詳細(xì)解析單獨(dú)提取10-19英語(yǔ)一最-2015年全國(guó)入學(xué)考試試題

Use Readthefollowing Choosethebestword(s) eachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,Cor DonANSWESHEE1.(10 Wehavemoregenesin wepick beour Thoughnot are as"related" asfourth about1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudypublishedfrom theUniversity ofCaliforniaandYale of has2Thestudyis agenome-wideanalysis conducted31932uniquesubjects which4pairs and Thesame wereused bothWhile1%mayseem6,it notsotoageneticist. Asco-author ofthestudyJames ofmedical atUCSanDiegosays, "Mostpeopledonoteven somehowmanageto asfriends who8ourTheteam9developeda"friendship whichcanpredict beyourfriendbasedontheir Thestudy foundthat thegenesfor weresomething sharedin notgenesfor genesis now.10, astheteamsuggests, drawsus11similar moreto Therecould bemanymechanismsworking tandemthat 12usin geneticallysimilarfriends13"functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith14!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.Thefindings donot 18tobefriend 19backgrounds, saythe Thoughall weredrawnfroma ofEuropeanextraction, carewastakento20that weretaken fromthe samepopulation. Theteamalso thedatatocheckancestry [A]when [B]why [C]how [D]what2.[A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdrawn [D]advised3.[A]for [B]with [C]on [D]by4.[A]compared [B]sought [C]separated [D]connected5.[A]tests [B]objects [C]samples [D]examples6.[A]insignificant [B]unexpected [C]unreliable [D]incredible7.[A]visit [B]miss [C]seek [D]know8.[A]resemble [B]influence [C]favor [D]surpass9.[A]again [B]also [C]instead [D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile [B]Furthermore [C]Likewise [D]Perhaps11.[A]about [B]to [C]from [D]like12.[A] [B]observe [C]confuse [D]limit13.[A]accordingto [B]ratherthan [C]regardlessof [D]alongwith14.[A]chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15.[A]later [B]slower [C]faster [D]earlier16.[A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17.[A]unpredictable [B]contributory [C]controllable [D]disruptive18.[A]endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D]tendency19.[A]political [B]religious [C]ethnic [D]economic20.[A]see [B]show [C]prove [D]tell Readthefollowing Answerthe beloweachtext bychoosingA,B,Cor D.Markyour answersonANSWESHEE1.(40points)KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsonadicate,theydieintheirsleep. BtembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”poalitidspItisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficult searchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicEvenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory sodeprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficult tomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope rchieswill nodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthe ttin herratherordinarywell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice——asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethe tothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosof usedtoenjoyhighpubliceasedhisrelationshipwithhisendedhisreignin arekeptasheadsofstateinEurope owingtotheirundoubtedandtoachieveabalancebetweentraditionandtogivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupduetotheireverlastingpoliticalWhichofthe isshowntobeodd,accordingto excesiveTheroleofthenobilityinmodernThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticThe eencThe royals“eostto cse

os takesaroughlineonpoliticalfailstochangehislifestyleastakesrepublicansashispotentialfailstoadapthimselftohisfutureWhichofthe isthebesttitleoftheCarlos,GloryandDisgraceCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanCharles,SlowtoReacttotheComingJusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniaadvieEnoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersTheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia ravaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect .Thecourt ruledthatpolicedonvltetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofansmsmartphonemaycontainanarrestee reigcloomputing,explorationsomuchthe

menwhile,Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.Citizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbythe prohiitononAssooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn aethechallengeofline-drawing. Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia argentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution ectionsexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimate preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonesearchforsuspectsmoilephoneswithoutachecksuspectsecontentswithoutbeingprohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobileThe

isone Theauthorbelievesthatexploringoneoecontentsiscomparable gettingintoonersidenchandlingonehstoricalcorrespongoingthroughoneInParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcern principlesarehardtobeclearlythecourtisgivingpolicelessroomfor privcyisnoteffectivelyphonesareusedtostoresensitiveOrin co theConstitutionshouldbeimplementednewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationofthe argentviolates oftheprinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbeThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-revieweditor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal, writsMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinyby innaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelled uttsaid:“Treationof‘statistioardsmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisscientificresearchandispartof elldrivetoincrease intheresearchwe GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“plrimarilyanadvisoryrole. HagreedfounheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergrouppublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafter JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis“most stepforward d“l(fā)ongverdue. Mojournalsofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview, hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalProfessionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagieviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess.Vxsays ideatopasstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstotaperse Itcanbelearnedfrom 1 Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalfewjournalsareblamedformistakesinlackofdataanalysisiscommoninThephrase“flaggeup(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaning Giovanni believesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoRE poseathreattoallitsmeetwithstrongScienc’circulationsetanexampleforotherDavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoing addstoresearchersworkladdiminishestheroleofhasroomforfurtheristofailintheWhichofthe isthebesttitleoftheScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreDataAnalysisFindsItsWayonto StatisticiansAreComingBackwithTwoyearsago,Rupert t,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingearthofintegritysomanyofourinstitutions. hadonly“sortingechanism insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it,manbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit. ncralanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscould eoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.TissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephoneAsthehackingtrialconcludes——findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands,Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intodayrl,ithas enormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinebeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,shareholdervalue,business–frienelyl,thgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions crtraceable,recordedanswers. tothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupset theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingfinncialgovernmentalineffectivenessonmoralthewidemisuseofintegrityamongItcanbe from 3 GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasamorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphoneAndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthephonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainTheauthorbelievestheRebekah revealedacunningcenteredontrivialwashardlywaspartofaTheauthorholdsthatthe collectivedoctrine generallydistortedunfairwealthamarginalizedarigidmoralWhichofthe issuggestedinthelastThequalityofwritingisofprimaryCommonhumanityiscentraltonewsMoralawarenessmattersineditingaJournalistsneedstricterindustrial Inthefollowing text,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifying meaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicit knowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41) .Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved.Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere？Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformation youfeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnot exactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“truemeningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44) .Thisdoesn hot,ever,merelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcernsdebatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit. .dimensionsofreadingsuggestasothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodothatwebringanimplicit unacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn nnecessarilyfollow thatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythat therequirementofagivencourse?itsimply forpleasure?Skimming itforinformation? Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikely todifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclassencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffIfyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywill erelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencehavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthor make inferences, instance,about thetext be to or —inferetnctsformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitably befarlessInplays，novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilymouthpiecesfortheauthorothoughts.Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveina m structuresespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenpowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswithvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)But,theforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficulty ofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongTotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.SaidoneTheit Te firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.SectionIII PartA51.Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100words mendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyour YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.DoDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)Part52.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthe drawing.Inyouressayyoudescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20 SectionIUseof 2014年7月15日InternationalBusinessTimes上一篇題為“DNAofFriendship:StudyFindsWeareGeneticallyLinkedtoOurFriends”（DNA友誼：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)诨蛏虾臀覀兊呐笥延兄Ыz萬(wàn) whyhowwhat【答案】 原因（why）和方式（how），表示具體內(nèi)容的表語(yǔ)從句用 what引導(dǎo)，因此，該題的答案為 concludedwithdrawn【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】從此題所在句子的前后內(nèi)容可以判斷出， thatis 中的that是指第一句話的內(nèi)容（朋友 forwithon在?by【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】根據(jù)空格所在句子的內(nèi)容（研究 1932uniquesubjects。Conductanalysison?是固定表達(dá)。sought【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】該空格所在的句子是 which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾 。因?yàn)椤把芯俊钡膬?nèi)容是關(guān)于朋友間基因上的相關(guān)性問(wèn)題， 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 samples。選項(xiàng)A.測(cè)試，B.物體，D.事例均insignificantunreliableincredible【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 JamesFowler對(duì)這1%基因的態(tài)度是肯定 A。visitknow【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析本題空格處考查了動(dòng)詞，解題的關(guān)鍵是確定主 peopl（ D選 D。influencefavor【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】空格處要求填入一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，能夠直接接賓語(yǔ) B選項(xiàng)“影響他們的親戚C“支持他們的親戚”， D選項(xiàng)“超過(guò)他們的親戚”均無(wú)上下文依據(jù)，根據(jù)全文中心導(dǎo)向：基因上的 A選項(xiàng)“像他們親戚”符合上下文語(yǔ)義，故答案為 A?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】空格處要求填入的副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“ Thestudy?”,顯然討論的 thegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriends（朋友間在嗅覺(jué)基因方面有相關(guān)性）”在進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)討論該話題，前后之間是順接關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)同樣的東西再一次提及 C選項(xiàng)表示對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折 D選項(xiàng)表示因果關(guān)系 只有選項(xiàng)also表示順接遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故答案為 B。MeanwhileFurthermoreLikewise【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+【解析】從選項(xiàng)和文中句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷，空格處要求填入一個(gè)能夠體現(xiàn)前后兩個(gè)句子邏輯關(guān)系的副 tofromlike【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】該題為介詞選擇題。后半句出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)，可見是和前文形成比較關(guān)系，因此和上半句介詞保持一致，用介詞to。該句翻譯：它（這種相似性）吸引我們到相同的環(huán)境，并且使我們更為相似。因此答案為to。drivelimit【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】該句意思為：很多機(jī)制共同作用，從而 sb.indoingsth.，B選項(xiàng) C選項(xiàng)confuse（困惑）均無(wú)此用法。符合該結(jié)構(gòu)只有 A選項(xiàng)drive（驅(qū)使）和 D選項(xiàng)limit（限制）。根據(jù)上下文可得知：這些機(jī)制驅(qū)使我們選擇基因相似的朋友，符合文章主題。如果 accordingtoratherthanregardlessofalongwith【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 B選項(xiàng)ratherthan。A選accordingto（根據(jù)）沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出對(duì)立及取舍關(guān)系，因此排除； C選項(xiàng)regardlessof（不管）表讓步關(guān)系， D選項(xiàng)alongwith（伴隨）表順接，故排除。故答案為ratherthan。missions【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】根據(jù)前文 functionalkinship（實(shí)用關(guān)系）可得出 D選項(xiàng)benefits（利益），前后形成呼應(yīng)。 選項(xiàng)chances（機(jī)會(huì)）、B選項(xiàng)response（反應(yīng)）、C選項(xiàng)missions（使命）均不符合題意。故答案為laterslowerearlier【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】該句為：evolving thanothergenes（比其他基因進(jìn)化得 ）.根據(jù)同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，我們 humanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years（人類進(jìn)化在過(guò)去 提速）。C選項(xiàng)faster與下文pickedpace（加速）形成呼應(yīng)，故答案為 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】此題考查動(dòng)賓搭配。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意?？崭窈竺媸且?why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“人類進(jìn)化在 項(xiàng)understand。A選項(xiàng)forecast“預(yù)測(cè)”與“過(guò)去三萬(wàn)年”相矛盾，B選項(xiàng)remember“記住”和D選項(xiàng)“express”均不符合文意。contributorycontrollabledisruptive【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】此空需要填入一個(gè)形容詞，表達(dá)社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)人類進(jìn)步所起到的作用。 Help，pickpace這兩個(gè) A選項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)的”和D選項(xiàng)“破壞性的”;B而C選項(xiàng)“可控的”,與語(yǔ)意無(wú)關(guān)；因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)contributorydecision【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】此處進(jìn)一步陳述這一研究的結(jié)論 A選項(xiàng)endeavor“努力”，B選項(xiàng)“決定”，C選項(xiàng)“安排D選項(xiàng)“傾向”。本文的主旨重在解釋人們交朋友時(shí)不自覺(jué)的一種傾向，而非通過(guò)人為的有意識(shí)的舉 politicalreligious【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】結(jié)合文意，人們普遍希望和有相似 C選項(xiàng)ethnic意為“種族的，民族 genes,以及下文的thesamepopulation的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。因此正確答案為C。A選項(xiàng)political“政治的”，B選項(xiàng)“宗教的”，D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”均不符合原文文意。tell【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜 【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞勢(shì)必要看前后搭配。Seethat構(gòu)成固定詞組，意為“務(wù)必使??”，符合文意，即：即使所有的受訪者都擁有歐洲血統(tǒng)，(研究者們)仍然悉心確保所有的受訪者、朋友和陌生人都來(lái)自于同一群種。選項(xiàng)B“展示”,選項(xiàng)C“證明”，選項(xiàng)D“辨別”均無(wú)此含義，且不符合文意。 1932位獨(dú)特的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象進(jìn)行了全基因組分析，對(duì)沒(méi)有血緣關(guān)系的朋友和沒(méi)有血緣關(guān)系的陌盡管這1%看起來(lái)似乎微不足道， SectionIIReadingPartText 2014年6月4日《衛(wèi)報(bào)》上一篇題為“IstheWritingontheWallforAllEuropeanRoyals（所【答案】【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)【解析】根據(jù)題干要求，定位到文章前兩段。而文章第一段的第二句話提 andthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsand.退位）。Dendreign是“standown”的同義置換，且“embarrassmenCarlos卸任的原embarrassinscandals是相呼應(yīng)的。故D是正確答案。A 、B項(xiàng)在歐洲皇室中不受歡迎 、C項(xiàng)緩和他與對(duì)手的關(guān)系 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)【解析根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵 monarch“heaof “...motylhavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficult searchforanon-controversialbutrespected. “non-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure”是A選項(xiàng)中“undoubteandrespectablestatus的義置換。故 A是正確答案。B項(xiàng)實(shí)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)的平 C項(xiàng)給選民更多的公眾人物去檢 ，是原文是避免去尋找一個(gè)不受爭(zhēng)議且受尊敬的公眾人物的困難 ，并未提到檢查，故C項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。D項(xiàng)由于他們永久的政治體現(xiàn) 中的“everlasting永久的)偷換了原文中的 “tcne(的）故錯(cuò)誤?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)【解析根據(jù)題干要求和關(guān)鍵詞 od（奇怪的）直接定位在第四段的最后一句話 “...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.（富的貴族仍作為現(xiàn)代 ）其中，“thsymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates”B項(xiàng)中“throleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies的同義置換，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié) ??。根據(jù)題干專有名詞 Charles可定位到文章第七段“thedangerwillcomewithCharles...worstenemies”。本段指出“危險(xiǎn)源自于查爾斯，他生活奢靡， 選項(xiàng)D意為適應(yīng)未來(lái)身份失敗 與選項(xiàng)D選項(xiàng)A意為對(duì)待政治問(wèn)題態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬 B意為對(duì)待建議的生活方式改變失敗 C意為視共和黨人為潛在盟友 ， Charles的盟友，屬于偷換概念，故錯(cuò)誤?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】主旨大意【解析】該題考察四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)可作為文章最佳標(biāo)題。本文從西班牙國(guó)王Carlos被迫退位事件切入， 慮和查爾斯—應(yīng)對(duì)威脅緩慢。而選項(xiàng)卡洛斯—榮辱并存和卡洛斯—?dú)W洲君王們的前車之A屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息，不能概括文章大意，選項(xiàng)C可概括全文，故為正確答案。另外，文章主題詞Monarch只有在選項(xiàng)C中出現(xiàn)，也可作為迅速解題的依據(jù)。Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory soetimes —emboitdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.【解析】本句的主干是 theirveryhistoryembodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities，謂 as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句， as的意思是“雖然”。雙破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容為插AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.【解析】句子的主干為itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartmoderndemocraticstates，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。前半句中when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，限定前面的time?！咀g文】就在托馬斯·皮克提和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家提醒大家要警惕這種不斷加劇的不平等和繼承財(cái)富力量CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethe worst【解析】本句的主干是 Charlesoughttoknowthat?”,其中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。該賓語(yǔ)從句的主干itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethe stenemies，其中itis?who為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)內(nèi)容是kings,notrepublicans是插入語(yǔ)， asEnglishhistoryshows as理解為正如??一樣insistvt.&vi.堅(jiān)持，強(qiáng)調(diào) insiston/upon堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要abdicatevt.&vi. magnificentadjpolarisevt.&vi（使）極化；兩極分 infestedadj.為患的，大批滋生的（常 with搭配privilegennon-controversialadj.一致的，無(wú)爭(zhēng)議的 controversyn.爭(zhēng)論；論戰(zhàn)；辯inheritedadj.遺傳的；繼承權(quán)的；通過(guò)繼承得到的 v.繼承（inherit的過(guò)去分詞bizarreadj奇異的（指態(tài)度，容貌，款式等aristocraticadj.貴族的；貴族政治的；有貴族氣派的；如 intrusiveadj.侵入的；打擾preservevt.保存；保護(hù)；維持 reputationn.hierarchicaladj.分層的；等級(jí)體系的西班牙國(guó)王胡安卡洛斯曾堅(jiān)稱：“國(guó)王不會(huì)退位，只會(huì)在睡夢(mèng)中離世。”但是令人尷尬的丑聞和共和他們現(xiàn)今的行為舉止——卻象征著過(guò)時(shí)且站不住腳的特權(quán)和不平等現(xiàn)象。就在托馬斯·皮克提和其他經(jīng)濟(jì) Text 2014