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7/7華南師范大學(xué)英研初試2021年真題(基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ))2011年華南師范大學(xué)外文學(xué)院碩士研究生入學(xué)考試
考試科目:基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)
考試時(shí)間:180分鐘
PartAReadingComprehension(40points)
PassageA
(這PassageA實(shí)在是沒(méi)有辦法找到啊,估計(jì)被出卷子的老師狠狠編輯過(guò)了。)
PassageB
TheinfantdeathrateforAfricanAmericansinWashingtonDCishigherthanthatinthecitiesoftheIndianstateofKaralla,theUnitedNationshaswarnedaspartofadamningreviewofpovertyandinequalityaroundtheworld.
Publishedaheadofnextweek’ssummitinNewYorktoreviewprogressinmeetinggoalstohalveextremepovertyby2015,theUN'shumandevelopmentreportsays:UShealthindicatorsarefarbelowthosethatmightbeexpectedonthebasisofnationalwealth.
Thereport,publishedbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),saystheoutcomeisduepartlytopersistentandextremedisparitiesbetweenpeoplefromdifferentsocialandethnicgroups,asshownbyrecentimagesofpoorblackpeoplestrandedinNewOrleansbyHurricaneKatrina.
ThefindingsreflectanewfocusbytheUNupondifferenceswithincountriesaswellasbetweencountries,aspolicymakerstrytothinkofnewwaystoachievethemillenniumdevelopmentgoals(MDGs),agreedin2000.
IndiaandChina,whichhavebothenjoyedsustainedeconomicgrowth,faceworryingchallenges.Thereareworryingindicationsthatsocialprogressisstartingtolagbehindeconomicperformance,withtheslowdownintherateofreductioninchilddeathsaspecialconcern.
TheUNnotesthatChinaspends5percentofitsGDPonhealth,butpublicspendingnowamountstolessthan2percentofGDP.
Theerosionofpublicfunding,itsays,hasresultedinamismatchbetweenneedandprovision,withpercapitaspendinginurbanareas3.5timesthatinruralareas.
Between70and80percentoftheruralpopulationhavenohealthinsurance.ChildrenlivinginthepoorestpartsofruralChinafacefargreaterhealthrisks,andthegapiswidening.Themortalityrateforunder-five-year-oldsrangesfrom8per1,000inBeijing(comparabletothe
US),to60inthepoorestpartsofGuizhou(comparabletoNamibia).
(這一篇閱讀理解考查的題型就是10道選擇題,外加一道問(wèn)答題。選擇題每道一分,那道問(wèn)答題是5分。選擇題部分實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法弄到,Sorry,只有本篇文章的譯文送上,自己對(duì)照一下看有沒(méi)有理解不對(duì)的地方。此外,那道問(wèn)答題問(wèn)的是:Whatdoesthisarticlebelongto?Narration,descriptionorexposition?Giveyourreason.關(guān)于這道問(wèn)答題的答法請(qǐng)參閱“閱讀理解答題技巧”。)
PassageC
Formillionsofyearsbeforedieappearanceofdieelectriclight,shiftwork,all-nightcableTVanddieInternet,earth'screaturesevolvedonaplanetwithpredictableandreassuring24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetforthisdailycycle.Simply,ourbodieswanttosleepatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenandmenneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperlythroughouttheirlives.(Contrarytopopularbelief,humansdon’tneedlesssleepastheyage.)
Butonaverage,Americanssleeponlyaboutsevenandahalfhourpernight,amarkeddropfromtheninehourstheyaveragedin1910.What'sworse,nearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeople,that'snotnearlyenough.
Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezoneorbyworkingnights.Dr.JamesF.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearchCenterinDenversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosedasotherdiscomforts.Aboutonethirdofthepatientsreferredtohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndromeactuallyhavetreatablesleepdisorders.“Beforewedoanythingelse,welookattheirsleep,”Jonessays.
Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeoplewouldbenefitfromagoodlookattheirsleeppatterns.Mymottois'Sleepdefensively',"saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedtocarveoutsufficienttimetosleep,evenifitmeansgivingupotherthings.Sleeproutines--l/iregoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday--areimportant.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithEisner,whousedtosufferfromsleeplessness,afewlifestylechanges—avoidingstimulantsandlatemeals,exercisinghoursbeforebedtime,relaxingwithahotbath—yieldbettersleep.
1.WhatisTRUEofhumansleep?
A.Onaverage,peopleintheU.S.todaysleeplesspernightthantheyusedto.
B.Formostpeople,lessthansixhoersofsleeponatypicalworknightisenough,
C.Mostpeopleneedlesssleepwhentheygrowolder.
D.Mostpeopleneedsevenandahalfhemsofsleepeverynight
2.Forourbodiestofunctionproperly,weshould_______.
A.adjustouractivitiestothenewinventions
B.beabletopredicttherhythmsofourbiologicalclocks
C.sleepforatleasteighthourspernight
D.believethatweneedlesssleepasweage
3.Accordingtotheauthor,manysleepingdisordersarecausedby
_______.
A.impropersleeppatterns
B.chronicfatiguesyndrome
C.otherdiseases
D.pre-bedtimeexercises
4.Whichofthefollowingmeasurescanhelpyousleepbetter?
A.Havinglatemeals.
B.Travelingbetweentimezones
C.Stayinguplate.
D.Takingahotbath.
5."Sleepdefensively"meansthat
A.peopleshouldsacrificeotherthingstogettingenoughsleepifnecessary
B.peopleshouldgiveupgoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday.
C.peopleshouldgotoadoctorandhavetheirproblemsdiagnosed
D.peopleshouldexerciseimmediatelybeforegoingtobedeverynight
PartB:Cloze(35points)
(Sorry啊,完形填空這個(gè)部分也沒(méi)找出來(lái),不過(guò)聽(tīng)說(shuō)還是蠻簡(jiǎn)單的。完形題型跟2012年模擬題里面的一樣,敬請(qǐng)參閱。)
PartC:Errorcorrection(18*2=35points)
(Sorryagain,真是囧,為什么我這么喜歡說(shuō)Sorry呢?改錯(cuò)題型跟跟2012年模擬題里面的一樣,敬請(qǐng)參閱。)
PartD:GeneralknowledgeaboutEnglish-speakingcountries.(40points)(40points)
A.MultipleChoices(10points)
(1)WhichofthefollowinganimalsrepresentsDemocraticPartyinU.S.?
A.Elephant
B.Donkey
C.Monkey
D.Tiger
(2)WhoisthefirsttosendatelegraphfromNewYork?
A.ThomasEdison
B.RobertHutchingsGoddard
C.TheStevens
D.SamuelF.B.Morse
(3)WhichistherepresentativeworksofHarrietBeecherStowe?
A.UncleTom’sCabin
B.SisterCarrie
C.CalloftheWild
D.TheGreatGatsby
(4)WhopromotedtheNewDeal?
A.FranklinRoosevelt
B.ThomasJefferson
C.GeorgeWashington
D.AbrahamLincoln
(5)WhoisthepresidentofAmericawhentheKoreaWarbrokeout?
A.DwightEisenhower
B.FranklinRoosevelt
C.HarrySTruman
D.RichardNixon
(6)WhichofthefollowingpresidentswasinvolvedintheWatergateAffair?
A.HarrySTruman
B.FranklinRoosevelt
C.RichardNixon
D.DwightEisenhower
(7)WhatdoesthePentagonstandforinU.S.A.?
A.Economy
B.Defense
D.CultureD.Science
(8)WhichpartofAmericangovernmenthastherighttodeclarewar?
A.theSenate
B.theHouseofRepresentatives
C.thePentagon
D.thePresident
(9)WhatisthemarkoftheColdWar?
A.Pre-emption
B.TrumanDoctrine
C.StarWar
D.VietnamWar
(10)(Sorry,這題找不到)
B.BlankFilling
(1)The19thcenturyisthegoldenperiodoftheromanticnovels,representedby
JaneAustinand________Bronte.
(2)________,alsocalledtheBigWheel,madeitsfirstfightin2000.
(3)TherearethreemainpartiesinUK:_________,_________and________.
(4)________isagreatdiscoverybyIssacNewton.
(5)________isakindofmusicwhichcombinespianoandjazz.
(6)CharlesDarwinputforwardsthefamous“__________”.
(7)Listtwowell-knownpublicschoolsinUK:__________and________.
C.ShortAnswerforQuestions
Answerthefollowingquestionswithnomorethan200words.
1.AnAmericanteacherwasdisputingwithhisBritishcolleagues,andhe
wantedtoveerthetopicbysaying,“Let’stablethisissueforawhile.”Buttohissurprise,thecolleagueswentontheissue.Herecomesthequestion:AretheBritishcolleaguesreallyinconsiderate?
2.Youhavejustdoneadealandhappilygavesuchagesturewithyourhand:
a“V”withthepalmfacingyourself.ButyourBritishfriendslookedpuzzled.
What’swrong?
3.OneSaturdayyouwanderednearyourAmericanfriend’sandstoppedby.
Yourfriendwasastonished,“Whatareyoudoinghere?”,showingnosignalofinvitingyouintohishouse.Youwondered:Don’tyouoftensay,“Stopbywhenyouarenear”?
4.Youjustheardofitthatyourmotherfellill.Whenyougotoworkandyour
Americanfriendaskyou,“Howareyou?”Whatwillyousay?
5.Whatis"ScottishPlay"?whatis"BoxingDay"?
參考答案
)
參考譯文
聯(lián)合國(guó)警告說(shuō),美國(guó)首都華盛頓特區(qū)非裔美國(guó)人的嬰兒死亡率高于印度喀拉拉邦各城市。該警告是聯(lián)合國(guó)評(píng)估世界各地貧窮和不平等現(xiàn)象報(bào)告的一部分,聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象表示強(qiáng)烈不滿。
這份報(bào)告指出:“美國(guó)的健康指標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于根據(jù)國(guó)家富裕程度所預(yù)期的水平。”此前聯(lián)合國(guó)曾制定目標(biāo),希望到2015年將極端貧困人口減半。下周聯(lián)合國(guó)將在紐約召開(kāi)峰會(huì),回顧實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展。在峰會(huì)前,聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)表了這份人類(lèi)發(fā)展報(bào)告。
聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署(UNDP)發(fā)布的這份報(bào)告表示,這種結(jié)果部分是由于不同的社會(huì)群體和族裔群體之間存在著“持久的”和“極端的”不平等。最近美國(guó)新奧爾良的貧窮黑人因颶風(fēng)卡特里娜受困的景象就表明了這一點(diǎn)。
該報(bào)告的結(jié)論反映了聯(lián)合國(guó)在貧困問(wèn)題上的新的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn):不僅關(guān)注國(guó)家之間的不平等,而且也關(guān)注國(guó)家內(nèi)部的不平等。目前,各國(guó)的政策制定者試圖想出新方法,以實(shí)現(xiàn)2000年達(dá)成的千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)(MDGs)。
印度和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),但也面臨令人擔(dān)憂的挑戰(zhàn)。聯(lián)合國(guó)的這份報(bào)告說(shuō):“有令人擔(dān)心的跡象表明,社會(huì)發(fā)展正開(kāi)始落后于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn),兒童死亡率下降速度放緩尤為令人擔(dān)心?!?/p>
聯(lián)合國(guó)指出,中國(guó)花費(fèi)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的5%用于健康醫(yī)療,但公共支出目前占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比例不足2%。
報(bào)告稱(chēng),公共資金被侵蝕,已導(dǎo)致“需求和供給之間的錯(cuò)配”,城市人均支出是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的3.5倍。
70%和80%之間的農(nóng)村人口沒(méi)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。居住在中國(guó)農(nóng)村最貧困地區(qū)的兒童面臨更大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并且城鄉(xiāng)差距在擴(kuò)大。舉例來(lái)說(shuō),在北京,五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之八(與美國(guó)相當(dāng)),但在貴州最貧困的地區(qū),五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之六十(與納米比亞相當(dāng))。
3.A
4.D
5.A
PartD:GeneralknowledgeaboutEnglish-speakingcountries.(40points)
A.MultipleChoices
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.C
7.B
8.D
9.B10.無(wú)
B.BlankFilling
(1)Emily/Charlotte(任選一個(gè))
(2)EnglishairwaysCorporation
(3)LaborParty,ConservativeParty,LiberalDemocrats
(4)Lawofgravity
(5)Ragtime
(6)SurvivaloftheFittest
(7)Eton,Winchester
C.ShortAnswerforQuestions
(今年的簡(jiǎn)答題真的是出乎了N多人的意料,因?yàn)槌说谖孱}還可以在書(shū)本上找到答案之外,其他四道題根本就沒(méi)有辦法從書(shū)中找出蛛絲馬跡。相信我,我已經(jīng)把《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化》這本書(shū)看過(guò)三遍,做了兩遍筆記,可是還是找不到答題的要點(diǎn)。從性質(zhì)上講看,這四道題已經(jīng)是屬于跨文化交際題了,而華師沒(méi)有列出相關(guān)的參考書(shū),所以題目超綱了!可是有什么辦法,考生在面對(duì)這種情況,連喊冤的機(jī)會(huì)都沒(méi)有。應(yīng)對(duì)的辦法只有:平時(shí)多看一些跟英美文化交際的東西,了解他們的辦事態(tài)度與我們中國(guó)人的不同。也只能這樣了。所以很遺憾,這一部分沒(méi)有答案。第五題的答案可以參考《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化》上冊(cè)英國(guó)部分的Festival部分。)
后記:在我對(duì)這部分的答案快絕望的時(shí)候,2011年英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)方向第一名(403分)的小樹(shù)同學(xué)讓我看到了希望,因?yàn)樗幕A(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考了131的高分。看來(lái)閱卷老師還是蠻認(rèn)可她的答案的,于是我就委托她把考試時(shí)回答這幾道題的要點(diǎn)回憶一下。她給了中文版本,也不好意思再要求什么了,相信大家看了中文版的答案反而更直觀。廢話不多說(shuō),上答案:(順便地:謝謝小樹(shù)童鞋?。?/p>
(1)并非是英國(guó)同事不善解人意。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于table這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的理解上。因?yàn)閠able這個(gè)詞在此語(yǔ)境下可有兩種涵義:1)讓我們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題拿到臺(tái)面上說(shuō)吧(即:繼續(xù)公開(kāi)深入討論);2)讓我們先擱置一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。那么我的建議是:美國(guó)同事可以直接說(shuō),good,I'amwonderingifwecouldtalkaboutsomethingelse?可以省去歧義。
(2)由于中英文化的差異,V這個(gè)手勢(shì)實(shí)際上并非只有一個(gè)意思,并且不可濫用。V手勢(shì)如果手背向外,其實(shí)代表一種辱罵。(類(lèi)似于four-letterw
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