小升初英語培優(yōu)第9講：介詞講解(教師版)含答案

淘寶搜索?樂學(xué)網(wǎng)課淘寶搜索?樂學(xué)網(wǎng)課第九講：介詞一、【考點(diǎn)解讀】介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作成分。介詞后而一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語、表語、補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強(qiáng)，可以用來表示各種不同的意思。二、【知識講解】Mis.Smith'skitclieiiMrs.Smith'skitchenissmall.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.Itisontheright.Thereisanelectriccookerinthekitchen.Thecookerisblue.Itisontheleft.Thereisatableinthemiddleoftheroom.

Thereisabottleonthetable.Thebottleisempty.Thereisacuponthetable,too.Thecupisclean.知識點(diǎn)1 時(shí)間介詞at,on,in的用法1.at(1)表示具體時(shí)刻，如:attlireeo'clock在三點(diǎn)鐘attlireeo'clock在三點(diǎn)鐘athalfpasteight在八點(diǎn)半(2)(2)固定搭配:atnoonatnightatnoonatnightatdawnatthemomentatfirstatthebeginningatlastatsunriseatsunsetatthesametimeatdinner-timeattheendofatduskatpresentattheageofatChristmas2.on2.on(1)表示具體某一天(包括節(jié)假日)(1)表示具體某一天(包括節(jié)假日)，如:onMarch8叫2016在2016年3月onMarch8叫2016在2016年3月8日onChildrensDay在兒童節(jié)(attheSpringFestival)onSunday在星期天(2)表示具體某一天的早、中、晚，如:onSaturdaymorning在周六早上onarainyevening在一個(gè)下雨的傍晚onahotafternoon在一個(gè)炎熱的下午3.in(1)表示月份，季節(jié)，年，年代，世紀(jì)，如:inJuly在七月insummer在夏天inthe1990sinJuly在七月insummer在夏天inthe1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代inthe21"century在21世紀(jì)in2016在2016年inhistwenties在他20多歲(2)多歲(2)后面跟一段時(shí)間，表示“…??之后力指將來的時(shí)間，如:inaweek一周之后inaweek一周之后inafewmonths幾個(gè)月之后I'llbebackinalewminutes.我?guī)追昼姾蠡貋怼?3)固定搭配inthemorninginEnglishinaminuteinahurryintimeintheendinthemorninginEnglishinaminuteinahurryintimeintheend注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight.alLmost等詞之前一般不加介詞。如:thismorning今天早晨注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight.alLmost等詞之前一般不加介詞。如:thismorning今天早晨lastweek上周nextmonth下個(gè)月onemorning一天早晨tomorrowmorning明天早晨（on）thatday在那天（thatday更常用些）nextyear明年everyday每天yesterdayafternoon昨天下午allday/moming/night整天/整個(gè)早晨/整晚知識點(diǎn)2 地點(diǎn)、方位介詞at,in,on,above,below的用法l.at表示在某個(gè)具體地點(diǎn)，即“小地方”(比城市小)，如:athomeatschoolatthebusstationathomeatschoolatthebusstationatthecomer atthetopof attheschoolgateatthecrossroads atthefootof attheairport2.in"在…之中"，表示在某范圍之內(nèi)，或某個(gè)地方（城市，國家等大地方），如:Therearemanybooksinmyschoolbag.MygrandparentsareinBhelibraryinthelibraryinChinainthesky固定搭配：inthecarinthehospitalintheworldinthemiddleofinShanghaiintheeast注意：在某個(gè)地理范圍內(nèi)的“東、南、西、北'方,也用in.如:ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.3.on"在…之上”，表示某物體上面并與之接觸，如:Mybookisonthetable.固定搭配：onthedeskontheroadontheshelfonthedeskontheroadontheshelfonthewallontheplaygroundontheright/leftonabus/trainononeswaytoonbothsidesoftheriver注意：地理上與某個(gè)地方接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用。1】，如：ShanghaiisonthesouthofJiangsu.補(bǔ)充：地理上與某個(gè)地方不接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用M如:JapanistotheeastofChina.above意為“高出…”，”超過...”，指在……上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over）,與below相對，如：Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.below意為“在……之下,低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under）,如:Thefishwereswimmingbelowthesurfaceofthewater.Io圖示總結(jié)IoonOtQ“相鄰”“包#三.表運(yùn)動方向和位置的介詞：across/through/over/by經(jīng)過①across指橫穿，穿過.表示動作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.②through指穿過，透過，表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.③。ver表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過，不與表面接觸.④by/past表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.Canyouswimtheriver?/Theelephantissobigthatitcan'tgothegate.Idon'ttliiiikanyonecanjumpthefence./IwalkedthebankofChinayesterday.between,among①between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間：Thereisabankbetweenthepostofficeandthepolicestation.②among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間eg:Thcteacherisstandingamongthestudents.?in,into,outof①in：在 里面，用于表示靜止的位置。Hermotherworksinthehospital.②into：進(jìn)入，用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動方向，經(jīng)常與表示動作的動詞連用如,come,go.run.rush等。Thechildranintohismother'sarms,這小孩跑進(jìn)了它媽媽的懷里③outof：從……里出來，與into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn)動方向。如：AHthechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroomwhenthebellrang.四.表示方式的介詞with/in/by表示“用……”（注意格式的對齊）l.with表示“用…”一般指有形的工具/手段/人體器官.Hecuttheappleintohalvesaknife.注：with表伴隨「帶有.含有”Hecameinabigsmileonhisface.n a）表示用某種語言，方式，途徑.或書寫/繪畫所用的材料..CanyousayitEnglish?/Hewrotealetterblueink.b）以…方式inthisway用這種方法 behaveinapolitewayc）也可表交通方式travelinacar d）“穿著"inred穿紅色的衣服.bya）表示乘坐交通工具.travelbybusb）以 方式、方法或手段Istudyforatestworkingwithagroup..on a）通過studyontheair/radio通過廣播學(xué)習(xí) b）乘坐onabus/onabike注意：1）.byphone=onthephone2）.bycar=inacar3）.inpen=withapen=withpens五.范圍介詞In在 里邊inourclassbetween在兩者之間 betweenusamong在三者或三者以上的中間 amongstudentsbesides除了之外還有（包括后面的賓語）TomJimbesidesLily.except除了 之外(不包括后面的賓語)Tom.JimexceptLily.including包括Allthestudentsincludingme.六.介詞詞組辨析Lonthetree/inthetree①。nthetree表示“樹上本身長的東西”在樹上.②inthetree表示“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中”人或物在樹上.Therearesomeapplesthetree./Thewall/onthewall①inthewall表示“門窗在墻上”②onthewall表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”apicturethewallthewindowthewall.except/besides/exceptfor.except除了…之外,都…不包括在范圍之內(nèi)，排除同類的,WeallwentswimmingexceptLucy.J注：nothingbut…除了…之外，什么也沒有.Thereisnothingbutaletterinthebox..besides除了…之外，還有...包括在范圍之內(nèi).WestudyJapaneseandFrenchbesidesEnglishexceptfor句中的主語與exceptfor后的賓語不同類：Smithisagoodman.exceptforhisbadtemper.史密斯除了脾氣不好外，是個(gè)好人with/without.with具有，帶有 反義詞：without沒有詞組:withthehelpof=withone'shelp反義詞：withoutone'shelp.without的用法:A).without+sb./sth.沒有某人或某物.without+doingsth.Heleftherewithout(say)“Goodbye'tous.withoutsth常與if引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.Ifthereisnowater,wecan'tlive.=Wecan'tlive.bemade+介詞的區(qū)別：bemadeof由…制成(看得見原材料);bemadefrom由…制成(看不見原材料)bemadein+地點(diǎn)由哪兒生產(chǎn)：bemadebysb.由某人制造bemadeinto+成品制成某種產(chǎn)品since/for (常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).l).since:a).since+表示過去的時(shí)間短語(since+yesterday/twoyearsago/lastweek)b)since+過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子2)for:for+段時(shí)間=since+過去的時(shí)間7.其他固定搭配befullof充滿；befilledwith裝滿 ：bebornin出生于：besureof確信:beusedto習(xí)慣于…;belatefor遲到:bestrictwithsb對某人要求嚴(yán)格:beexcitedabout對…感到激動。介詞與動詞的固定搭配：arrivein/at到達(dá)大/小地方： agreewith同意，贊同：askfor要求，請求catchupwith趕上，追上：comefrom來自； dowellin在 做得好：decideon決定； fallbehind落后；getto到達(dá)：gotoschool去上學(xué):getonwith與某人相處：goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做某事： gotobcd（sleep）去睡覺；gotothecinema去看電影;havenothingwith與 無關(guān)；hearof聽說；hearfrom收到…來信； help…with…在（某方而）幫助； handin交上來。8、常用的詞組athome在家 inEnglish用英語atnight在夜里 intheend最后atwork上班 inthestreet在街上atschool上學(xué) introuble有麻煩beafraidof害怕 knockat敲（門）befullof充滿 laughat嘲笑begoodat擅長 listento聽 bytheway順便提一下 lookafter照料bekindto對 好 lookat看 belatefor遲到 ofcourse當(dāng)然getreadyfor為 做準(zhǔn)備 ononefswayto在去某地的路上goover復(fù)習(xí) ontheleft/right在左/右邊handin上交 ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)helponeselfto隨便吃 takepartin參加hundredsof成百的 talkabout談?wù)搃nahurry匆匆忙忙地 takecareof照料

inaminute會兒后waitforinaminute會兒后waitfor等待9.不用介詞的情況：L當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí)，不用介詞.Whatareyougoingtodotonight?2,含有this.that,these,those,last,next,every,each等時(shí)間狀語.HewenttoWuhanlastweek..以all開頭的時(shí)間狀語前而不用介詞.Hehasworkedallday..以some.any,one等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語前不用介詞.Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning.=Hemetabadmanacoldmorning.三、【典例探究】[例題1]:( )1.BettyArrivedParistheeveningofJune1.A.at;inB.on;onC.in;in D.in;on答案：D(解析：本題主要考查國家和城市前面需要加介詞in,在具體的某一天的早上、中午、晚上，要用介詞on“)( )2.Mymotherisusuallybusyhouseworkatnome.A.do B.with C.inD.for答案：B(解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于busy的固定搭配"bebusy(m)doing'withsth”(忙于做某事。)學(xué)生只要掌握這個(gè)用法就可以輕而易舉的解題了。)( )3.Itwassofoolishhimtoaskhersuchaquestion.A.of B.for C.toD.with答案：A(解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于it的固定搭配“Itis+adj.+todosth”其中Itis+adj.+ofsbtodosth前面的形容詞主要是表示人的品行的.如：kind.good,nice.wrong,careless,wise,foolish.polite,clever…….則由of連接人若形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對不定式行為者的品格進(jìn)行評價(jià),用forsb.,這類形容詞有difficult,easy,hard,important>dangerous?(ini)possible等等。( )4.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsandmovingtotherichlandinthesouthofChina.A.from B.with C.atD.on答案：A(解析：本題主要考查slop的用法“stop…doingsth.阻止某事的發(fā)生)建議學(xué)生能夠枳累一些關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配）四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習(xí)1]LFillintheblankswithproperprepositionsTheplanearrivedatLondonairportWednesday.WhatdoyouusuallydoChristmas?Thefirstclassbegins8o'clockthemoniing.WewillbeinNanjingTuesday.Mr.Blackwillvisitournewschoolbuildingtwodays.theendoflastspringWanghaijoinedthearmytheend.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.Theplaneisflyingthemountains.TheDeadSeaisthesealevel.TaiwanisthesoutheastofChina.ChildrengetgiftsNewYear'sDayandtheirbirthdays.Thesportsmeetingwasheldasunnyday.Thereisawindowthewall.Thereisamapandaclockwallourclassroom.Tomgoestoschoolhisfatherscareveryday.【答案】Lon 2.at3.at,in4.on 5.in 6.ALin7./8.above9.belowlO.in11.on,on12.on13.in14.on.in15.inILChoosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福￤etraveledovernightandarrivedhomethemorning.A.on;in B.at;in C.in;in D.at;onLookthemapofChinathewall,please.Aat;inB.for;at C.at;on D.on;inThecarisstartingfiveminutes.A.at B.on C.in D.ofWereturnedtoourhometown.A.inlastweek B.inthelastweekC.lastweek D.foraweekChildrenwakeupveryearlythemorningofChristmasDay.A.in B.on C.for D.atWhydidyougetupsoearlythismorning?A.on B./ C.at D.inHearrivedShanghai9:30March5.A.at;in;at B.to;on;atC.in;on;at D.in;at;onMissWangiscomingtoBeijingtwodays.A.after B.in C.on D.beforeTheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwontheend.A.by B.at C.in D.on10.NewYearsEve,peopleusuallydon'tgotobeduntilmidnight.A.in B.at C.on D.for【答案】l.B;2,C;3.C;4,C;5.B:6.B;7.D:8.B;9.C;10.C【鞏固】【練習(xí)1]I.填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~Mypencil-caseisLiLei'sdesk.Thereisabridgetheriver.Theplaneisflyingtheclouds.Pleasedonotwritethisline.Thefishswimthebridge.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.HeonlywatchesbasketballgameTV.EnglandisthesouthofIrelandandtheeastofEurope.theafternoonofthisSunday,myuncleisarrivingShanghai.

amgoingtomeethimthestationthisevening.【答案】Lon2.over3.above4.below5.below677.on8.on,to 9.on,inlO.at,/ILChoosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福㏒outhKorealiestheeastofAsia,thesouthofNorthKorea.A.in;on B.on;in C.in;to D.on;onJiangsuistheeastofChina,butJapanistheeastofChina.A.to;in B.in;to C.on;to D.to;onTheUnitedStatesisthesouthofCanadaandtheeastofJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;onA.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;onTherewasabigsmileourteachefsface.Aoff B.near C.onTheywillhaveamathtesttwodays.A.for B.at C.inD.betweenD.afterWehadourbreakfastaquarterseven.A.Ato B.in;to C.at,to D.on,toDon'tshouttheoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepoliteher.A.to;atat;to C.in;for D.from;forTherewasabigsmileourteachefsface.Aoff B.near C.onTheywillhaveamathtesttwodays.A.for B.at C.inD.betweenD.afterWehadourbreakfastaquarterseven.A.Ato B.in;to C.at,to D.on,toDon'tshouttheoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepoliteher.A.to;atat;to C.in;for D.from;forHastheteachergivenyouanyadviceyourEnglishstudy?A.from B.with C.on D.inAlittlemonkeyisplayingatreeandtherearealotofbananasit.A.on;on B.in;on C.on;in D.in;inWhoaretheboysgreensportsshirts?A.with B.in C.at D.from【答案]LA;2.B;3.B:4.C;5.C;6.C;7.B:8.C;9.B;10.B【拔高】【練習(xí)1].Alargegroupofstudentsarewaitingthebusstopfortheschoolbus.A.for B.at C.toD.on.Tom,youarethepersonFmlooking!Cometohelpmedealwithdiecase.A.atB.for C.after D.upA.atB.for C.after D.up.PeopleonChongmingIslandcangotoShanghaiundergroundsoon.Ain Bby Cat Don.AustraliaisfamousitsPmkLake,butnowpeoplecantenjoythesceneryanylonger.A.for B.with C.of D.from.Theliftinourbuildingsuddenlybrokedownandwegottrappedfloors.A.in B.on C.between D.among.Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtodigthemountaintomakeatunnel（隧道）.A.across B.through C.above D.throughout.ThefilmWolfWarriors11turnedtobeabigsuccessin2017.A.out B.over C.on D.downtwasabsolutelyimpossibletobuildafirethatcoldwinternight.A.on B.in C.of D.by.Franceisfamousitsgreatwine,touristattractionsandfashionshows.A.as B.for C.to D.with.A:Fmtliirsty.rdlikeaglassoforangejuice.Whataboutyou,Dad?B:Ipreferacupofcoffeenothinginit.A.with B.withoutC.for D.to.TlietourguidehappenedtomeetahugefiercemonsterMysteryIsland.A.inB.on C.at D.by1wasangrymyselfformakingsuchastupidmistake.A.of B.at C.with D.for.Leadersfrom20countriesandorganizationattendedtheHangzhouG20SummitScptemben2016.A.onB.in C.at D.for.NichoIssetearlythismorningforhisfarmhouseinCalifornia.A.withBoffCabout Dup.PleaseconnectthespeakerstheCDplayersothatwecanhearthesongsclearly.A.by B.of C.at D.to.Let\havearestthetimebeing,thenwewillcontinuetodiscusstheplanA.on B.in C.at D.for17.USpresidentDonaldTnimpstartedhisvisittoChinaNovember8,2017.A.with B.in C.on D.of18.Ourheadmasteralwaysencouragestheschoolcookstoservehealthymealsjunkfood.A.under B.ofC.with D.withoutInsteadtellinghimtheanswer,theteacherhelpedhimtoreadthetextagain.A.of B.for C.at D.toLilyspentyearscaringhersickuncle.A.of B.at C.for D.withAgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivityDec.20由.A.in B.on C.to D.atSomeyoungparentsareunawarethedangerofgivingtheirbabiessmartphones.A.with B.for C.in D.of23.Therewere22medicalserviceareastheroutein2017ShanghaiMarathon.A.alongB.with C.through D.across24.SuefsstillveryangrymeforforgettingherbirthdayA)for B)to C.with D)by25.Theworld'ssmallestlizardhasbeendiscoveredasmallCaribbeanisland.A)onB)in C)forD)atrememberthatmycousinPetercametoseeusaverycoldnightlasttime.A)in B)on C)at D)witht,scommonknowledgethatleaveschangefromgreentobrownautumn.A)at B)on C)by D)in.Withanaveragetemperatureof20degrees,springisitswaytoShanghai.A)on B)in C)of D)by.Thestorysoundsquitefamiliarme.andIgotalittlebored.A)off B)for C)to D)with.Tomysurprise,theanswerturnedtobequiterightatlast.A)into B)down C)out D)in.The24thWinterOlympicswillbeheldinBeijingFebruary.2022.A)in B)on C)at D)byapologizedtotheteachernotfinishingtheexercisesintime.A)for B)at C)as D)ofHowmuchtimedoyouspendyourstudyeveryday?A)in B)on C)at D)with.ThemanagerwasangryMorrisbecausehesente-mailstothewrongcustomeragain.A.at B.to C.with D.from.Zhujiajiao.anoldtownwithahistoryofhundredsofyears,liesthewestofShanghai.A.on B.in C.to D.among.ThetraveleraskedsomewaterwhenhepassedGraimyLi'shouse.A.by B.for C.with D.of.WeallknowMother'sDayiscelebratedthesecondSundayofMay.A)in B)to C)on D)at.Thelawpreventsbusinessmenbuyingandsellingivory,toothoftheelephant.A.by B.of C.againstD.from.LastweekendImetaforeignerinthestreetandshowedhimthewayEnglish.A)with B)on C)in D)by.Arightfashionablescarf,necklace,beltetc.canaddvarietysimpleclothes.A)for B)by C)with D)to.Jerrylosthiswayinthefield.thegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.A.or B.for C.but D.so答案：BBBAABAABABCBBDDCDACBDACABDACCAABCBBCDCDB五、【課后鞏固】【習(xí)題1】一、填入正確的介詞。LThereisamapoftheworldthewall.Thestationismyhome.Ittakesonlyafewminutestogetthere.Thesunrisestheeastandgoesdown.thewest.ShecomesEngland.Who^knockin