現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(含講解及習(xí)題)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(含講解及習(xí)題)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(含講解及習(xí)題)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(含講解及習(xí)題)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(含講解及習(xí)題)編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、構(gòu)成:肯定式：主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞否定式:主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.過去分詞規(guī)則變化：a)一般情況下，直接加ed,（work---worked，water---watered,finish---finished等;）b)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把y變成i再加ed,（carry-- -carriedstudy---studied等;）c)以輔+元+輔結(jié)尾且中讀的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed。（stop---stopped，shop---shopped）d)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加d（過去分詞不規(guī)則變化表：二、用法：用法一：表示過去（已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或從未）發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦once/twice/數(shù)字+times例：Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打掃了房間(房間現(xiàn)在是干凈的，不需要打掃了)Theyhaveleft.--他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里Ihaveneverhadacar(我從未有過汽車。)Ihavebeentheretwice.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣；yet用于否定句和疑問句。? Hehasalreadylefthere.他已經(jīng)離開這里了。? Hashealreadylefthere他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎（表示加強(qiáng)語氣）? Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。? Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎b）never是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”? WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我們從來沒有去過長(zhǎng)城。? HaveyoueverbeentoCanada你們?cè)?jīng)去過加拿大嗎c）just用于句中,表示“剛剛”? I’vejusthadbreakfast.我剛吃完早飯。? Whathavetheyjustdone他們剛剛做了什么d）before用于句末,表示“以前”? I’veseenitbefore.我以前見過它。練習(xí)：用never，ever，already，before,just或yet填空。1.Ihave__________seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas__________finishedhishomework.3.--Haveyou_________seenthefilm--No,Ihave________seenit.4.---Hasthebusleft_______---Yes,ithas________left.5.WouldyouliketogotothezoowithmeYes,butIhavebeenthere_________.★hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的區(qū)別：1.have/hasgoneto去了某地（還在某地沒回來）---Whereisyourfather你爸爸在哪里---HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。2.have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過（已回，已不在去過的地方）+次數(shù)（once/twice/數(shù)字+times）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai3times.我爸爸去過上海3次。畫線提問：________________hasyourfatherbeentoShanghai3.have/hasbeenin待了多久（去了，現(xiàn)在仍在所待的地方）+for+時(shí)間段/+since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.我爸已經(jīng)在上海待了兩個(gè)月了。畫線提問：_______________hasyourfatherbeeninShanghai▲注意：注意遇到四個(gè)地點(diǎn)副詞要去掉to/in，這四個(gè)地點(diǎn)副詞是：here,there,home,abroad練習(xí)：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1._____youever_____Disneyland2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llcomebackintwodays.5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather__________HongKong10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tcomebackyet.11.—Where'sLucy—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.用法二：表示過去已經(jīng)開始,并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨for+時(shí)間段⑩since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)a)for+一段時(shí)間Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.我在這里5周了。He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.他學(xué)習(xí)英語3年了。b)since+(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/單詞/詞組/從句(一般過去時(shí))Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.我自從2000年開始在這里。Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.我自從5年前就在這里。IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.我自從2000年畢業(yè)就在這里。注：1)對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.畫線提問：_______________haveyoulivedhere注2):短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用,當(dāng)然也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的問句中Eg.(誤)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.★為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,goout→beoutcome(go,arrive,get)→beindie→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）leave→beaway(from…),open→beopenclose→beclosed練習(xí)：選用for和since填空:haven’tseeneachother______alongtime.fatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.filmhasbeenon______20minutes.Greenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.grandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.三、與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等），不與表示過去的時(shí)間連用;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。2．常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題單項(xiàng)選擇Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.A.forB.afterC.inD.sincehaveyoubeenplayingtheguitarFor5years.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.HowoftenmayIkeepthesebooksFortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.HowsoonhaveyoubeenhereI’vebeenhereformonths.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany5.Theboy______TVallmorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched6.Howlong_____you_____stampsSincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collectingarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworkinglookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswrittenPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.seefather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeeninlonghaveyou____here—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrivedup！Theplay_____fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.wasparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeenMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe____toChinaA.Howsoon，comesB.Howoften，gotC.Howlong，cameD.Howfar，arrived18.Hisuncle____formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversityhasbeensleeping______2:00pm.A.forB.atC.inD.sincestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom，_____A.sotheyB.don‘ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換：havebeenwatchingthefootballmatchforhalfanhour.（劃線提問）______________________youbeenwatchingthefootballmatchHehasbeenstudyingJapanesefortwoyears.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）HehasbeenstudyingJapanese______twoyears______.Westartedthepartytwohoursago.（劃線提問）_____________you________thepartyTheoldman_____lastyear.H