingwere2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.

A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting,weallwenthomehappily.

A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid

4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.

A.Itbeingfineweather

B.Itfineweather

C.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather

5.____,thebusstartedatonc