2021廣東中考英語熱點(diǎn)話題新冠疫苗與健康生活閱讀理解試題

廣東中考英語熱點(diǎn)話題新冠疫苗與健康生活閱讀理解試題（含答案）Passage1閱讀理解。HowtofightagainstCOVID-19(新冠病毒)?Wechoosesomebookstohelpyou.Thebooksweretranslatedinto13languages,includingJapanese,FrenchandRussian.Theyareconvenientforreaderstoenjoy.Virus,Virus,YouCannotScareMe!(Writer:MuXiangzhen)Thebookmakesparentsandchildrenbeabletolearn—inafunway一abouthowviruses(病毒)spreadandwhatpeoplecandotoprotectthemselves.Ittellschildrennottofearviruses.Besides,italsointroducestheideaofgettingonwellwithnature,andhopeschildrencanprotectwildlifeandthenaturalenvironment.ASpecialASpecialSpringFestival(Writer:GaoJing)ASpecialThisbookpictureschildren'sspecialSpringFestivalinChinaduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19.IttellsastoryofacommonfamilyinChina.Ittriestoanswerthechild'squestion“Whycan'tIbeallowedtoplayoutside?”IttellsthechildwhatCOVID-19is,howitspreads,andhowwecanprotectourselvesfromit.Thepicturesshowlovebetween

familymembers,friendsandeveryone.TenTipstoFightMonsters(Writer:DongRuihan)Dadleaves10tipstohelpusfightthevirus.Whowillwinthewar?Thestorywillgentlyteachchildrenhowtopreventthedisease(疾病)inalanguagethattheycaneasilyunderstand.Itwillhelpkidsremaincalminthehardtime,andencouragethemtohelpfamilymemberstopreventthedisease.TenTipstoFightMonsters(Writer:DongRuihan)ABriefHistoryofVirusesforChildren(Writer:ChangshaWhite-flagDolphinChildren'sBookWorkshop)Thisstorybooktellsthebeginningofthevirus,sothereaderscanunderstandthehistoryoftheviruseasily.Thebooksets叩a“TenQuestionsaboutCOVID-19”section,whichexplainstheknowledgeofCOVID-19(includinghowitspreads),helpingchildrenreaderstounderstandthevirusbasingon(基于)reasonandscience.()1.Allthefourbooksareabout.children'sdailyactivitiesB.tenquestionsaboutCOVID-19C.fightingagainstCOVID-19D.lovebetweenfamilymembers,friendsandeveryone()2.Ifyouwanttoknowthebeginningofthevirus,youcanread.Virus,Virus,YouCannotScareMe!B.ASpecialSpringFestivalC.TenTipstoFightMonstersD.ABriefHistoryofVirusesforChildren()3.hopeschildrencanprotectwildlifeaccordingtothepassage.MuXiangzhenB.GaoJingC.DongRuihanD.ChangshaWhitef-lagDolphinChildren'sBookWorkshop()4.Thespreadofthevirusismentionedin.□Virus,Virus,YouCannotScareMe!DASpecialSpringFestivalDTenTipstoFightMonsters①ABriefHistoryofVirusesforChildren□□①B.DDDC.DDDD.DDD()5.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneisNOTtrue?Thebooksweretranslatedintomanylanguages.Childrencandosomethingtoprotectthemselves.Wecanunderstandthevirusbasingonreasonandscience.WehavewonthewaragainstCOVID-19completely.【答案詳解】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了幾本抗擊疫情的書籍。C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段第一、二句可知這四本書是關(guān)于抗擊新冠病毒的。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從表格第四欄“Thisstorybooktellsthebeginningofthevirus”可知答案選D。A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從表格第一欄“hopeschildrencanprotectwildlife”可知答案選A?；脽羝?4B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文意可知□只提及如何預(yù)防C0VID-19,沒有提及該病毒的傳播,故排除①。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段可知選項(xiàng)A、B項(xiàng)正確;從表格最后一欄“helpingchildrenreaderstounderstandthevirusbasingonreasonandscience”可知選項(xiàng)C正確,用排除法可知答案選D。Passage2閱讀理解。AsCOVID-19isstillspreadinginmanycountries,quicklyfindingpeoplewhohavethevirusisveryimportant.ButCOVID-19isnoteasytodetect(察覺).Manypeoplewhocatchthevirusclearlyshowsignsofbeingill,likehavingafeverorcoughing.Butmanyothersshownosignsatall.Thesepeopleare“asymptomatic”andtheycanstillpassthevirustoothers.Now,scientistsfromMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,afamousAmericancollege,havedevelopedamethodwhichcanquicklydetectwhetherapersonhasCOVID-19ornotjustfromthewayheorshecoughsorspeaks.ThescientiststurnedtoanAImethodknownas“deeplearning”.Indeeplearning,computerprogramscollectedalotofinformation,analyzed(分析)itandbuiltcertainmodels.Theinformationherewastensofthousandsofrecordingsofcoughingandspeakingfrompeoplewhohadcaughtthevirus.WhenthescientiststestedtheirAImodels,theyfoundthattheycoulddetect98.5%ofthepeoplewhocaughtthevirus,including100%oftheasymptomaticpeople.BrianSubirana,oneofthescientists,says,“WethinkthisshowsthatthewayonepersonproducessoundchangeswhenheorshehasCOVID-19,evenifheorsheisasymptomatic.”Thescientistsnowwanttoturntheirmodelsintoanappthatcanrunonmobilephones.Iftheyareabletodothat,itcouldallowpeopletoquicklyandeasilycheckwhethertheyhavecaughtthevirus.()6.Fromthepassage,whoareasymptomaticpeople?Thosewhodonotcoughatallalthoughtheycatchthevirus.Thosewhohaveahighfeverwhentheycatchthevirus.Thosewhocatchthevirusbutdon'tshowanysignsofbeingill.Thosewhocatchthevirusbutwon'tpassittoanyotherone.()7.Howdoesthenewmethodwork?A.Byanalyzingaperson'svoice.B.Bytakingaperson'stemperature.C.Bytakingapersontothehospital.D.Byaskingapersonsomequestions.()8.Theunderlinedword“they”referstointhepassage.A.thevirusesB.thescientistsC.theAImodelsD.theasymptomaticpeople()9.WherewilltheAImodelsbeusedaccordingtoBrian?A.Everywhere.B.Oncomputers.C.Inhospitals.D.Onmobilephones.()10.Whatcanyoureadfromthepassage?AnAImethodcanhelpdetecttheCOVID-19patientsaccurately.AnAImethodcanhelpfindwheretheCOVID-19camefrom.COVID-19istooeasytobedetectedwiththehelpofanAImethod.COVID-19can'tbedetectedevenwiththehelpofanAImethod.答案詳解本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了一款抗擊COVIDD19的AI智能模型。C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段第三至五句可知答案選C。A推理判斷題。從文章第二、三段可知AI智能模型收集人們咳嗽和說話的聲音信息,進(jìn)而分析、建模。故答案選A。&C代詞指代題。由畫線單詞上文“WhenthescientiststestedtheirAImodels”可知they指代上文提及的AImodels。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowwanttoturntheirmodelsintoanappthatcanrunonmobilephones.”可知答案選D。A推理判斷題。從文章第三段可知AI智能模型能檢測98.5%的感染者，包括100%的無癥狀感染者,故A項(xiàng)正確。Passage3閱讀理解。Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtocreateandtestvaccines（疫苗）tohelpprotectpeopleagainstthenovelcoronavirus（新冠病毒）.Theyaremakingprogress,butitwillbequiteawhilebeforeanyvaccinesareready.Therearemanydifferentwaystomakevaccines.Atleast115differentvaccinesforthenovelcoronavirusarebeingdevelopedaroundtheworldrightnow.Manyofthemmaynotworkormayhavesideeffectsthatcanbedangerous.Thatiswhytestingisveryimportant.Beforeavaccineisevertestedonhumans,it'sfirsttestedonanimalstomakesureitseemssafe.Testingthevaccineonhumansisdoneinseveraldifferentphases.InPhase1,asmallgroupofpeoplearegivensmallamountsofthevaccinetoseeifithasanybadeffects.Phase2stillteststhevaccine'ssafety,butit'smainlyatesttoseeifthevaccineseemstowork.IfPhase2goeswell,thevaccinecanbeginPhase3.DuringPhase3,thevaccineistriedonamuchlargergroupofpeopletoseehowwellitworks.Becauseoftheseriousandworldwideimpact（影響）ofthenovelcoronavirus,thereishugepressuretodevelopaworkingvaccinequickly.Itnormallytakessevenormoreyearstodevelopasafevaccinethatworkswell.Nowdrugcompaniesarehopingtocreateworkingvaccinesin12or18months.Buthealthexpertsalsowarnthatrushingtoomuchcouldbedangerous.Avaccinewithharmfuleffectscouldcausemoreproblemsthanitsolves.()ll.Accordingtothepassage,thescientistswhoaremakingvaccinesare.A.hard-workingandcarefulB.patientandeasy-goingC.kindandcuriousD.caringandbrave()12.Theunderlinedword“phase”meansinChinese.A?短語B?階段C?過程D?結(jié)果()13.Howlongdoesittaketocreateworkingvaccinesintheusualway?A.Lessthansixyears.B.Morethantenyears.C.Twelvetoeighteenmonths.D.Aboutsevenyears.()14.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?Thereareonlythreephasesintestingvaccines.Workingvaccinesmustbecreatedinashorttime.Vaccineshavealreadybeendeveloped.Rushingtooquicklyincreatingvaccinesmaybringmoreproblems.()15.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.RushforaVaccineB.FightagainsttheDiseaseC.ProtectPeopleagainsttheVirusD.CreateWorkingVaccines【答案詳解】本文是一篇說明文,主要講述了全世界的科學(xué)家都在加速進(jìn)行針對新冠病毒的疫苗的研發(fā)工作,雖然已經(jīng)取得一些進(jìn)展,但離疫苗的正常使用還有很長時(shí)間。文章還介紹了開發(fā)一種安全疫苗所需要的時(shí)間和測試過程的重要性。A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtocreateandtestvaccines...”和第三段“Beforeavaccineisevertestedonhumans,it'sfirsttestedonanimalstomakesureitseemssafe.”可知，科學(xué)家們都在競相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，并且在疫苗研發(fā)期間做大量的測試以確保對人類的身體無害，因此研發(fā)疫苗的科學(xué)家是勤奮并且仔細(xì)的。故選A。B詞義猜測題。從文章Phase1,Phase2,Phase3的內(nèi)容可知這三者之間根據(jù)疫苗的測試范圍和結(jié)果有一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分，猜測phase為“階段”符合題意。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Itnormallytakessevenormoreyearstodevelopasafevaccinethatworkswell.”可知，研發(fā)出一種安全有效的疫苗通常需要大約七年時(shí)間。故選D。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A選項(xiàng):疫苗測試只有三個(gè)階段。根據(jù)文章第三段“Testingthevaccineonhumansisdoneinseveraldifferentphases”可知，在人身上測試疫苗分為幾個(gè)階段，文章中并沒有明確指出只有三個(gè)階段，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng):必須在短時(shí)間內(nèi)制造出有效的疫苗。根據(jù)文章第四段“Nowdrugcompaniesarehopingtocreateworkingvaccinesin12or18months.”及全文可知，制藥公司只是希望盡快研制疫苗，但是疫苗研制過快會帶來很多問題，所以并不是必須盡快將疫苗研制出來，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng):疫苗已經(jīng)研制出來了。根據(jù)文章首段“Theyaremakingprogress,butitwillbequiteawhilebeforeanyvaccinesareready.”可知，疫苗還未研制成功，故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng):倉促生產(chǎn)疫苗可能會帶來更多問題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Buthealthexpertsalsowarnthatrushingtoomuchcouldbedangerous...causemoreproblemsthanitsolves.”可知，倉促生產(chǎn)疫苗可能會帶來更多問題，故D選項(xiàng)正確。故選D。D主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了科學(xué)家們都在加速研發(fā)抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，介紹了研發(fā)疫苗的過程、時(shí)間及快速研發(fā)疫苗可能產(chǎn)生的危害等，故“研發(fā)有效的疫苗”可作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D。Passage4閱讀理解Whenweareborn，wearegivennamesthatstaywithusforourwholelives.Somenamesincludegoodwishesandhopesfromparents，whileothersmaybespecialandeasytoremember.Butdoyouknowhowthenewcoronavirusgotitsname?Thetaskofnamingavirusisnolessimportantthannamingaperson.Whenadiseasebreaksout，theofficial（官方的）namingofanewvirusisoftenlateandmayleadtomanyproblems.Overthepasttenyears，someimpropernameshavecausedproblems.In2009，the“swineflu（豬流感）”waswidelyusedbeforetheofficialname，H1N1virus，wasannounced.ThisledEgypttokillallofitspigseventhoughitdidn'tspreadamongpeoplewhohadn'tbeennearpigs.In2015，thenameMERS（MiddleEastRespiratorySyndrome，中東呼吸綜合征）madepeopleofthisregionangry.Soin2015，theWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）announcedthatthenamesofvirusesshouldbeeasytorememberbutavoidbeingnamedafterplaces，people，animalsandfoods.Followingtheserules，thenewcoronaviruswearesufferingfromwasnamed“COVID-19”bytheWHOonFeb.11,2020.Inthisname,“CO”means“corona”,“VI”standsfor“virus”and“D”means()16.Whenourparentsnameus,they.oftenputtheirhopesonusB.trytomakethenamesimportantC.caneasilyrememberournamesD.letthenamesstaywithuslonger()17.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?Namingavirusisnotveryimportant.Namingapersonoravirusisadifficulttask.Namingavirusisasimportantasnamingaperson.Namingapersonismoreimportantthannamingavirus.()18.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothesecondparagraph?MERSkilledmanypigsinEgypt.H1N1viruscouldspreadamongpeople.Anewvirusisn'toftennamedofficiallyintime.Impropernamescausedvirusestospreadwidely.()19.WhatdoweknowaboutMERSvirus