英語語言學試題

A. more thanA. more than英語語言學試題B卷及答案III.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA ， B，CorDinthebrackets.(1%oX20=20%1)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa study.A. synchronicB.historicC. diachronicD.descriptive2)Synonymsareclassified2)Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“fall”andautumn”belongiscalled synonyms.A.stylistic B.dialectalbelongiscalled synonyms.A.stylistic B.dialectal3)Thesentence“JohnlikesiceC.emotiveD.collocational-cream”contains arguments.onenoneonenonenamingcommunicationA.twothreeSemanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof .A.B.meaningC.D.contextOncethenotionof wastakenintoconsideration ，semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A. meaningB.contextC. formD.contentTOC\o"1-5"\h\zOfthethreespeechacts，linguistsaremostinterestedinthe .A.locutionaryact B.perlocutionaryactC.illocutionaryact D.noneoftheaboveMostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplegiveriseto .A.utterancemeaning B.speechacttheoryC.conversationalimplicatures D. noneoftheaboveThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey isliterallysaid.B.lessthanA. entailsA. entailsC.thesameasC.thesameasD.noneoftheaboveThegoalof istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesanddifferentsocialsituations.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.psycholinguistics B.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguistics D. generallinguisticsBlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological ，morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare .A. rule-governedsystematicC. arbitraryD.bothAandBAsmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse，andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior ，itissaidtobe.A.prescriptive B.sociolinguisticdescriptive D.psycholinguistic12)Languageisasystemofarbitrary symbolsusedforhumancommunication.A. culturalB.conventionalC. decodedD.vocalAwordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled .A.anabnormalword B.apolysemouswordC.asynonymousword D.noneoftheaboveTherearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“l(fā)earned”isknownasa(n) .A.derivationalmorpheme B.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorpheme D.freeformThesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare innumber.A. largeB.smallC. finiteD.infinite“Iboughtsomeroses” “Iboughtsomeflowers”.B.presupposesD.isC.isinconsistentwithsynonymouswithD.isThephrase“boysandgirls”belongstothe construction.A.predicate B. endocentric C.subordinateD.exocentricCanIborrowyourbike？"___"Youhaveabike."A.issynonymouswith B. isinconsistentwithC. entailsD.presupposes 19) OfallthespeechorgansD.presupposes 19) Ofallthespeechorgans，the___is/areA.mouth B.lipsD.vocalcordsChomskyusestheterm torefertotheactualrealizationuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.A.langue B.competenceC.parole D.performanceIV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalsethemostflexible.C.tongueofalanguage:(1%X15=15%)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech；thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken，butnotwritten.Theopen-classwordsincludeprepositions.InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels ，thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.Accordingtosemantictriangle，thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent，i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.6)Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences (S)andclauses(C) only.7)Bysynchronywemeantostudylanguagechangeanddevelopment.8)TheICanalysisisnotabletoanalyzesplitverbslike “dosb.in”.9)Therelationshipof“flower”， “violet”， “rose”and“tulip”ishyponymy.10)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiedthesentencespatternsofalanguage.Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis，i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.Sentencesarestringsofwordsputtogetherinarandomorder.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword ，thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven. (1%<10=10%1)Themodernlinguisticsisd ，notprescriptive，anditsinvestigationsarebasedonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedata.2)M isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.3)Languereferstothelanguagesystemsharedbyacommunityofspeakerwhilep contrastdwithlangueistheconcreteactofspeakinginactualsituationsbyanindividualspeaker..4)Thetransformationalcomponenthastransformationalrules，whichchangethedeepstructuresgeneratedbythephrasestructurecomponentintos structure.5)Insemantictriangle，therelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect，anditismediatedbyc ..6)H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandb transcription.7)Inthecooperativeprinciple，Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims.Theyaremaximofquality，maximofquatity，maximofr andmaximofmanner.8)ThestrongversionofSapir-Whorfhopothesisisthatlanguaged sourthinkingpattern.9)Therearetwomajorapproachestoerroranalysis：c andnon-contrastiveanalysis.10)P isthestudyoflanguageinuse.Thefollowingtwoareambiguousintheirmeanings.Giveyourunderstandingofthedifferentmeaningsofeachexpression. (2.5%x2=5%1)Smokingcigarisveryharmful.2)Theboysawthemanwiththetelescope.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish. (4%x5=20%)1)Whatarethefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple ？2)Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage ？3)Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmodernlinguisticsandtraditional grammar？4)Whydowesaythatameaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents？5)Whatdoyouknowaboutlinguistics.參考答案Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA ，B， CorDinthebrackets. (1%x20=20%1-5ABBBB 6-10CCABD 11-15CDBCC16-20ABDCDDecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse :(1%x15=15%)1)-5)：TTFFT 6 )-10)：FFTTF 11)-15)：FFFFFtheV.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithonewordthe(1%x10=10%)(1%x10=10%))descriptive2 )Morpheme 3 )parole4) surface 5 )conceptbroad 7 )relation 8 )determinescontrastive10 )PragmaticsVI.Thefollowingtwosentencesareambiguousintheirmeanings.Giveyourunderstandingofthedifferentmeaningsofeachsentence. (2.5%x2=5%Thecigarthatissmokingisveryharmful.Theactofsmokingthecigarisveryharmful.Theboysawthemanwhohadatelescope.Usingthetelescope，theboysawtheman.VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish. (4%x5=20%)A.ThemaximofquantityMakeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired(forthecurrentpurposeoftheexchange ) .Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.ThemaximofqualityDonotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.ThemaximofrelationBerelevant.Themaximofmanner1.Avoidobscurityofexpression. 2.Avoidambiguity.3.Bebrief(avoidunnecessaryprolixity) . 4.Beorderly.Arbitrariness；Productivity；Duality；Displacement；Culturaltransmission；A.Linguisticsisdescriptive ，notprescriptiveLinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary ，notthewritten.LinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinthatitdoesnotforcelanguagesintoaLatin-basedframework.Themeaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponentsbecauseitcannotbeworkedoutbyaddingupallthemeaningsofitsconstituentwords.Forexample；Thedogbittheman.Themanbitthedog.Ifthemeaningofasentencewerethesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents， thentheabovetwosentenceswouldhavethesamemeaning.Infacttheyaredifferentinmeanings.Asweknow，therearetwoaspectstosentencemeaning：grammaticalmean-ingandsemanticmeaning.Thegrammaticalmeaningsof“thedog”and“theman”in(A)aredifferentfromthegrammaticalmeaningsof “thedog”and“theman”in(B).Themeaningofasentenceistheproductofbothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning.Itistheproductofthemeaningoftheconstituentwordsandofthegrammaticalconstructionsthatrelateonewordsyntagmaticallytoanother.英語語言學試題A卷及答案(Definethefollowinglinguisticterms :(2%x10=20%)

)duality 2)displacementphonologymorphology5 )concord 6 )endocentricconstructionhyponymy 8 )pragmatics 9 )illocutionaryforceerroranalysisTranslation(0.5%x20=10%)TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese :(0.5%x10=5%)affricate 2)distinctivefeature3) parole 4)generativegrammarbilingualism 6 )felicitycondition 7)designfeature 8) denotation9)labiodental 10 )linguisticrelativityTranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish (0.5%x10=5%11)人際功能 12 )真值條件 13 )女性語域 14)音節(jié)劃分 15)結構主義16)社會語言學 17 )論元 18 )單元音19)銜接 20)對比分析Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA ，B，(1%x20=20%)(1%x20=20%)1)1).languageisasystemofarbitrary symbolsusedforhumancommunication.B.conventionalA.culturalC.decodedD.vocal.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled .A.anabnormalword B.apolysemouswordC.asynonymousword D. noneoftheabove.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“edcommunication.B.conventionalA.culturalC.decodedD.vocal.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled .A.anabnormalword B.apolysemouswordC.asynonymousword D. noneoftheabove.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“l(fā)earned”isknownasa(n) .A.derivationalmorpheme B.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorpheme D.freeform.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare innumber.A. largesmallC.finiteD.infinite.“Ipickedsometulips.A.entailsIpickedsomeflowers.B.presupposesofisinconsistentwithissynonymouswith6ofisinconsistentwithissynonymouswith6).Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximX：Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight ？Y：Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks？A.qualityB.quantity C.relationD.manner“CanIborrowyourbike？” “Youhaveabike.”A.issynonymouswith B. isinconsistentwithentails entails study.synchronicdiachronicEnglishFrenchD.presupposes 8) ThestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisaA.B.historicC.D.descriptive9) Whichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguage ？A.B.ChineseC.D.AlloftheaboveTwoallophonesofthesamephonemearesaidtobein .A.phonemiccontrast B. complementarydistributionC.minimalpair D.noneoftheaboveIntermsoftheplaceofarticulation，thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof .A.palatalB.alveolar C.bilabial D.dentalTransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby in1957.B.N.D.M.A.K.A.L.BloomfieldB.N.D.M.A.K.ChomskyC.F.SaussureHallidayWhichofthefollowingisacorrectdescriptionofreference ？arelationshipbetweenanexpressionandotherexpressionswhichhavethesamemeaningthesetofallobjectswhichcanpotentiallybereferredtobyanexpressionarelationshipbetweenaparticularobjectintheworldandanexpressionusedinanutterancetopickoutthatobjectanintra-linguisticrelationshipbetweenlexicalitemsWhatisfunctionofthesentence “Howdoyoudo’？A.Directive B.PhaticC.InformativeD.EvocativeInthefollowingsounds， isacentralvowel.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.// B./u/ C.//D./3/Whichofthefollowinglanguageshasthesyllabicwritingsystem ？A.Chinese B.Japanese C.English D.FrenchWhichdescriptionofthemeaningcomponentsoftheword“father”isright？A.[+human，+adult，-male] B.[+human ，-adult，+male]C.[-human,+adult,-male] D.[+human ,+adult,+male]Oncethenotionof wastakenintoconsideration，semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A. meaningB.contextC.formC.D.contentTOC\o"1-5"\h\zBlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological ，morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare .A.rule-governed B.systematicC. arbitraryD.bothAandB“Hotdog”withthefirstsyllablestressedmeans .A.anoverheatedanimal B. akindoffoodC.abarkingdog D. adeaddogIV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse：(15pts，1pointforeach)Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:(1%)x15=15%Animalcallsystemsarenotgeneticallytransmitted.AccordingtoN.Chomsky， “competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgeinutterance.Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencespatternsofalanguage.Languagesdifferintheirselectionofcontrastivesounds.TheEnglishspellingexactlyrepresentsitspronunciation.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.Accordingtosemantictriangle，thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent，i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.Areferringexpressioncanbeusedtorefertononexistentthings.Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesaresemanticallywell-formed.Pragmaticsstudiestheaspectofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforbysemantics.Anillocutionaryactistheconsequence oforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.Socialdialects，orsociolects，arevarietiesoflanguageusedbypeoplebelongingtoparticularsocialclasses.Thestructuraltestsfocusonthecommunicativeandlinguisticcompetence.V.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword ，thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven. (1%<10=10%Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarelabeledasa phonetics，auditoryphoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofspeechoverw .S studiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.C analyisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemesningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”areh .H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandb transcription.Lingisticsfoundthatitwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthec oflangaugeusewasleftunconsidered.Interchangeabilitymeansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaproduceranda ofmessages.Languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatternandsimilaritybetweenlanguagesisrelative，thegreatertheirstructureal differentiationis，themorediversetheirconceptualizationoftheworldwillbe.ThishasoftenbeencalledtheSapir-Whorfh .S acttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.VI.Thefollowingtwosentencesareambiguousintheirmeanings.Giveyourunderstandingofthedifferentmeaningsofeachsentence. (2.5%x2=5%Flyingairplanescanbeverydangerous.Theboysawthemanwiththetelescope.VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish. (4%x5=20%)Whatfunctionsdoeslanguagehave？Givesomeexamples.(5points)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zStatethedifferencesbetweenthesentencemeaningandutterancemeaning. (5points)WhyisSaussurehailedasthefatherofmodernlinguistics ？ (2.5points)WhataretheseventypesofmeaningproposedbyG.LeechinhisSemantics？ (3.5points)Inwhatwaycanlinguisticscontributetotheresearchinlanguagelearning ？(4points)參考答案Definethefollowinglinguisticterms (2%x10=20%)suchthattheduality：Thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures

unitsoftheprimarylevelsuchthatthearecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.displacement：Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects，eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentatthepresentofcommunication.phonology：Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesystemandpatternsofthespeechsoundsandhowtheyworkandconveymeaninginthesystemoflanguage.morphology：Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatisconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.concord：Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsinasyntacticrelationshipshouldagreewitheachotherintermsofsomecategories.endocentricconstruction：Aconstruction whosedistributionisfunctionallyequivalentorapproachingequivalencetooneofitsconstituents.hyponymy：Itreferstomeaninginclusiveness，thatis，thesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral，moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.pragmatics：Itreferstothestudyoflanguageinuse.illocutionaryforce：Itreferstothespeaker’smeaning，contextualmeaning，orextrameaning.11) erroranalysis：Itisthestudyandanalysisoferrorandisconfinedtothelanguagelearner.".Translatethefollowingterms :(0.5%x20=10%)TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese :(0.5%x10=5%1)塞擦音 2 )區(qū)別性特征 3 )言語 4)生5 )雙語現(xiàn)象6)適切條件 6)適切條件 7)結構特征10)語言相對論TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish11)interpersonalfunction1214)syllabification15)structuralismsociolinguistics17 )argumentcohesion 208)外延 9 )唇齒音: (0.5%X10=5%)truthcondition13 )womenregister16)18 )monophthong 19))contrastiveanalysisCorDintheCorDinthe11-15BBCBA(1%，the)syntax)receiverReadeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA ，B，brackets.(1%x20=20%1-5DBCCA 6-10CDABB16-20BDBDBDecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.x15=15%)1-5FFFFF6-10FFFTT11-15FTFTFFillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithonewordfirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue. (1%x10=10%)1)articulatory2 )writing 34) contituent5 )homograph6) broad 7 )context 8hypothesis10 )SpeechVI.Thefollowingtwosentencesareambiguousintheirmeanings.Giveyourunderstandingofthedifferentmeaningsofeachsentence. (2.5%x2=5%Theairplanethatisf