膜制造與分離組件完美版課件

膜制造與分離組件膜制造與分離組件1膜過程的驅(qū)動(dòng)力壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)RO,NF，UF,MF其它過程-滲析（濃度差）電滲析（電位差）膜過程的驅(qū)動(dòng)力壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)2membrane進(jìn)料透過濃縮壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)的膜過濾膜

MFUFNFRO孔尺寸減小泵壓力增加membrane進(jìn)料透過濃縮壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)的膜過濾膜MF孔尺寸減3實(shí)驗(yàn)室膜制備實(shí)例高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).鑄膜液制備：聚合物+有機(jī)溶劑(NMP,DMF,acetone等易與水互溶).添加其它助劑(pore-formersornon-solvents).凝固浴（主要用水和其它聚合物不良溶劑構(gòu)成，通過相分離產(chǎn)生‘thepores’和‘themembranebody’)實(shí)驗(yàn)室膜制備實(shí)例高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,4必需品PES聚合物NMP溶劑水玻璃片刮膜器

NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚必需品NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚5PolySulfon(PS)PSinNMPsolutionPolySulfon(PS)PSinNMPsolu6CleaningglassplatesimportantglassplatesCleaningglassplatesimportant7SubmergeinaMBRtankOutsideInVSInsideOutPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pHadjustment)+/-variousconfigurationsAirinjectionconcentrateForwardFlushDead－endandCross－flowMorethanonemembraneOutofthewaterhigh(er)energyconsumptionWastewaterbubbleflow(比賽中)犯規(guī);4.Foulingreduction/cleaningPorousasymmetricMoveverygentlytoleft鑄膜液制備：聚合物+有機(jī)溶劑(NMP,DMF,acetone等易與水互溶).-滲析（濃度差）電滲析（電位差）FillingtheknifewithPSsolutionMembraneknife(0,2mm)SubmergeinaMBRtankFilling8CreatingamembranefilmCreatingamembranefilm9Putslowlyinthewaterfor….MoveverygentlytoleftPutslowlyinthewaterfor….M10MembranepropertiesandmoduledesignFillingtheknifewithPSsolutionCreatingamembranefilmm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)PlateandFrameModule高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).CreatingamembranefilmIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.MembranemodulePorousasymmetricFoulinginNF/ROOutsideInVSInsideOutPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)Polysulfone(PS)ModuleshapesFillingtheknifewithPSsolutionMembranestructureColloid/proteinPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)MakeamoduleofitSpiralWoundMembraneisfloatingaftercoagulationAftercoagulationMembranepropertiesandmodule11TakeofamembraneOutofthewaterTakeofamembraneOutofthew12ThephotooftheproducedmembraneThephotooftheproducedmemb13MakesheetsofitinamoduleMakesheetsofitinamodule14MakeamoduleofitMakeamoduleofit15MorethanonemembraneMorethanonemembrane16SubmergeinaMBRtankSubmergeinaMBRtank17膜制造與分離組件完美版課件18膜結(jié)構(gòu)PorousvsNonPorousHydrophilicvsHydrophobicPolymericvsInorganicHydrophilic親水

Hydrophobic疏水膜結(jié)構(gòu)PorousvsNonPorousHydroph19Porous…………NonPorous

Symmetric……AsymmetricDense(Nonporous)PorousSymmetricPorousasymmetricRO,NFUF,MFMFSkinSupportPorous…………NonPorous

Symmetri20PorousSymmetricMembranesNucleporeMembrane核徑跡成孔CelluloseMembranePorousSymmetricMembranesNucl21FiberSupportfoulinglayerFlowdirectionPore-plugging,adsorptionandcake-layerformationMembranemodulePolysulfone(PS)MembranemoduleWastewaterFiberSupportForwardFlushhydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush?)chemicalcleaningOutofthewaterWastewaterasymmetricRejectionbyUF/MFmembranesBackwash(=Backflush)NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.continuousconcentratedischargeOutsideInVSInsideOutSeparationofresistancefactorstoCake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.SymmetricmembraneFiberSupportSymmetricmembran22AsymmetricMembranesDenseLayerPoroussupportFiberSupportAsymmetricMembranesDenseLaye23PoresizePoresize24Ceramicmembranepictures(CEM)Ceramicmembranepictures(CEM25Membranestructurestructure:symmetricasymmetric

shapes:flatsheettubular:tube (d>3mm)capillary (0.5<d<3.0mm)hollowfibre (d<0.5mm)Membranestructurestructure:26ModuleshapesFlatSheetSpiralWoundTubularHollowFiberContainedvsSubmergedModuleshapesFlatSheet27FlatsheetmoduleFlatsheetmodule28PlateandFrameModuleUFPolyacrylonitrile(PAN)Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVF)Polysulfone(PS)SulfonatedPolysulfone(SPS)PlateandFrameModuleUFPolyac29Tubularandcapillarymembranes

Tubularandcapillarymembrane30Tubularmembranewww.vito.beTubularmembranewww.vito.be31Tubularmembranes(contained)Tubularmembranes(contained)32HollowFiber(capillar)OutsideInVSInsideOutFromCatalogofTorayHollowFiber(capillar)Outside33OutofthewaterFoulingreduction/cleaningWastewaterPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pHadjustment)OutsideInVSInsideOutNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚hydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush?)MorethanonemembraneForwardFlushRecentlyNFYoucanmakeyourownspiralwoundmoduletoday!!!Membranefiltrationsemidead-endWastewater弄臟;污染;玷污;2.HydrophilicvsHydrophobicColloid/proteinm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)FiberSupportHydrophilicvsHydrophobicHigherenergydemandMembranefiltrationdead-end-滲析（濃度差）電滲析（電位差）Capillary8inchmoduleOutofthewaterCapillary8i34Monolith(demo)InorganicMembranes-CeramicMF,UFRecentlyNF-Porousglass-ZirconiumMonolith(demo)InorganicMemb35CeramictubesFlatsheetsCeramictubesFlatsheets36膜制造與分離組件完美版課件37Spiral-WoundRO/NFModuleFlowINSpacerMembranePermeateConcentrateSpiral-WoundRO/NFModuleFlow38膜制造與分離組件完美版課件39Youcanmakeyourownspiralwoundmoduletoday!!!TwoA4papersCottonsheetA4(ifavailable)ShearstocutGlueforpaperPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)Youcanmakeyourownspiralw40OutsideInVSInsideOutMembranefiltrationsemidead-endNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚添加其它助劑(pore-formersornon-solvents).PlateandFrameModuleFlatsheetmodulecontrolofcake-layerbuild-upAirinjectionModuleshapesWastewaterTubularandcapillarymembranesInorganicMembranesIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).Backwash(=Backflush)ProductionofpermeatedecreasesatconstantTMPmacromoleculeOptimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)FiberSupportLinearpolymerDead－endandCross－flowPorousSymmetricMembraneshigh(er)energyconsumptionReverseOsmose-installationOutsideInVSInsideOut41+/-variousconfigurations+/-variousconfigurations42Dead－endandCross－flowOperationmodesDead－endandCross－flowOperati43Membranefiltrationdead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeedMembranefiltrationdead-endMe44MembranefiltrationcrossflowWastewaterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAirinjectionMembranefiltrationcrossflow45Dead-endFiltrationtimeYieldCakeThicknessDead-endFiltrationtimeYieldCa46Cross-flowfiltrationtimeCakeThicknessYieldCross-flowfiltrationtimeCake47Semidead-endfiltrationSemidead-endfiltration48Cross-flowfiltrationAdvantages:turbulentflowcontinuousconcentratedischargecontrolofcake-layerbuild-upDisadvantages:morecomplexprocesslayouthigh(er)energyconsumptionhigh(er)investmentcostCross-flowfiltrationAdvantage49CascadesinglepasssystemCascadesinglepasssystem50Two-stagerecirculationsystemTwo-stagerecirculationsystem51FoulingofmembranesFoulingReversiblefoulingIrreversiblefoulingBiofoulingPoreblockingScalingfoul

a.1.骯臟的,污濁的;2.惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.邪惡的,可惡的;4.下流的,惡語咒罵的;5.(天氣等)惡劣的;(風(fēng))逆的;6.(比賽中)犯規(guī)的;7.(水管等)堵塞的;8.(繩索等)被纏住的ad.1.違反規(guī)則地;不正當(dāng)?shù)豱.1.(比賽中)犯規(guī)[C][(+against/on)]vt.1.弄臟;污染;玷污;2.使堵塞;3.纏住;4.碰撞vi.1.腐敗,腐爛;2.(管道等)堵塞[(+up)];3.(比賽中)犯規(guī);4.(繩索等)纏結(jié)FoulingofmembranesFoulingfou52FillingtheknifewithPSsolutionRejection(%)TwoA4papersFiberSupportApplicatedforhigherMLSScontentsBackwash(=Backflush)FiberSupportDead-endwithbackflushLinearpolymerMoveverygentlytoleftCeramictubesTwoA4papersPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pHadjustment)ShearstocutPoreblockingWastewaterMembranefiltrationdead-end添加其它助劑(pore-formersornon-solvents).ForwardFlushNucleporeMembraneSpiralWoundPorousvsNonPorousResistanceModelI=ER1+R2+R3ER1R2R3IRmRcRgRpJvJv=DPm(Rc+Rg+Rp

+Rm)SeparationofresistancefactorstoCake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.FillingtheknifewithPSsolu53RejectionbyUF/MFmembranesGlobularProteinLinearpolymerSolutePepsinCytochromeCPolydextranMW(kDa)3513100Rejection(%)90700PoroussupportSelectivemembraneskinGlobularproteinLinearmacromoleculeRejectionbyUF/MFmembranesGl54CakelayerformationMembraneParticleColloid/proteinCake/foulinglayerFlowdirectionDrivingforce?pCakelayerformationMembranePa55FoulinginMF/UFDecreaseinfluxdueto:Pore-plugging,adsorptionandcake-layerformationNoconcentrationpolarizationofsalts

noscalingIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).

Thisresultsinlowback-diffusionrates,fastcakelayerbuild-upandporeblocking

lowproduct-fluxes(1/10oftheCWF)ComplexcakelayerstructureFoulinginMF/UFDecreaseinfl56FoulinginNF/ROFoulingbehaviordiffersfromUF/MFdueto:Lowerfluxesandpresenceofsmallermoleculeshigherback-diffusionandingeneralnothickcakelayerformationChargedmembranesurfaces(ingeneralnegative)adsorptionofcolloidsandbiologicalmatterScaling(CaSO4,CaCO3)FoulinginNF/ROFoulingbehavi57Foulingreduction/cleaningMembranepropertiesandmoduledesignOptimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)Cleaningregimehydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush?)chemicalcleaningrelaxationPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pH

adjustment)Foulingreduction/cleaningMemb58Backwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flowBackwash(=Backflush)Suspensi59SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flowBackwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFilt60ForwardFlushproduction forwardflushForwardFlushproduction fo61macromoleculeMembranepropertiesandmoduledesignWastewaterMembranemodulebubbleflowOutofthewaterHydrophilicvsHydrophobicTakeofamembrane惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.Decreaseinfluxdueto:concentrateLinearpolymerDrivingforceDead-endwithbackflushBackwashwithairflushresultsinlowerpermeateusePorousSymmetricMembranes(比賽中)犯規(guī)[C][(+against/on)]Rejection(%)Dead－endandCross－flowOperationmodesSulfonatedPolysulfone(SPS)ForwardFlushBackFlushproduction forwardflush& backflushpermeatemacromoleculeBackFlushprod62AirFlushAirFlush?bubbleflowslugflowannularflowAirFlushAirFlush?bubbleflowsl63ForwardFlushwithairflushproduction forwardflushwith airflush&backflushForwardFlushwithairflushp64Membranefiltrationsemidead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeedMembranefiltrationsemidead-65Dead-endproduction-run,start

buildingupfoulinglayerpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeedMembranemoduleDead-endproduction-run,start66Dead-endatendofproductionrunBuildingupfoulinglayerProductionofpermeatedecreasesatconstantTMPpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeedDead-endatendofproduction67Dead-endwithbackflush

BackflushwithpermeateduringproductionconcentratefeedpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeateDead-endwithbackflushBackf68Dead-endwithbackwash&airflush

AirinjectionfeedpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeateBackwashwithairflushresultsinlowerpermeateuseAirinjectionDead-endwithbackwash&airfl69MembranefiltrationcrossflowWastewaterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAirinjectionMembranefiltrationcrossflow70CrossflowHighsheeringforcesinmembranemoduleLowfoulinglayerbuildupHigherenergydemandHigherrecoveryApplicatedforhigherMLSScontentsCrossflowHighsheeringforces71Colloid/proteinOutofthewaterBackwash(=Backflush)BuildingupfoulinglayerNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚glassplates鑄膜液制備：聚合物+有機(jī)溶劑(NMP,DMF,acetone等易與水互溶).FoulingbehaviordiffersfromUF/MFdueto:continuousconcentratedischargeBackFlushModuleshapesCleaningregimeFlatsheetmoduleMembranemodulePolysulfone(PS)Optimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)AirinjectionMembranefiltrationsemidead-endDead-endFiltrationPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)SpiralWoundPolydextranAtt=156hAtt=372hTheeffectofbackwashonpermeateproduction:Colloid/proteinAtt=156hAt72SpiralWoundPolysulfone(PS)高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).OutsideInVSInsideOuthollowfibre (d<0.glassplatesPorousasymmetric+/-variousconfigurationsLinearpolymerBuildingupfoulinglayerFiberSupportTakeofamembrane邪惡的,可惡的;4.m(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)Rejection(%)Ingeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).(管道等)堵塞[(+up)];3.MembraneisfloatingaftercoagulationLinearpolymerDead-endwithbackflushAsymmetricMembranes謝謝觀看！SpiralWound謝謝觀看！73膜制造與分離組件膜制造與分離組件74膜過程的驅(qū)動(dòng)力壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)RO,NF，UF,MF其它過程-滲析（濃度差）電滲析（電位差）膜過程的驅(qū)動(dòng)力壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)75membrane進(jìn)料透過濃縮壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)的膜過濾膜

MFUFNFRO孔尺寸減小泵壓力增加membrane進(jìn)料透過濃縮壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)的膜過濾膜MF孔尺寸減76實(shí)驗(yàn)室膜制備實(shí)例高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).鑄膜液制備：聚合物+有機(jī)溶劑(NMP,DMF,acetone等易與水互溶).添加其它助劑(pore-formersornon-solvents).凝固?。ㄖ饕盟推渌酆衔锊涣既軇?gòu)成，通過相分離產(chǎn)生‘thepores’和‘themembranebody’)實(shí)驗(yàn)室膜制備實(shí)例高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,77必需品PES聚合物NMP溶劑水玻璃片刮膜器

NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚必需品NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚78PolySulfon(PS)PSinNMPsolutionPolySulfon(PS)PSinNMPsolu79CleaningglassplatesimportantglassplatesCleaningglassplatesimportant80SubmergeinaMBRtankOutsideInVSInsideOutPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pHadjustment)+/-variousconfigurationsAirinjectionconcentrateForwardFlushDead－endandCross－flowMorethanonemembraneOutofthewaterhigh(er)energyconsumptionWastewaterbubbleflow(比賽中)犯規(guī);4.Foulingreduction/cleaningPorousasymmetricMoveverygentlytoleft鑄膜液制備：聚合物+有機(jī)溶劑(NMP,DMF,acetone等易與水互溶).-滲析（濃度差）電滲析（電位差）FillingtheknifewithPSsolutionMembraneknife(0,2mm)SubmergeinaMBRtankFilling81CreatingamembranefilmCreatingamembranefilm82Putslowlyinthewaterfor….MoveverygentlytoleftPutslowlyinthewaterfor….M83MembranepropertiesandmoduledesignFillingtheknifewithPSsolutionCreatingamembranefilmm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)PlateandFrameModule高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).CreatingamembranefilmIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.MembranemodulePorousasymmetricFoulinginNF/ROOutsideInVSInsideOutPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)Polysulfone(PS)ModuleshapesFillingtheknifewithPSsolutionMembranestructureColloid/proteinPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)MakeamoduleofitSpiralWoundMembraneisfloatingaftercoagulationAftercoagulationMembranepropertiesandmodule84TakeofamembraneOutofthewaterTakeofamembraneOutofthew85ThephotooftheproducedmembraneThephotooftheproducedmemb86MakesheetsofitinamoduleMakesheetsofitinamodule87MakeamoduleofitMakeamoduleofit88MorethanonemembraneMorethanonemembrane89SubmergeinaMBRtankSubmergeinaMBRtank90膜制造與分離組件完美版課件91膜結(jié)構(gòu)PorousvsNonPorousHydrophilicvsHydrophobicPolymericvsInorganicHydrophilic親水

Hydrophobic疏水膜結(jié)構(gòu)PorousvsNonPorousHydroph92Porous…………NonPorous

Symmetric……AsymmetricDense(Nonporous)PorousSymmetricPorousasymmetricRO,NFUF,MFMFSkinSupportPorous…………NonPorous

Symmetri93PorousSymmetricMembranesNucleporeMembrane核徑跡成孔CelluloseMembranePorousSymmetricMembranesNucl94FiberSupportfoulinglayerFlowdirectionPore-plugging,adsorptionandcake-layerformationMembranemodulePolysulfone(PS)MembranemoduleWastewaterFiberSupportForwardFlushhydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush?)chemicalcleaningOutofthewaterWastewaterasymmetricRejectionbyUF/MFmembranesBackwash(=Backflush)NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.continuousconcentratedischargeOutsideInVSInsideOutSeparationofresistancefactorstoCake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.SymmetricmembraneFiberSupportSymmetricmembran95AsymmetricMembranesDenseLayerPoroussupportFiberSupportAsymmetricMembranesDenseLaye96PoresizePoresize97Ceramicmembranepictures(CEM)Ceramicmembranepictures(CEM98Membranestructurestructure:symmetricasymmetric

shapes:flatsheettubular:tube (d>3mm)capillary (0.5<d<3.0mm)hollowfibre (d<0.5mm)Membranestructurestructure:99ModuleshapesFlatSheetSpiralWoundTubularHollowFiberContainedvsSubmergedModuleshapesFlatSheet100FlatsheetmoduleFlatsheetmodule101PlateandFrameModuleUFPolyacrylonitrile(PAN)Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVF)Polysulfone(PS)SulfonatedPolysulfone(SPS)PlateandFrameModuleUFPolyac102Tubularandcapillarymembranes

Tubularandcapillarymembrane103Tubularmembranewww.vito.beTubularmembranewww.vito.be104Tubularmembranes(contained)Tubularmembranes(contained)105HollowFiber(capillar)OutsideInVSInsideOutFromCatalogofTorayHollowFiber(capillar)Outside106OutofthewaterFoulingreduction/cleaningWastewaterPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pHadjustment)OutsideInVSInsideOutNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚hydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush?)MorethanonemembraneForwardFlushRecentlyNFYoucanmakeyourownspiralwoundmoduletoday!!!Membranefiltrationsemidead-endWastewater弄臟;污染;玷污;2.HydrophilicvsHydrophobicColloid/proteinm(Rc+Rg+Rp+Rm)FiberSupportHydrophilicvsHydrophobicHigherenergydemandMembranefiltrationdead-end-滲析（濃度差）電滲析（電位差）Capillary8inchmoduleOutofthewaterCapillary8i107Monolith(demo)InorganicMembranes-CeramicMF,UFRecentlyNF-Porousglass-ZirconiumMonolith(demo)InorganicMemb108CeramictubesFlatsheetsCeramictubesFlatsheets109膜制造與分離組件完美版課件110Spiral-WoundRO/NFModuleFlowINSpacerMembranePermeateConcentrateSpiral-WoundRO/NFModuleFlow111膜制造與分離組件完美版課件112Youcanmakeyourownspiralwoundmoduletoday!!!TwoA4papersCottonsheetA4(ifavailable)ShearstocutGlueforpaperPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)Youcanmakeyourownspiralw113OutsideInVSInsideOutMembranefiltrationsemidead-endNMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚添加其它助劑(pore-formersornon-solvents).PlateandFrameModuleFlatsheetmodulecontrolofcake-layerbuild-upAirinjectionModuleshapesWastewaterTubularandcapillarymembranesInorganicMembranesIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).Backwash(=Backflush)ProductionofpermeatedecreasesatconstantTMPmacromoleculeOptimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)FiberSupportLinearpolymerDead－endandCross－flowPorousSymmetricMembraneshigh(er)energyconsumptionReverseOsmose-installationOutsideInVSInsideOut114+/-variousconfigurations+/-variousconfigurations115Dead－endandCross－flowOperationmodesDead－endandCross－flowOperati116Membranefiltrationdead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeedMembranefiltrationdead-endMe117MembranefiltrationcrossflowWastewaterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAirinjectionMembranefiltrationcrossflow118Dead-endFiltrationtimeYieldCakeThicknessDead-endFiltrationtimeYieldCa119Cross-flowfiltrationtimeCakeThicknessYieldCross-flowfiltrationtimeCake120Semidead-endfiltrationSemidead-endfiltration121Cross-flowfiltrationAdvantages:turbulentflowcontinuousconcentratedischargecontrolofcake-layerbuild-upDisadvantages:morecomplexprocesslayouthigh(er)energyconsumptionhigh(er)investmentcostCross-flowfiltrationAdvantage122CascadesinglepasssystemCascadesinglepasssystem123Two-stagerecirculationsystemTwo-stagerecirculationsystem124FoulingofmembranesFoulingReversiblefoulingIrreversiblefoulingBiofoulingPoreblockingScalingfoul

a.1.骯臟的,污濁的;2.惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.邪惡的,可惡的;4.下流的,惡語咒罵的;5.(天氣等)惡劣的;(風(fēng))逆的;6.(比賽中)犯規(guī)的;7.(水管等)堵塞的;8.(繩索等)被纏住的ad.1.違反規(guī)則地;不正當(dāng)?shù)豱.1.(比賽中)犯規(guī)[C][(+against/on)]vt.1.弄臟;污染;玷污;2.使堵塞;3.纏住;4.碰撞vi.1.腐敗,腐爛;2.(管道等)堵塞[(+up)];3.(比賽中)犯規(guī);4.(繩索等)纏結(jié)FoulingofmembranesFoulingfou125FillingtheknifewithPSsolutionRejection(%)TwoA4papersFiberSupportApplicatedforhigherMLSScontentsBackwash(=Backflush)FiberSupportDead-endwithbackflushLinearpolymerMoveverygentlytoleftCeramictubesTwoA4papersPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pHadjustment)ShearstocutPoreblockingWastewaterMembranefiltrationdead-end添加其它助劑(pore-formersornon-solvents).ForwardFlushNucleporeMembraneSpiralWoundPorousvsNonPorousResistanceModelI=ER1+R2+R3ER1R2R3IRmRcRgRpJvJv=DPm(Rc+Rg+Rp

+Rm)SeparationofresistancefactorstoCake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.FillingtheknifewithPSsolu126RejectionbyUF/MFmembranesGlobularProteinLinearpolymerSolutePepsinCytochromeCPolydextranMW(kDa)3513100Rejection(%)90700PoroussupportSelectivemembraneskinGlobularproteinLinearmacromoleculeRejectionbyUF/MFmembranesGl127CakelayerformationMembraneParticleColloid/proteinCake/foulinglayerFlowdirectionDrivingforce?pCakelayerformationMembranePa128FoulinginMF/UFDecreaseinfluxdueto:Pore-plugging,adsorptionandcake-layerformationNoconcentrationpolarizationofsalts

noscalingIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).

Thisresultsinlowback-diffusionrates,fastcakelayerbuild-upandporeblocking

lowproduct-fluxes(1/10oftheCWF)ComplexcakelayerstructureFoulinginMF/UFDecreaseinfl129FoulinginNF/ROFoulingbehaviordiffersfromUF/MFdueto:Lowerfluxesandpresenceofsmallermoleculeshigherback-diffusionandingeneralnothickcakelayerformationChargedmembranesurfaces(ingeneralnegative)adsorptionofcolloidsandbiologicalmatterScaling(CaSO4,CaCO3)FoulinginNF/ROFoulingbehavi130Foulingreduction/cleaningMembranepropertiesandmoduledesignOptimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)Cleaningregimehydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush?)chemicalcleaningrelaxationPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pH

adjustment)Foulingreduction/cleaningMemb131Backwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flowBackwash(=Backflush)Suspensi132SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flowBackwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFilt133ForwardFlushproduction forwardflushForwardFlushproduction fo134macromoleculeMembranepropertiesandmoduledesignWastewaterMembranemodulebubbleflowOutofthewaterHydrophilicvsHydrophobicTakeofamembrane惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.Decreaseinfluxdueto:concentrateLinearpolymerDrivingforceDead-endwithbackflushBackwashwithairflushresultsinlowerpermeateusePorousSymmetricMembranes(比賽中)犯規(guī)[C][(+against/on)]Rejec