2010-2013年英語六級閱讀題及答案

2010-2013年英語六級閱讀題及答案2010年6月閱讀SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates-we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects-andneedbparentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不斷積累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits^astheyclearlydo——thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowthThefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparentsTheyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?Itisregardedasalegalobligation.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer（二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國人）parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy（冷漠）they'veinheritedfromGenerationX（60年代后期和70年代出生的美國人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?Theirembraceofradicalideas.TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.TheirutilizationoftheInternet.Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.2010年6月閱讀答案SectionBPassage1A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.Passage2A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObamaspresidency.C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.2010年12月閱讀SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutions todevotedalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedtechnological,themselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarn,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchofthe world——with supportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities-haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusually amongthelowest-paid facultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightly regardedbecausethey donotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials（資質(zhì)）formostnonacademiccareers.UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayis

realworldfocusedontheabsenceofeducation—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.realworldItisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycouldsolvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople'slivingstandardsquickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation'ssocialprogressWhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWar□?Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents'creativity.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn'tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That'sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein 'sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein'strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn'tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion一themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan（工匠）orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,"Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen'tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical -andrewarding—efforts.“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,“saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou'llfindthesolution.”PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments"werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,"Greenesaid."Weputtheminthejunkfile.”注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein 'ssuccess?Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“…itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.Paperslike Einstein'swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.Nobodywillread papersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein.forgottomakefootnotesandcitationswaslittleknowninacademiccircleswasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculationsknewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers2010年12月閱讀答案PassageOneAsolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems細節(jié)題。抓住時間點"Intheearly2othcentury”我們從第一句 "offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可知道答案。選擇A選項。DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.推論題。我們首先比較容易排除A和C項。B項具有迷惑性，關(guān)鍵是看"thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”這個選項仔細看就會發(fā)現(xiàn)說得太絕對了，社會的問題主要是靠人文主義的研究 ？顯然不是很恰當。我們從下面那句也可以推斷出選D比較恰當?！癟woworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.細節(jié)題。主要在第二段里找答案。從段落后兩句"ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我們可以推斷出是選C選項。A和D選項比較容易排除。不選B選項，因為文章中"India,ChinaJapan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership."seemto表明這幾個國家只是有種趨勢，但還沒有haveovertaken。AInsufficientfunding.細節(jié)題。我們在第三段里可以找到答案。從“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers，”這些信息中)可以很快知道是A選項。CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.細節(jié)題。本題不難。作者為什么如此著重人文主義的研究，其他三項都是非常具體的，且都不是重點。只有C選項符合。且我們從最后這一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者的語氣可以更加確定是C選項。PassageTwoD.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.解析：這道題針對開頭兩節(jié)。A和C答案比較容易排除，A說愛因斯坦把數(shù)學推到了一個極限，C說在將來的兩百年都不會有物理學家超過愛因斯坦，這兩個都明顯不合文章大意。 B答案說需要一個愛因斯坦才能建立一種大一統(tǒng)理論，屬于過度推理，并且細節(jié)性太強了。 D答案是正確答案，很多同學不敢選D的原因是，因為有些科學家們認為愛因斯坦或許還沒有誕生或許還是個小嬰兒，他們認為這樣一來就有可能愛因斯坦已經(jīng)存在了。但是這句話里面的愛因斯坦是代表偉大的科學家的意思，那么這個題目選擇D就是正確的，大家都同意的是像愛因斯坦那樣偉大的科學家還需要一定的時間才會出現(xiàn)。B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking解析：B他獨立與抽象思維能力。這一段是文章中間部分的內(nèi)容概括。根據(jù)上下文意思推斷，愛因斯坦成功的原因，不能說是他在音樂方面的天分，也不能說他的努力或者他在數(shù)學方面的深厚基礎(chǔ)，因此答案選擇BoD.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.解析：正確答案選擇D。這段文章是在問今天的物理學家們的情況， A說他們?nèi)狈Ψ治瞿芰?，B說他們擅長處理實際問題，C說他們重視發(fā)表文章，都是從根據(jù)文章細節(jié)中捏造出來的錯誤選項。D是對于文章內(nèi)容的一個總結(jié)概括，數(shù)量眾多的物理學家進入了更有經(jīng)濟利益的領(lǐng)域。D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.解析：正確答案選擇Do結(jié)合Greene講的話，他說Whatanidea!還說是需要把頭往墻上撞的人才會相信能找到個解決方案呢！說明內(nèi)容實在是比較荒誕。B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles解析：正確答案選擇B,說的是愛因斯坦在學術(shù)圈里面默默無聞，跟原文里面的“ byavirtualunknown”相對應(yīng)。有迷惑性的選擇項是D,因為文中提到了愛因斯坦的文章沒有配上腳注和注釋footnoteandcitations.但是D選擇項是說，愛因斯坦不懂得論文的格式，這個屬于過度推理了。2011年12月閱讀題SectionBDirections: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China"}India!Brazil!Howabouttrade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession-areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates —butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade-moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates-isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,railfreight,trucking,delivery,andlogistics（物流）haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets—whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice-agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.railfreight,Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet-andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.Itcouldleadto slowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

fromA)Competitionoverseas.fromC)Slacktradeactivities.B)People's reluctance tospend.D)Decreasingproductivity.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversities havefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies.IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenceincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgenerating long-term resourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercialisationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenex