2022年研究生考試英語(yǔ)一真題及答案解析

2022年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)（一）試題及解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology"was_1_aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe_2—tointelligenceinanimals.—3—plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat_4_consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit_5—sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called_6—ofplants'intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave_7—thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,_8_"aplantnervoussystem,_9_tothatinanimals/9saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They_10_claimedthatplantshave"brain-likecommandcenters^^attheirroottips.”This_11_makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,_12_ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals._13_,thesignalinginaplantisonly_14_similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,Taizsaid.“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold_15_ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,“he—16—.’‘Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the_17—thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.^^Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunawayfrom_18—,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich_19_athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery_20—evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.L[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined3.[AJunless[B]when[CJonce[D]though4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extended5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation|D]creation7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested8.[A]adapting[B]forming[CJrepairing[D]testing9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive10.lAJjust[B]ever[C]still[D]even11.[AJrestriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]retuming[D]exposing13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily15.[AJlist[B]level[CJlabel[D]local16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added17.[A]chances[BJrisks[CJexcuses[D]assumptions18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control19.[A]represents[BJincludes[CJreveals[DJrecognizes20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextlPeopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They"weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,andthefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon*thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,Mshesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.^^Andsometimes,it*snottheartist*sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets”-largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets-whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.Itsespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten's,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen.^^AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.maintainingtheirplasticitems.[B|obtainingdurableplasticartifacts.handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits.classifyingtheirplasticcollections.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare[AJimmunetodecay.improperlyshaped.inherentlyflawed.|D]complexinstructure.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.keepthemfromhurtingvisitors.duplicatethemforfuturedisplay.havetheiringredientsanalyzed.preventthemfromfurtherdamage.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.[A]costly [B]unworthy[C]unpopular [D]challengingInFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.willinspirefuturescientificresearch.hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance.willhelpusseparatethematerialages.hasanimpactontoday'sculturallife.Text2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfillmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ*scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:Iamageographer*or'Iamaciassist.'Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it'sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon*tdefinetheminthesameway.theauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshouldbecarefulinchoosingacollegebediligentateacheducationalstagereassessthenecessityofcollegeeducationpostponetheirundergraduateapplicationThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflectMillennial'sopinionsaboutworktheshrinkingvalueofadegreepublicdiscontentwitheducationthedesiredrouteofsocialmobilityTheauthorconsidersitagoodsignthatGenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree.Schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers.EmployersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegreesParentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshouldmakeanearlydecisionontheircareer[BJattendonthejobtrainingprogramsteamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduatesfurthertheirstudiesinaspecificfieldWhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.Theywillmakequalifiededucators.Depresswillnolongerappealthem.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.Text3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.^Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhanceleaming.^^Onerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember'sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartistthanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother'swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hencethe“visualstudies“inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature'spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipants.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave.caughttheattentionofcriticsreceivedfavorableresponsespromotedacademicpublishingsparkedheatedpublicdisputesThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonismentionedtoshowthat.artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstosciencesciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotionspublicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture[D|artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovationsSomeartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership.[AltheirrolemaybeunderestimatedtheirreputationmaybeimpairedtheircreativitymaybeinhibitedtheirworkmaybemisguidedWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?ItwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientistsItexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances[ClItsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudiesItsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartistsInthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations.arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectationswillintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetitionshoulddomorethancommunicatingsciencearebecomingmorepopularthanbeforeText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom"unjustifieddismissals^^.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently-andparadoxically-lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'Sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold“fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers,Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.punishdubiouscorporatepracticesimprovetraditionalhiringproceduresexemptemployersfromcertaindutiesprotecttherightsofordinaryworkersItcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.hinderbusinessdevelopment[BJunderminemanagers9authorityaffectthepublicimageofthefirmsworsenlabor-managementrelationsWhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldbetheProductivityCommissionsupport?Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'Sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?[AJHighlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.Employersneedtohirenewstaff.Itcanbeinferredthatthe"high-incomethreshold^^inAustralia.[A]hassecuredmanagers'earnings[B]hasproducedundesiredresults[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners[D]isdifficulttoputintopracticePartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)TeriByrdIwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou“enhance“enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequatetimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.(42)KarenR.SimeAsazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos,treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.(43)GregNewberryEmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationcommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.ButtheyaretheexceptionnotthenormthatMs.Mairisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.(44)DeanGalleaAsafellowenvironmentalistanimal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian.IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoosandtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivitysoserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautifulwildcreaturesclosetohomemanymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekoutdisturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosareinthatsensesimilartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseumsservingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.(45)JohnFraserEmmaMairisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnatureandthedatapointsextractedfromourstudies.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimalsfromdronebeestospringbokorsalmontobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticism.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestalternative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals'wellbeing.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TheManWhoBrokeNapoleon'sCodes-MarkUrbanBetween1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon'sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor'sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanvDeoDlewellreadabouttheDeriod、abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix.TheScovellCiphers.(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell'ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnolanalyzecarefullywhalihisobscureofficermayormaynolhaveconlribuledlo」hal《realstrugglebelweennationsorindeedlellusanythingmuchaboulihemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman'sappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovelfspapersatthePublicRecordOffice,London,IfoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesabouthisworkinthePeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection,whichIrealizedwaspriceless.(49)ThssemayhavebeenmanyspiesandinteHiaenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWagbutitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.AsIresearchedScovelfsstoryIfoundfarmoreofpiterestbesidesofhisintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington'sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.His taleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.(5O)JustasthecodebreakinuhasitswiderrelevanceiothestruRRleforSpain,sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.SectionmWritingPartADirections：Writeane-mailtoaprofessorataBritishuniversity,invitinghim/hertoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationcontesttobeheldatyouruniversity.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameintheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.(lOpoints)PartBDirections：Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,explainitsintendedmeaningandgiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)|I校園講座2022年英語(yǔ)（一）真題答案SectionIUseofEnglishLA2.C3.D4.C5.D6.B7.C8.B9.A10.Dll.C12.B13.A14.C15.B16.D17.A18.A19.D20.BSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartATextl21.A22.C23.D24.D25.BText226.C27.B28.C29.D30.AText331.B32.A33.A34.B35.CText436.D37.A38.D39.B40.DPartB41.F42.C43.A44.D45.GPartC46.這也是一場(chǎng)代碼制定者和破譯者之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。即使是對(duì)于許多熟知這一時(shí)期的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這也是未知的。.它列出了很多從在西班牙的法軍中繳獲的密碼文件。這些文件的秘密是由英國(guó)總部的一位叫喬治?斯考維爾（GeorgeScovelD的軍官揭露出來(lái)的。.他無(wú)法仔細(xì)分析這位名不見(jiàn)經(jīng)傳的軍官可能并沒(méi)有為國(guó)家間的那場(chǎng)偉大斗爭(zhēng)做出貢獻(xiàn)，也確實(shí)無(wú)法告訴我們有關(guān)他本人的任何情況。.拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間可能有很多間諜和情報(bào)官員，但通常很難找到他們實(shí)際提供或從事情報(bào)工作所涉及的材料。.正如密碼破譯在西班牙斗爭(zhēng)中有著更廣泛的意義一樣，他試圖爬上晉升階梯的努力也充分說(shuō)明了英國(guó)社會(huì)的情況。2022年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)（一）真題解析SectionIUseofEnglish.【答案】A.coined【解析】根據(jù)句意：“植物神經(jīng)生物學(xué)”一詞是圍繞著植物行為的某些方面可以與動(dòng)物的智力_2_這一概念而這里表示“產(chǎn)生”的含義。A.coin“新造，杜撰（單詞、短語(yǔ)）"；B.discover"發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到”;C.collect"收集；搜集”;D.issue”發(fā)表;發(fā)布根據(jù)句意，可知A為最佳答案。.【答案】C.compared【解析】根據(jù)第1題的解析，可知這里表示'植物行為的某些方面可以與動(dòng)物的智力A.attribute"把 歸因于”;B.direct"管理；把 指向“；C.compare"比較；相比“；D.confine"限制：監(jiān)禁”。根據(jù)句意，可知C為最佳答案。.【答案】D.Though【解析】根據(jù)句意：“_3—植物缺乏大腦，（但）它們莖和葉中電信號(hào)的發(fā)射仍然觸發(fā)了_4—意識(shí)的反應(yīng)。"A.when"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”;B.unless"除非；如果不”；C.once"一旦；曾經(jīng)“；D.though"雖然；盡管”。根據(jù)句意，可知D為最佳答案。.【答案】C.hintedat【解析】根據(jù)第3題的解析，對(duì)比下選項(xiàng)：A.copewith”處理”；B.consistof，由 組成”；C.hintat”暗示;示意“；D.extend“延長(zhǎng)；延伸”。根據(jù)句意，可知C為最佳答案。5.【答案】D.differs【解析】根據(jù)句意：“植物生物學(xué)是復(fù)雜而迷人的，但它與動(dòng)物生物學(xué)（的）_5_如此之大，以至于所謂的植物智力的_6_是不確定的。"A.suffer”遭受；經(jīng)受“；B.benefit"獲益，有利于“；C.develop"發(fā)展：開(kāi)發(fā)”；D.differ“有區(qū)別；不同”。.【答案】B.evidence【解析】根據(jù)第5題的解析，對(duì)比下選項(xiàng)：A.acceptance”接受；贊同“；B.