2016考研英語強化講義新題型墨

2016年考研英語強化階段精講（新題型部分白子 主師資簡介訪美學者，大使館翻譯，英語語言教學與測試，市優(yōu)秀青年教師，考研教育網(wǎng)、搜狐網(wǎng)、新浪網(wǎng)和網(wǎng)易等知名教育頻道特約訪談嘉賓，全國城市考研英語主講教師，高等教育、大學社、外語教學與研究、機械工業(yè)、航空航天大學、理工大學等眾多學術機構(gòu)考研系列主編、主審、顧問，多次擔任國際會議同聲傳譯。先后在國內(nèi)外學術期上語言教學類十余篇，并有多部考研專著，如《考研英語：外文報精選》《考研英語精講精練》、《考研英語字典（8000詞）》、《考研英語（二）一點通系列》（詞匯、語法疑難句、閱讀、寫作、完型翻譯、最后四套卷，共計6個分冊）等。 白子 新題PartB52103（2）201、信息匹配在一篇長度約為500詞的文章中有6-7段文字或6-7個概括句或小標觀點與例證題和小標題選擇題其中，小標題選擇題在11年中考核1次，平均題6分，而觀點與例證題這一題型尚未過。2、選擇搭配題（75、6題型實際是一種特殊的完型填空題，把一篇500~600詞左右文章的五個地方挖空，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從給出的6-755自2005年開考以來，11共考查7次，是命題者的最愛3、段落排序?qū)⒁黄?00~600詞左右的文章原有順序打亂，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)將所列段落(7-8個)重新排序。其中有2-3個段落在文章中的位置已經(jīng)給出。排序題的閱讀量比閱讀理解A節(jié)中的文章長一些，并且各段2010201120144、多項對應該部分為一篇長度為450~550詞的文章，試題內(nèi)容分為左右兩欄，左側(cè)5775小標題選擇題Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutintheacademiccommunity.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points)WhattodoasaVariousdefinitionsofIdeasshouldalwaysbeIgnorancecanbeisequivalenttotheftTheconsequencesofScholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanother’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,the isusedtolabelthepracticeofgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.Simplystated,is"thewrongfulappropriationorpurloining,andpublicationasone’sownoftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother."大41大41Thepenaltiesforvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfrombyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelativelyrecentconcept.Suchsocialpressuresandcopyrightlawsrequirewriterstogivescrupulousattentiontoationoftheirsources.大42大42Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesofbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyarebyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.大43大43byaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.Hemayalsohavedifficultyindecidingwhethertheideaissuchcommonknowledgethatnoreferencetotheoriginalsourceisneeded.Althoughthistypeofmustbeguardedagainst,itistheleastseriousand,iflessonslearned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.大44大44 inexperiencedwritersoftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesforation-note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography—areeasilylearnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhisreferences.Although‘thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyintheexpressionofthem,"thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasarechallenged.大45大45Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisbyintention.Thewriter,limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableareusedtodescribethepracticeofbyintention.Theoppositeofisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheirsources.Students,asdeveloscholars,writers,teachers,andprofessionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytoallsourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty.小標題選擇題Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA—Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)SetaGoodExampleforYourPlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureTalkabouttheFutureonaRegularHelpKidsDevelopCoHelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyBuildYourKids’SenseofHowCanaParentMothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult’sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall“work-lifeunreadiness.”大41大41Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.大42大42Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittle大43大43Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteachingthemhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesuredeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeandsetting大44大44Playinggamesencouragesimmediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.大45大45Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,stressesandfeelingsofinadequacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolves,waystobrainstormandthinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticengthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossasdisappointedintheirchild.Theyshouldexhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmayseem)while ingapartnerinexploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostofall,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythatappreciatesthem.小標題選擇題Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouthowtoselectafund.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfrom[A]~[F]foreachparagraphnumbered1~5.Thefirst,thirdandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersANSWERSHEETWatchingrelatedexpensesandmakingwisePayingattentiontoWeighingyourfinancialgoalsandexpectationsMaintainingrealisticNarrowingtheNottooEatingbetter.Exercising.Investing.Therearealotofthings.Theproblemisthatgettingstartedalwaysseemstobethehardestpart.Formanyinvestors,mutualfundsareagoodwaytogo,buttryingtosortthroughthenumberofavailablechoices——nowmorethan10,000——makesthisimportanttaskappearoverwhelming.Let’slookatsomewaystocutthatnumberdowntoareasonablesize,aswellasotherfactorstoconsiderwhenselectingyourfirst大41大41Beforeyoubeginexaminingpotentialinvestments,it’simportanttotakesometimetoaccessyourowngoalsandrisktolerance.Ifyoustartwithaclearobjectiveinmind,aswellasanunderstandingastohowyoumightreactifyourinvestmentlosesmoney,you’11belesslikelytopurchaseafundthatdoesn’tfityourneeds.Andthat’swhatoftenleadstodisappointmentItisimportanttolookforfundsthatareappropriateforbothyourgoalsandyourinvestmenttemperament．大42大42OnewaytobeginyoursearchforagoodfundistousetheMomingstarstarrating.Theratingisausefultoolfornarrowingthefieldtofundsthathavedoneagoodjobofbalancingreturnandriskinthepast.Toassignrating,Morningstarusesaformulathatcomparesafund’srisk-adjustedhistoricalperformancewiththatofotherfundswithinfourratinggroups——domesticstockfunds,internationalstockfunds,taxablebondfunds,andmunicipalbond大43大43Fundsthatinvestsolelyinasinglemarketsectors,calledspecialtyfunds,oftenhaveimpressivereturnsandmaybegreatadditionstoadiversifiedportfolio.However,thesuccessofsuchfundsdependslargelyonthefortunesofaparticularmarketsector.Hence,specialtyfundsprobablyaren’tthebestwaytostart.Foryourfirstfund,lookforadiversifiedstockfundthathasexposuretodifferenttypesofstocks．大44大44There’snofreelunchinfundinvesting:inadditiontothesalesfeesthatsomefundcompaniescharge,fundinvestorsmustalsopaymanagementfeesandtradingcost.Unfortunay,youdon’tnecessarilygetwhatyoupayfor—noonehasevershownthatmoreexpensivefundsprovidegreaterreturns.Lookforfundswithreasonablecosts.Theexpenseratio,whichexpressesannualcostsasapercentageamount,isprobablythebestnumbertousewhencomparingmutualfundcosts．大45大45Whateverthemarketdoes,trytotakeitinstride.You’reinforthelonghaul,sodon’tworryaboutthemarket’sday-to-daygyrations.Relaxandresistthetemptationtomonitoryourfirstinvestmentdaily.Checkinonyourmutualfundsonceamonth,andgiveyourportfolioathoroughexamevery6to12months.Andconsideraddingtoyourfundeachmonth.Anautomaticinvestmentplanmakesitarelativelypainlessprocess.Finally,rememberthattheultimatemeasureofyoursuccessasaninvestordependsnotonyourowningthebest-performingmutualfund.Onlyonefundwillbethetopperformeroverthenextdecade,andthere’snowaytopredictwhichoneitwillbe.Meetingyourownfinancialgoalsshouldultimaybetheyardstickbywhichyoumeasureyourinvestmentsuccess．觀點與例證題Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetipsonresumewriting,followedbylistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading(41-45).Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points)Themainpurposeofaresumeistoconvinceanemployertograntyouaninterview.Therearetwokinds.Oneisthefamiliar“tombstone”thatlistswhereyouwenttoschoolandwhereyou’veworkedinchronologicalorder.TheotheriswhatIcallthe“functional”resume—descriptive,funtoread,uniquetoyouandmuorelikelytolandyouaninterview.It’shandytohavea“tombstone”forcertainoccasions.Butprospectiveemployersthrowawaymostofthoseun-requested“tombstone”lists,preferringtointerviewthequickratherthanthedead.Whatfollowsaretipsonwritingafunctionalresumethatwillgetread—aresumethatmakesyoucomealiveandlookinterestingtoemployers.PutyourselfInordertowritearesumeotherswillreadwithenthusiasm,youhavetofeelimportantaboutyourself.Sellwhatyoucando,notwhoyouPracticetranslatingyour alitytraits,character, andachievementsintoskillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldofwork.TootyourownManypeopleclutchwhenaskedtothinkabouttheirabilities.Somethinktheyhavenoneatall!Buteveryonedoes,andoneofyoursmayjustbetheticketanemployerwouldbegladtopunch—ifonlyyoushowit.Bespecific,beconcrete,andbeRememberthat“brevityisthebestTurnbadnewsintoEverybodyhashaddisappointmentsinwork.Ifyouhavetomentionyours,lookforthepositiveside.NeverIfyou’rereturningtotheworkforceafterfifteenyearsasaparent,simplywriteashortparagraph(summaryofbackground)inplaceofachronologyofexperience.Don’tapologizeforworkingatbeingamother;it’sthehardestjobofall.Ifyouhavenospecialtrainingorhighereducation,justdon’tThesecretistothinkabouttheselfbeforeyoustartwritingaboutyourself.Takefourorfivehoursoff,notnecessarilyconsecutive,andsimplywritedownevery plishmentinyourlife,onoroffthejob,thatmadeyoufeeleffective.Don’tworryatfirstaboutwhatitallmeans.Studythelistandtrytospotpatterns.Asyoustudyyourlist,youwillcomeclosertothemeaning:identifyingyourmarketableskills.Onceyoudiscoverpatterns,givenamestoyourclusterof plishments(leadershipskills,budgetmanagementskills,childdevelopmentskillsetc.).Trytolistatleastthreeplishmentsunderthesameskillsheading.Nowstartwritingyourresumeasifyoumattered.Itmaytakefourdraftsormore,andseveralweeks,beforeyou’vereadytoshowittoastranger(friendsareusuallytookind)forareaction.Whenyou’vesatisfied,sendittoaprinter;aprintedresumeisfarsuperiortophotocopies.Itshowsanemployerthatyouregardjobhuntingseriouswork,worthngIsn’tthatthekind you’dwantworkingforAwomanwholostherjobasateacher’saideduetoacutbackinernmentfundingwrote:“Principalofelementaryschoolcitedmeastheonlyteacher’saidedrehireifernmentfundsbecameOneresumeIreceivedincludedthefollowing:“Invitedbymysuperiortostraightenoutourorganization’saccountsreceivable.Setuporderlyrepaymentschedule,reconciledaccountsweekly,andimprovedcashflow100percent.Rewardedwithraiseandpromotion.”Noticehowthiswomanfocusesonresults,specifieshowshe plishedthem,andmentionsherreward—allin34words.Forexample,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,youhavemoneymanagementskills.Anacquaintancecomplainedofbeingbiasedwhenlosinganopportunityduetothestatement“Readytolearnthoughnotsowelleducated”.Oneofmyformercolleagues,forexample,wroteresumesinthreedifferentstylesinordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultis,ofcourse,theonethathighlightsskillsandeducationbackground.Awomanoncetoldmeaboutacash-flowcrisisheremployerhadfaced.She’dagreedtoworkwithoutpayforthreemonthsuntilbusinessHerrewardwasherbackpayplusa20percentbonus.Iaskedwhythatmarvelousstorywasn’tinherresume.Sheanswered,“Itwasn’timportant.”Whatshewasreallysayingofcoursewas“I’mnotimportant.”觀點與例證題Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetipsonhowtocreatesatisfyingworkenvironment,followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexamplefrom[A]~[F]foreachsubheadingnumbered1~5.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Newresearchfindingsonemployees’jobsatisfactionconductedbytheHumanPerformanceInstitutehaveshownthatfreecafeteriafoodandflexibleprogramsaren’tenough.Anemployee’sjobsatisfactiondependsasmuchonthepositivemental,spiritual,physical,andemotionalresourcestheemployeebringstotheworkplace,accordingtodatagatheredfrom75,000workingadultsonathree-yearstudyof alenergymanagementandwork-life“Thepeoplewhoscoreinthetop10percentofjobsatisfactionarehighlyself-confidentindividuals.Theyarenotonlysatisfiedwiththeirjobs,theyalsofeelcompetentinworkandlife.Thesetwoaremutuallyreinforcing.”SaysDr.JimLoehr,CEOoftheHumanPerformanceInstituteinOrlando.Thetop10percentofpeoplesaidthey“agree”or“stronglyagree”tothestatement,“Iamhappyandsatisfiedinmyjob.”Theyalsoexhibitpositiveenergymanagementhabitstoafargreaterdegreethanpeopleinthebottom10percentofjobsatisfaction.“Itistempting,basedontheresearchfindings,tothinkthatjobsatisfactioncanbeaddressedthroughgoodcandidateselection,”Loehradds.“Andtosomeextent,itcan.Butemployersgetonlyonechanceatgoodselectionwitheachopeningtheyfill,whiletheyhaveadailyopportunitytoencouragepeopletorenewphysicalenergy,andtobuildupself-confidencethroughtrainingandrecognition.”HumanPerformanceInstitutedescribesfivewaysemployerscancreateasatisfyingworkenvironment:Buildemployees’competenceandself-confidencethroughfeedbackandCommunicatethevalueoftheorganization’sproductsandservices,andtheroletheorganizationplaysinthemarketplaceswhereitoperates.Encourageandrewardthoughtfulrisk-EncouragepositiveworkplaceEncouragemeaningfulbreaksandlight“Peoplewithhighjobsatisfactionalsoreportanextraordinarilyhighsenseofmission,visionandpassionfortheirwork,”saysLoehr.“Theyfeeltheirworkisconsistentwiththeirvalues.Theycouldn’tachievethatfeelingiftheiremployersdidn’tenablethemtogetmeaningfulinsightaboutthevaluetheyprovidetocustomers.”“Peoplewhoarehighlysatisfiedintheirjobsreportgoodfeelingsabouttheirbosses,peersandcoworkers,”saysLoehr.“Theirfeelingsofopportunityareelevated,andtheyperceivealowhasslefactor.”“Thereisaverycloserelationshipbetweenhighjobsatisfactionandfeelingofeffectivenessonthejob,”saysDr.Loehr.“Encouragementofgenuineself-confidenceisprobablythenumberonewaytoachievehigherjob“Peoplewithhighjobsatisfactionalsoscorehighonthedesiretotrynovelapproaches,facechallengesandperformproblem-solvingbothindividuallyandingroups,”saysLoehr.“Theyappeartohaveanappetiteformission-drivenchange.Theyalsoratethemselvesveryhighonperseverance.”“Theseareindividualswhohavesomehowfoundawaytoharnesstheirownsourcesofphysicalenergyandmotivation,inspiteofthedistractingenvironmentinwhiostofuslivetoday,”Loehrsays.“Highjobsatisfactioncorrelatesstronglywiththefeelingofhavingfunwork,”saysDr.Loehr.“Highlysatisfiedindividualsalsoreportthattheyfinditeasytowakeinthemorning,andthattheirsleepisdeepandrestful.”Headds,“Thisisconsistentwithourthirtyyearsofresearchonworld-classathletes.Topperformersineveryfieldknowhowtoenhanceperformancethroughrestandrecovery.”選擇Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Canada’ss(theleadersofprovincialernments),iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,together,toreducehealth-carecosts.They’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.41. Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare--tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts-- mendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.42. But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial--provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince--oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince--negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.43. AsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCoordinatingOfficeforHealthAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrug mendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.Predictably,andregrettably,Quebecrefusedtojoin.Afewsaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfew,ifany,stringsattached.That’sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn’tgoneanywherewhiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.44. slovetoquoteMr.Romanow’sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoney.Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovideernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”45. SowhenthesgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.Quebec’stoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.OneofthefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec’sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent!OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby’sreport:“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.”Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbymendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthTheproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthanernmentrevenues.AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethankinds.PartofitishigherSo,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovetheycanrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.Ofcoursethepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatway.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,ifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn’tlikeanationalagency,butself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.選擇Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OnthenorthbankoftheOhioRiversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasinowheregamblinggamesareplayed.Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximay$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithe$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,aFunCard,whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,theseactivities whathecallselectronicmorphine. .In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatlockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998,afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblems.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehaviors,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being. TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas20signswarning:“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromthenaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams’ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”intentionallyworkedto“l(fā)ure”himto“engageinconductagainsthiswill.”Well. ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(DSM-IV)says“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall. .Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsasalitydisordersakintophysical Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton--youmightsayaddictedto--r