英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)

英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)一．簡單句：英語基本句型-1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;eg:OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Deepwaterstaysstill.Hewasatwork.Sheisingoodhealth.Itisbeyondmyability.Iwasataloss.Youareunderarrest.英語基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成,常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Theyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Shesattherealone.4.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.5.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake。英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語構(gòu)成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.英語基本句型-4雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）”組成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。英語基本句型-5復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu):此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語補(bǔ)足語用來補(bǔ)充和說明賓語的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.Mymotheraskedmetocleanmyroom.Theteachermadeallstudentsfinishtheirhomeworkontime.用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.也可以說Ifounditwaspleasanttobewithyourfamily.它們的區(qū)別在于第一個(gè)是簡單句第二個(gè)是復(fù)合句，意思都是一樣的。英語基本句型-6Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“……有……”。它其實(shí)是全倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.Be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有thereis/are…過去有therewas/were…將來有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...過去曾經(jīng)有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.二．并列句。結(jié)構(gòu)：1.由分號(hào)連接。eg.Somepeoplecry;otherslaugh.Let’sstartearly;wehavealongwaytogo.2.由并列連詞及詞組連接-——and/but/or/so/however/still/therefore/yet/while/otherwise/for/both…and…/notonly…butalso…/aswellas/orelse/either…or…/neither…nor…/not…but…等。eg:I’dliketo,butIhavelotsofhomeworktodo.I’vegotacold,soI’mgoingtobed.Bothmyfatherandmotherareteachers.It’sverygood,yetIdon’tlikeit.三、復(fù)合句構(gòu)成：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全局的主體，從句只是全句中的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的，引導(dǎo)詞起連接主句和從句的作用。分類：名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句），形容詞性從句（定語從句），副詞性從句（狀語從句）。1.主語從句(SubjectClause)一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語,那么這個(gè)句子就是主語從句.1）常規(guī)主語從句，句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.Whateveryoudidisright.Whosewatchwaslostisunknown.Whatweneedistime.小結(jié):（1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)連詞位于句首不能省略（3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三人稱單數(shù)。注意：為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)小結(jié):（1)以that引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導(dǎo).Itis+形容詞/名詞/某些動(dòng)詞ed+that從句.（2)在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+do/should+havedone)2.表語從句定義：表語從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語。Theproblemispuzzling.主語連系動(dòng)詞形容詞作表語Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.主語連系動(dòng)詞一個(gè)句子作表語表語從句連接表語從句的連接詞有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.Hehasbecomeateacher.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Shehasremainedthereforanhour.ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.Hissuggestionisgood.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.Thequestionisconfusing.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.WhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Whyhecriedyesterday.HowIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.注意：1.表語從句一定要用陳述語序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.2.不用if，而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外）。False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.3.像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.4.that在表語從句中不能省掉。3.賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.構(gòu)成:帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.Hesuggested(that)weshouldcleanthecorridoreveryday.賓語Hetoldme(that)hewouldleaveDalianairportat8pm.間接賓語直接賓語Hetoldmewherehewasgoingtotravelthatsummer.間接賓語直接賓語Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewbook?Noneofusknowswherethesecanbebought.注意：1.用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.2.介詞的賓語從句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.3.形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.4.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.⑤避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?6.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?7.建議suggest,advise要求demand、desire、require、request、propose；決定decide;命令order、command;堅(jiān)決主張insist;等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語氣）eg．Isuggestedthatyou（should）studyhard．Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce．4.同位語從句一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。如：Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如：I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon．三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that，whether，連接副詞how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。）如：lhavenoideaWhenhewillbeback．Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.四、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。如：Severalyearslater，wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem．Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．復(fù)合句（ComplexSentence）由一個(gè)主句（PrincipalClause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句(SubordinateClause)構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元?dú)立存在；從句則是一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就像一個(gè)句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞（connective）引導(dǎo)。復(fù)合句（TheComplexSentence）：句子中有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句，叫做復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句可分為：1).定語從句（TheAttributiveClause）；2).狀語從句（TheAdverbialClause）；3).名詞性從句（TheNounClause）一、定語從句·定語從句的定義定語從句在句子中作定語，用來修飾一個(gè)名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞。·先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞；在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞分為“關(guān)系代詞”和“關(guān)系副詞”?！りP(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why。注意：關(guān)系副詞里面沒有how。如果要修飾方式，用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，或者不用引導(dǎo)詞。Idon’tliketheway(that,inwhich)heeyedme.我不喜歡他看我的那個(gè)樣子。·關(guān)系代詞：who關(guān)系動(dòng)詞who在從句中主要作主語，在非正式語體里who還可以作從句中的賓語。Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.HeisthemanwhoIsawintheparkyesterday.·關(guān)系代詞：whomHeistheman（whom）Isawintheparkyesterday.（whom在從句中作賓語）·關(guān)系代詞：whosewhose用來指人或物，（只能用作定語,若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換）。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.（ofwhichthecover/thecoverofwhich）·關(guān)系代詞：which（1）which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)在非正式語體中可以省略。Theyneededaplantwhichdidn'tneedasmuchwaterasrice.Thefarm(which)wevisitedyesterdayislocatedinthesuburbofBeijing.·關(guān)系代詞：which（2）當(dāng)在which和that面前進(jìn)行選擇的情況下，一般情況下要選which：1.在非限制性定語從句中通常用which作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用that做非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。2.修飾整個(gè)主句。InevermetJuliaagainafterthat,whichwasapity.3.修飾謂語部分。Hecanswimintheriver,whichIcannot.4.介詞+whichTheyareallquestionstowhichtherearenoanswers.·關(guān)系代詞：that（1）that多用來指物，有時(shí)也可以用來指人；在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時(shí)候多用that，也可用which。It’saquestionthat(which)needscarefulconsideration.（指物，作主語。）Whoisthemanthatisreadingamagazineunderthetree?（指人，作主語。）Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisTom’ssister.（指人，作賓語，可省略。）·關(guān)系代詞：that（2）在以下的情況中，只能用that作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用which作引導(dǎo)詞。1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little等不定代詞時(shí)。All(that)shelackedwastraining.2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞和thelast修飾時(shí)4.先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschoolsthattheyhadvisited.5.主句是含有who或which的特殊疑問句，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)二、狀語從句1地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where,wherever引導(dǎo)。WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.2方式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由as,(just)as…so…,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)。1）as,(just)as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2）asif,asthough兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看來天氣很快就會(huì)好起來。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）說明：asif/asthough也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語、不定式短語或無動(dòng)詞短語，例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。3原因狀語從句比較：because,since,as和for1）because語勢最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或since。Ididn'tgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.4目的狀語從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,incase等詞引導(dǎo)，例如：Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.5結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句常由so…that或such…that引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個(gè)句型，首先要了解so和such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。比較：so和such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much,little連用，形成固定搭配。sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflowersuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeople（somany已成固定搭配，alotof雖相當(dāng)于many，但alotof為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotoschool6條件狀語從句連接詞主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat等。.if引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。unless=ifnot.Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.Ifyouarenottootied,let'sgooutforawalk.7讓步狀語從句though,although注意：當(dāng)有though,although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.3)everif,eventhough.即使We'llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.4)whether…or-不管……都Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5)"nomatter+疑問詞"或"疑問詞+后綴ever"Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.替換：nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however注意：nomatter不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。（錯(cuò)）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（對(duì)）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whateveryousay是主語從句)（錯(cuò)）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey'regiven,（對(duì)）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey'regiven.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。8比較while,when,as1）as,when引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。Justas/Justwhen/WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as或while。Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.3）從句表示"隨時(shí)間推移"連詞能用as，不用when或while。Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。9比較until和till此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時(shí)"，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是"直至某時(shí)才做某事"。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌篒sleptuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。WaittillIcallyou.等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替Let'sgetinthewheatbeforethesunsets.）否定句：Shedidn'tarriveuntil6o'clock.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。2)Untilwhen疑問句中，until要放在句首。Untilwhenareyoustaying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？UntilnextMonday.呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。(1)Notuntil…在句首，主句用倒裝。Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱能是什么。NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我開始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。(2)Itisnotuntil…that…10表示"一…就…"的結(jié)構(gòu)hardly/scarcely…when/before,nosooner…than和assoonas都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意：如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.三、名詞性從句1）.