版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
1AssessingstandardizationneedsandissuestobridgeandtomeasurethestandardizationgapinAsiaPacificJointITU/CTOevent:“BridgingStandardizationGap,ITRandInteroperabilityissues”13September2010,Colombo,SriLankaPaoloRosa
Head,WorkshopsandPromotionDivisionTelecommunicationStandardizationBureauColombo`13Sept.20101AssessingstandardizationneeOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineITU-TMemberStateParticipation3RegionA-TheAmericas(216)RegionB-WesternEurope(178)RegionC-EasternEuropeandNorthernAsia(73)RegionD-Africa(182)RegionE-AsiaandAustralasia(460)MemberStates:
191governmentsSectorMembers:
565privatesectorMembershipfee:31,800CHF(~=29kUSD)Associates:
154privatesector(oneStudyGrouponly)Membershipfee:10,600CHF(~=9.6kUSD)Today,95%oftheworkinITU-TisdonebytheprivatesectorABCDEColombo`13Sept.2010ITU-TMemberStateParticipatiOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineTheStandardizationGapDisparitiesintheabilityofdevelopingcountriestoaccess,implement,contributetoandinfluenceinternationalICTstandards,specificallyITU-TRecommendationsDisparitiesintherepresentationofdevelopingcountriescauseandmanifestationof:PersistenceofthewiderdigitaldivideinICTs(e.g.,amongdifferentregionsandgroupswithinthesociety)UnequalaccesstotechnologyandtheabilitytousethattechnologyForcasestudies,bestpractices,statisticsandanalysisoftheGAP,seethenewly-issued
”ITU-TResearchReportonBridgingthe Standardization Gap
(December2009)”,and “BridgingtheStandardizationGapActivity Report
(June2010)”/en/ITU-T/gap/Pages/default.aspxTheStandardizationGapDispariDigitalDivide
StandardizationGap&ParticipationRelationshipIncreaseParticipation&CapacityBuildingStandardizationGap&PoorAccesstoTechnologiesDigitalDivide
≈
DigitalDivide
StandardizatioTheconceptofOpportunityIndextomeasuretheinformationsocietyInfodensity
ICTcapital[telecommunicationnetworkinfrastructures(fixed,mobile,internet)andofICT,includingequipment(cables,routers,etc),Info-use
Threeindicators:Internetusersevery100inhabitantsPCownersevery100inhabitantsHousesandTVsetsproportiondisparityTheconceptofOpportunityIndFrameworkforBSGPPResolution123(Rev.Antalya,2006)Recognizing“thecontinuedshortageofhumanresourcesinthestandardizationfieldofdevelopingcountries,resultinginalowlevelofdevelopingcountryparticipationinITU-TandITU-Rmeetings…”Resolution44(WTSA-08):ActionPlanStrengtheningstandards-makingcapabilitiesAssistingITU-DinenhancingapplicationofstandardsHumanresourcebuildingFlagshipgroupsforbridgingthegapFundraisingResolution47(WTDC-10)EnhancementofknowledgeandeffectiveapplicationofITURecommendationsindevelopingcountries,increasecapacitybuildingopportunitiesforinteroperability
FrameworkforBSGPPResolutionITU-TMandatetoBridgingtheGapPP-06(Res.123),WTSA-04/08Resolutions44,17,54,59,74ITU-TmandatedtobridgethestandardizationgapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountriesMandatedactionsinclude:ImprovestandardsmakingcapabilitiesAssistinginenhancingeffortsinstandardsapplicationsHumanresourcebuildingEstablishaflagshipgroupforbridgingthegapBSGfundraisingITU-TMandatetoBridgingtheOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineMeasuringtheGap-1UseofITU-TRecommendationsMembership&effectiveparticipationCapacitybuildingPositioningColombo13Sept.2010MeasuringtheGap-1Colombo1MeasuringtheGap-2Possiblecriteria:NumberofdownloadsofITU-TRecommendationsfromwebsiteNumberofTIES*usersNumberofSectorMembersandAssociatesNumberofStudyGroupChairmenandRapporteursfromdevelopingcountriesNumberofparticipantsinmeetingsandtheircontributionsbycountryQuestionnairestoMembership*TIES:TelecommunicationInformationExchangeService:setofnetworkedinformationresourcesandservicesofferedbyITUtoitsMembersMeasuringtheGap-2PossibleTIESAccountsTIESAccountsITU-TmeetingsdataITU-TmeetingsdataStudygroupsofficialsStudygroupsofficialsContributionssubmittedSGsContributionssubmittedSGsMembershipandParticipantsinITU-TmeetingsMembershipandRecsImplemCommitmentWhereareyoupositioned?MEDIUMRappEditorSG/TSAGVChairWPChReadRecsLOWSG,GSIParticipWS,FGParticipHIGHStrategicroleSG/TSAGContrSG,TSAGChairsWTSAMgmt&ContributionsRecsCommitmentWhereareyoupoOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineAdmissionofMembersfromdevelopingcountriesWTSA-08Res.74EnablenewmembersfromdevelopingcountriestojoinITU-TSuchSectorMembersfromdevelopingcountries(havingathresholdincomepercapitaaccordingtotheUNDP)notaffiliatedinanywaytoanySectorMemberofadevelopedcountryTakeintoconsiderationlevelsoffinancialcontributionsequaltothoseappliedfordevelopingcountriesforadmissioninITU-DStudyGroupsProposaltotheITUPlenipotentiary2010AdmissionofMembersfromdeve21AdoptedbudgetallowingTSBtoimplementitsworkprogrammeandWTSA-08ActionPlan&approvedTSBReorganizationEndorsedrecommendationtointroducenewmembershipcategoriesforacademiaandreducedfeeforSMEcompaniesfromdevelopingcountries.EndorsedrecommendationtosetupnewgrouponIPv6,andpreparationsforWCITtoreviseITRsEndorsedrecommendationsonconformityandinteroperabilityCouncil2009/10Decisions21AdoptedbudgetallowingTSBRegionalGroups
Supportwithinavailable(orotherwisecontributedresources)andonacase-by-casebasisthecreationofregionalgroups
Resolution54:Creationof
regionalgroupsITU-TRGs:SG2SG3 SG6SG12RegionalGroups
SupportwithiRecentActivitiesintheRegionsITU-TWorkshopon"DeliveringGoodQualityTelecommunicationServiceinaSafeEnvironmentinAfrica"
Nairobi,Kenya,26-27July2010RegionalITUConsultationonConformanceAssessmentandInteroperabilityfortheAmericasRegion
Quito,Ecuador,06July2010andNairobi,Kenya,30-31July2010ITU-TWorkshoponBridgingtheStandardizationGapandInteractiveTrainingSession
Cyberjaya,Sleangor,Malaysia,29June-01July2010ITU-TWorkshop“ICTs:Buildingthegreencityofthefuture”
Shanghai,China,14May2010ITU-TStudyGroup5BuenosAires,Argentina12-16April2010ITU-TStudyGroups11and13andIPTV-GSIMardelPlata,Argentina
2-12September2009ITUSymposiumonICTsandClimateChangeandForumon"ImplementationofdecisionsoftheWorldTelecommunicationStandardizationAssembly
(WTSA-08)“Quito,Ecuador,7-10July200923RecentActivitiesintheRegio24Workshops:Newwork,newblood,newfriendsOutreachtononITUaudienceCanresultinnewworkegIdentityManagementPartnerships:IETF,IEEE,OASIS,GridForum,ISO,IEC2005-8of78workshops18inPASCarea.RemoteparticipationnowpossibleFuturemoreworkshopsNorthAmericaandEuropeJointITUandIETFworkshoponNGN,200524Workshops:Newwork,newblo252009:Ayearofhighlights
30events,2500participantsImplementationofWTSA-08decisionsBridgingthestandardizationgapICTsandclimatechangeCybersecurityNGNAccessibilityFirstfullyvirtualITUsymposiumonICTsandclimatechangeOrganisedtogetherwiththeKCCandTTA5thFullyNetworkedCarWorkshops252009:Ayearofhighlights
3TechnologyWatchTechnologyWatchsurveystheICTenvironmentfornewstudytopics.Coveredabroadrangeoftopics:Biometrics,ICTandClimateChange,Telepresence,ICTandFoodSecurity,MobileApps,CloudComputing,etc.TechWatchAlerts
TechWatchAlertsareintendedtoprovideabriefbutconciseoverviewofemergingtechnologies,trendsandideasinthefieldofICTs.TechnologyWatchBriefingReportsprovideanup-to-dateassessmentofpromisingnewtechnologies.MostRecentreport: “DecreasingDriverDistraction(August2010)”: Technology-causeddriverdistraction
TechnologyWatchTechnologyWatITU-TActivitiestoBridgingtheGapIncreasevisibility,information,awareness,participationandcollaborationAdmissionofSectorMembersandAssociatesfromdevelopingcountriesIncreasenumberofofficialsinITU-TStudyGroupsIncreaseSGmeetingsintheregionsCreateregionalgroupsImplementRes.76oncapacitybuildingandcreationoftestlabsintheregionsITU-TActivitiestoBridgingtIncreaseparticipationandcollaboration-1Workshops,seminarsandothereventsRegionalGroupsandmeetingsSG2GroupforArabRegion(Operationalaspects)SG3GroupsforAsiaandOceania,Africa,EuropeandMediterranean,LatinAmericaandCaribbean(Tariffandaccountingprinciples)SG12forAfrica(Performance,QoS,QoE)BlockMeetingsFlagshipGroupsPromoteremotecollaborationandparticipationIncreaseparticipationandcolIncreaseparticipationandcollaboration(2)Cooperationwithregionalorganizations:CITEL,RCC,APT,ASTAP,ATU,LAS,…OnemeetingperyearperregionTopicsdecidedbytheMembership,correspondingtoanyITU-TStudyGroupOfficialstatusasgeneratorofcontributionstoparentStudyGroupsTSBprovidessecretarialsupport,EDHfacilitiesasanyotherSGmeetingIncreaseparticipationandcolIncreaseparticipationandcollaboration(3)FlagshipGroupAmericas(WTSA-08Res.44,Annex,Programme4)CreatepermanentregionalstandardsawarenessOffertrainingonstandardization,produceandprovidetrainingmaterials,manuals,audio/videomaterialTranslateITU-TmaterialSupportremoteordirectparticipationofexpertsinITU-TactivitiesCreationofregionalTesting&CalibrationlabsInviteregulatorstoputinplacemechanismstoconsiderinternationalstandardswhenpreparingnationaltechnicalregulationsIncreaseparticipationandcolCapacityBuildingTechnicalFlyersHighlightITU-TRecommendationsNumbering,NamingandAddressing,VoIP,QoS&QoE,NGN,ASON,B-PON,CWDM,DSL,G-PON,OpticalFibresandCables,OTN,OTS,Synchronizationoverpacketnetworks,Accessibility,H.264,H.350,MultimediaCommunications,ASN.1,Security,IMT-2000,…Availableat/oth/T0B04/en
ITU-TTutorialonOpticalFibreCablesandSystemsBasedontheOF&ShandbookofSG15BetterunderstandingoftheITU-TRecommendations,howtodesignandimplementprojectschoosingthemostappropriateequipmentaccordingtothestate-of-theart.
TutorsleadingexpertsfromindustrycontributingtowritehandbooksandstandardsCapacityBuildingTechnicalFlyResolutionsandResourcesITU-TResearchProject:MeasuringandReducingtheStandardsGap
(December2009)BridgingtheStandardizationGapActivityReport
(June2010)SummaryofQuestionnaireonBridgingtheStandardizationGap
(June2008)WTSA-08Resolution44:BridgingthestandardizationgapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountriesWTSA-08Resolution17:TelecommunicationstandardizationinrelationtotheinterestsofdevelopingcountriesWTSA-08Resolution59:EnhancingparticipationoftelecommunicationoperatorsfromdevelopingcountriesReportontheoutcomeoftheGlobalStandardsSymposium(GSS)
(October2008;requiresTIESaccount)PP-06Resolution123:BridgingthestandardizationgapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountriesTSAG07/08TD610Rev.1:BridgingtheStandardizationGap(requiresTIESaccount)TSAG02/07TD417:DraftReportoftheGrouponBridgingtheStandardizationGap(requiresTIESaccount)Colombo13Sept.2010ResolutionsandResourcesITU-TConclusionsBridgingtheStandardizationGaprequireseffortsfromITUanditsMembershipIncreasetheuseofITU-TRecommendations,membershipCapacitybuilding,trainingIncreaseparticipationinStudyGroups,management,workshops,meetingsandnumberofcontributionsEncouragecontributiontoITUworkplansConclusionsBridgingtheStanda/ITU-T/ITU-T/gap
/ITU-T
http://www.35AssessingstandardizationneedsandissuestobridgeandtomeasurethestandardizationgapinAsiaPacificJointITU/CTOevent:“BridgingStandardizationGap,ITRandInteroperabilityissues”13September2010,Colombo,SriLankaPaoloRosa
Head,WorkshopsandPromotionDivisionTelecommunicationStandardizationBureauColombo`13Sept.20101AssessingstandardizationneeOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineITU-TMemberStateParticipation37RegionA-TheAmericas(216)RegionB-WesternEurope(178)RegionC-EasternEuropeandNorthernAsia(73)RegionD-Africa(182)RegionE-AsiaandAustralasia(460)MemberStates:
191governmentsSectorMembers:
565privatesectorMembershipfee:31,800CHF(~=29kUSD)Associates:
154privatesector(oneStudyGrouponly)Membershipfee:10,600CHF(~=9.6kUSD)Today,95%oftheworkinITU-TisdonebytheprivatesectorABCDEColombo`13Sept.2010ITU-TMemberStateParticipatiOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineTheStandardizationGapDisparitiesintheabilityofdevelopingcountriestoaccess,implement,contributetoandinfluenceinternationalICTstandards,specificallyITU-TRecommendationsDisparitiesintherepresentationofdevelopingcountriescauseandmanifestationof:PersistenceofthewiderdigitaldivideinICTs(e.g.,amongdifferentregionsandgroupswithinthesociety)UnequalaccesstotechnologyandtheabilitytousethattechnologyForcasestudies,bestpractices,statisticsandanalysisoftheGAP,seethenewly-issued
”ITU-TResearchReportonBridgingthe Standardization Gap
(December2009)”,and “BridgingtheStandardizationGapActivity Report
(June2010)”/en/ITU-T/gap/Pages/default.aspxTheStandardizationGapDispariDigitalDivide
StandardizationGap&ParticipationRelationshipIncreaseParticipation&CapacityBuildingStandardizationGap&PoorAccesstoTechnologiesDigitalDivide
≈
DigitalDivide
StandardizatioTheconceptofOpportunityIndextomeasuretheinformationsocietyInfodensity
ICTcapital[telecommunicationnetworkinfrastructures(fixed,mobile,internet)andofICT,includingequipment(cables,routers,etc),Info-use
Threeindicators:Internetusersevery100inhabitantsPCownersevery100inhabitantsHousesandTVsetsproportiondisparityTheconceptofOpportunityIndFrameworkforBSGPPResolution123(Rev.Antalya,2006)Recognizing“thecontinuedshortageofhumanresourcesinthestandardizationfieldofdevelopingcountries,resultinginalowlevelofdevelopingcountryparticipationinITU-TandITU-Rmeetings…”Resolution44(WTSA-08):ActionPlanStrengtheningstandards-makingcapabilitiesAssistingITU-DinenhancingapplicationofstandardsHumanresourcebuildingFlagshipgroupsforbridgingthegapFundraisingResolution47(WTDC-10)EnhancementofknowledgeandeffectiveapplicationofITURecommendationsindevelopingcountries,increasecapacitybuildingopportunitiesforinteroperability
FrameworkforBSGPPResolutionITU-TMandatetoBridgingtheGapPP-06(Res.123),WTSA-04/08Resolutions44,17,54,59,74ITU-TmandatedtobridgethestandardizationgapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountriesMandatedactionsinclude:ImprovestandardsmakingcapabilitiesAssistinginenhancingeffortsinstandardsapplicationsHumanresourcebuildingEstablishaflagshipgroupforbridgingthegapBSGfundraisingITU-TMandatetoBridgingtheOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineMeasuringtheGap-1UseofITU-TRecommendationsMembership&effectiveparticipationCapacitybuildingPositioningColombo13Sept.2010MeasuringtheGap-1Colombo1MeasuringtheGap-2Possiblecriteria:NumberofdownloadsofITU-TRecommendationsfromwebsiteNumberofTIES*usersNumberofSectorMembersandAssociatesNumberofStudyGroupChairmenandRapporteursfromdevelopingcountriesNumberofparticipantsinmeetingsandtheircontributionsbycountryQuestionnairestoMembership*TIES:TelecommunicationInformationExchangeService:setofnetworkedinformationresourcesandservicesofferedbyITUtoitsMembersMeasuringtheGap-2PossibleTIESAccountsTIESAccountsITU-TmeetingsdataITU-TmeetingsdataStudygroupsofficialsStudygroupsofficialsContributionssubmittedSGsContributionssubmittedSGsMembershipandParticipantsinITU-TmeetingsMembershipandRecsImplemCommitmentWhereareyoupositioned?MEDIUMRappEditorSG/TSAGVChairWPChReadRecsLOWSG,GSIParticipWS,FGParticipHIGHStrategicroleSG/TSAGContrSG,TSAGChairsWTSAMgmt&ContributionsRecsCommitmentWhereareyoupoOutlineDefiningthestandardizationgap
Measuringandevaluatingthegap
ITU-TactivitiestobridgingthegapOutlineAdmissionofMembersfromdevelopingcountriesWTSA-08Res.74EnablenewmembersfromdevelopingcountriestojoinITU-TSuchSectorMembersfromdevelopingcountries(havingathresholdincomepercapitaaccordingtotheUNDP)notaffiliatedinanywaytoanySectorMemberofadevelopedcountryTakeintoconsiderationlevelsoffinancialcontributionsequaltothoseappliedfordevelopingcountriesforadmissioninITU-DStudyGroupsProposaltotheITUPlenipotentiary2010AdmissionofMembersfromdeve55AdoptedbudgetallowingTSBtoimplementitsworkprogrammeandWTSA-08ActionPlan&approvedTSBReorganizationEndorsedrecommendationtointroducenewmembershipcategoriesforacademiaandreducedfeeforSMEcompaniesfromdevelopingcountries.EndorsedrecommendationtosetupnewgrouponIPv6,andpreparationsforWCITtoreviseITRsEndorsedrecommendationsonconformityandinteroperabilityCouncil2009/10Decisions21AdoptedbudgetallowingTSBRegionalGroups
Supportwithinavailable(orotherwisecontributedresources)andonacase-by-casebasisthecreationofregionalgroups
Resolution54:Creationof
regionalgroupsITU-TRGs:SG2SG3 SG6SG12RegionalGroups
SupportwithiRecentActivitiesintheRegionsITU-TWorkshopon"DeliveringGoodQualityTelecommunicationServiceinaSafeEnvironmentinAfrica"
Nairobi,Kenya,26-27July2010RegionalITUConsultationonConformanceAssessmentandInteroperabilityfortheAmericasRegion
Quito,Ecuador,06July2010andNairobi,Kenya,30-31July2010ITU-TWorkshoponBridgingtheStandardizationGapandInteractiveTrainingSession
Cyberjaya,Sleangor,Malaysia,29June-01July2010ITU-TWorkshop“ICTs:Buildingthegreencityofthefuture”
Shanghai,China,14May2010ITU-TStudyGroup5BuenosAires,Argentina12-16April2010ITU-TStudyGroups11and13andIPTV-GSIMardelPlata,Argentina
2-12September2009ITUSymposiumonICTsandClimateChangeandForumon"ImplementationofdecisionsoftheWorldTelecommunicationStandardizationAssembly
(WTSA-08)“Quito,Ecuador,7-10July200957RecentActivitiesintheRegio58Workshops:Newwork,newblood,newfriendsOutreachtononITUaudienceCanresultinnewworkegIdentityManagementPartnerships:IETF,IEEE,OASIS,GridForum,ISO,IEC2005-8of78workshops18inPASCarea.RemoteparticipationnowpossibleFuturemoreworkshopsNorthAmericaandEuropeJointITUandIETFworkshoponNGN,200524Workshops:Newwork,newblo592009:Ayearofhighlights
30events,2500participantsImplementationofWTSA-08decisionsBridgingthestandardizationgapICTsandclimatechangeCybersecurityNGNAccessibilityFirstfullyvirtualITUsymposiumonICTsandclimatechangeOrganisedtogetherwiththeKCCandTTA5thFullyNetworkedCarWorkshops252009:Ayearofhighlights
3TechnologyWatchTechnologyWatchsurveystheICTenvironmentfornewstudytopics.Coveredabroadrangeoftopics:Biometrics,ICTandClimateChange,Telepresence,ICTandFoodSecurity,MobileApps,CloudComputing,etc.TechWatchAlerts
TechWatchAlertsareintendedtoprovideabriefbutconciseoverviewofemergingtechnologies,trendsandideasinthefieldofICTs.TechnologyWatchBriefingReportsprovideanup-to-dateassessmentofpromisingnewtechnologies.MostRecentreport: “DecreasingDriverDistraction(August2010)”: Technology-causeddriverdistraction
TechnologyWatchTechnologyWatITU-TActivitiestoBridgingtheGapIncreasevisibility,information,awareness,participationandcollaborationAdmissionofSectorMembersandAssociatesfromdevelopingcountriesIncreasenumberofofficialsinITU-TStudyGroupsIncreaseSGmeetingsintheregionsCreateregionalgroupsImplementRes.76oncapacitybuildingandcreationoftestlabsintheregionsITU-TActivitiestoBridgingtIncreaseparticipationandcollaboration-1Workshops,seminarsandothereventsRegionalGroupsandmeetingsSG2GroupforArabRegion(Operationalaspects)SG3GroupsforAsiaandOceania,Africa,EuropeandMediterranean,LatinAmericaandCaribbean(Tariffandaccountingprinciples)SG12forAfrica(Performance,QoS,QoE)BlockMeetingsFlagshipGroupsPromoteremotecollaborationandparticipationIncreaseparticipationandcolIncreaseparticipationandcollaboration(2)Cooperationwithregionalorganizations:CITEL,RCC,APT,ASTAP,ATU,LAS,…OnemeetingperyearperregionTopicsdecidedbytheMembership,correspondingtoanyITU-TStudyGroupOfficialstatusasgeneratorofcontributionstoparentStudyGroupsTSBprovidessecretarialsupport,EDHfacilitiesasanyotherSGmeetingIncreaseparticipationandcolIncreaseparticipationandcollaboration(3)FlagshipGroupAmericas(WTSA-08Res.44,Annex,Programme4)CreatepermanentregionalstandardsawarenessOffertrai
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間，僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 粉筆板項(xiàng)目運(yùn)營(yíng)指導(dǎo)方案
- 人工授精用動(dòng)物精液產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈分析
- 真空吸塵器用濾塵器商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)挖掘與戰(zhàn)略布局策略研究報(bào)告
- 俯臥撐支架產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈招商引資的調(diào)研報(bào)告
- 書籍封面的平面設(shè)計(jì)行業(yè)相關(guān)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)管理報(bào)告
- 卡祖笛產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈分析
- 自行車車閘項(xiàng)目運(yùn)營(yíng)指導(dǎo)方案
- 裝飾用木條市場(chǎng)分析及投資價(jià)值研究報(bào)告
- 醫(yī)用箭毒產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈分析
- 生產(chǎn)加工用香精油市場(chǎng)發(fā)展前景分析及供需格局研究預(yù)測(cè)報(bào)告
- 湖南兒童塑膠跑道施工方案
- 足球-正面頭頂球教案
- 小學(xué)道德與法治-天下興亡匹夫有責(zé)的愛國(guó)情懷教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)情分析教材分析課后反思
- 2023-2024學(xué)年安徽省縣中聯(lián)盟高二上學(xué)期10月聯(lián)考物理試卷和答案
- 高中歷史學(xué)科課堂教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)量表(試用)
- 廣東省通用安裝工程綜合定額（2018）Excel版
- 《高鐵乘務(wù)安全管理及應(yīng)急處置》課程教案-崔藝琳編寫
- 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫與大數(shù)據(jù)分析平臺(tái)構(gòu)建方案
- 五年級(jí)上冊(cè)科學(xué)水的作用課件
- 服裝家居服成品檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
- 社會(huì)歷史的本質(zhì)高中政治統(tǒng)編版必修四哲學(xué)與文化
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論