新初二英語閱讀理解猜測詞義題

新初二英語閱讀理解猜測詞義題新初二英語閱讀理解猜測詞義題新初二英語閱讀理解猜測詞義題資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月新初二英語閱讀理解猜測詞義題版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：如何猜測閱讀理解題中的生詞詞義詞匯是閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)的基礎(chǔ)。我們必須掌握教材中所學(xué)所有的單詞和詞組；了解構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，如熟記一些常見的前綴、后綴，以及詞語的合成和轉(zhuǎn)化等；并且要進(jìn)行大量的課外閱讀擴(kuò)大自己的詞匯量。盡管如此，在閱讀中還是不可避免會(huì)遇到生詞或者熟詞生義，因此，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)如何猜測詞義。任何一個(gè)詞語，在一定的上下文中只能表示一個(gè)確定的詞義。據(jù)此，我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義，即從已知推求未知，也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義時(shí)，我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來考慮：根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Whatdoestheword“carpenter”meaninChinese?

A.詩人B.木匠 C.廚師D.伐木工人通過理解定語從句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短語).Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag”.Itisthesameas“totellasecret”….Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“l(fā)etsthecatoutofthebag.”John“l(fā)etsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe______.A.makeseveryoneknowasecret B.thewomanboutacatC.buysacatinthebag D.sellsthecatinthebag在這篇文章里，“l(fā)etthecatoutofthebag”雖然是一個(gè)新出現(xiàn)的短語，但緊接著后面就給出解釋Itisthesameas“totellasecret”根據(jù)這一解釋，我們就可判斷出正確答案應(yīng)為A。二、根據(jù)情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Inthetext,“putanendto”means“______”.A.StopB.CutC.KillD.fly根據(jù)文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他們肯定會(huì)去制止。因?yàn)橹浦勾蚣芏窔蔷斓穆氊?zé)。根據(jù)這一推理，答案應(yīng)該是A。三、根據(jù)并列或同位或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測詞義Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?A.自來水B.大氣 C.冰川D.蒸汽從語法上看，steam和hotwater是并列關(guān)系，我們就以斷定這兩種東西是相關(guān)的，是同一類物質(zhì)。在所給第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“蒸汽”有這種可能。ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Whatdoestheword“grubby”meaninChinese?

A.干凈的B.白皙的C.骯臟的D.整齊的和clean意思相對(duì)的是“骯臟的”，因此可猜出句中g(shù)rubby的意思是“骯臟的”四、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義

通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.Whatdoestheword“blame”meaninChinese?

A.表揚(yáng)B.告訴C.責(zé)備D.原諒?fù)ㄟ^for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可知blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"。 Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.Whatdoestheword“trim”meaninChinese?根據(jù)because從句所講的意思，我們就可推測trim就是“修剪”之意五、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測詞義根據(jù)學(xué)過的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，（dis－disadvantage（缺點(diǎn)）in-incorrect（不正確的）im-impossible（不可能的）un-unemployment（失業(yè)）mis－misunderstand（誤解）Re-

reuse（重復(fù)使用）就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如：ThecolorsofHawaiiinSummerareunforgettable.Whatdoestheword“unforgettable”meaninChinese?

A.淡忘的B.清晰的C.難忘的D.高興的利用構(gòu)詞法常識(shí)和我們已熟悉的詞forget，我們可以知道unforgettable就是“令人難忘的”意思。六、根據(jù)背景和常識(shí)判斷ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive(caged)birdwasdoing,Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasterriblysurprised!Whathadhappened!Ihadtakenextremelycareofmylittlebird.ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird,explainedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries(毒莓).Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”Anornithologist['?rn?'θɑl?d??st]isprobablyapersonwho______.A.studiesbirdsB.lovescreaturesC.majorsinhabitsD.takescareoftreesOrnithologist這個(gè)詞從來沒有見到過，但是通過他的語言我們可以判斷出這是一個(gè)對(duì)鳥很有研究的人。我很愛鳥，把鳥裝在籠子里，并細(xì)心照料，而且鳥的母親也飛過來喂這只鳥，但這只鳥卻死了，我很不理解。到我家來的這個(gè)人給我詳細(xì)解釋了鳥死的原因，說明這個(gè)人非常懂鳥。據(jù)此，我們可以斷定答案是A。A. 閱讀以下名片，并回答問題（建議只看一遍）ChaoyangForeignLanguageSchoolHarryGreenEnglishTeacherAdd:38ChaoyangStreetBeijing100029E-mail:chinlj@Tel:(010)65794231BeijingChildrenHospitalZhangjingDoctorAdd:56NanlishiRoadBeijing100045Tel:(010)68028401()1.Harryisa________,andZhangjingisa________.A.teacher,teacherB.doctor,doctorC.teacher,doctor()2.Ifchildisill,youmaycallZhangjing.Hertelephonenumberis_______A.(010)6594231B.(010)68028401C.100029()3.Acardmainlytellsusaperson's_____.A.nameandworkB.telephonenumberC.bothAandB()4.HarryGreene-mailis_________.A.chinlj@B.chanlj@C.chinj@()5.ZhangJing'spostalcodeis_____.A.100045B.100029C.(010)68028401答案CBCAA這道題，建議只看一遍是為了測試看你的瞬間記憶能力如何，在實(shí)際的日常生活中，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到類似的問題。閱讀第一篇?？?，簡單，快速，用時(shí)少B. Mostpeoplewhoworkintheofficehaveaboss(老板).SodoI(我也是).Butmybossisalittleunusual.What'sunusualabouthim

It'sabigdig.Manymenhavedogs,butfewmenbringtheirdogstotheofficeeveryday.Myboss'sdog,Robinson,isbigandbrown.Mybossbringshimtoworkeveryday.Hetakesthedogtomeetingsandhetakesthedogtolunch.Whenthereistelephonecallformyboss,Ialwaysknowifheisintheoffice.Ionlylookunderhisdesk.IfIseesomethingbrownandhairy(毛絨絨的)underit,Iknowmybossissomewhereintheoffice.Ifthereisnodog,Iknowmybossisout.1.People_________bringdogstotheoffice.A.usuallyB.oftenC.seldom(幾乎不)D.sometimes2.MybossisRobinson's________.A.bossB.masterC.classmateD.teacher3.Robinsongoestomeetings_________myboss.A.forB.without C.insteadof(代替)D.with4.Robinsonisalwaysunderthedeskifthebossis_________.A.intheofficeB.atmeetings C.outoftheofficeD.outofwork5.Thepassagetellsustheboss_________thedogverymuch.A.lookslikeB.hates(恨)C.likesD.trust(信任)答案CBDAC1.由日常生活的常識(shí)可知，很少有人帶狗上班2.通讀全文，我的BOSS是個(gè)人，也就是說是狗的主人3.with有“跟某人一起”的意思，例如：Igotoseeafilmwithmyparents.”5.通過整篇文章的閱讀，可以判斷除了C外，其他的選項(xiàng)都不符合原文的意思C.WhenpeoplemeeteachotherforthefirsttimeinBritain,theysay“Howdoyoudo?”andshakehands(握手).Usuallytheydonotshakehandswhentheyjustmeetorsaygoodbye.Buttheyshakehandsaftertheyhaven’tmetforalongtimeorwhentheywillbeawayfromeachotherforalongtime.LastyearagroupofGermanstudentswenttoEnglandforaholiday.TheirteachertoldthemthattheEnglishpeoplehardlyshakehands.SowhentheymettheirEnglishfriendsatthestation,theykepttheirhandsbehindtheirbacks.TheEnglishstudentshadlearnedthattheGermansshakehandsasoftenaspossible,sotheyputtheirhandsinfrontandgotreadytoshakehandswiththem.Itmadebothofthemlaugh.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案，將其標(biāo)號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi)。（2×5）（1）Itisifyouknowthelanguageandsomeofthecustomsofthecountry.A.notusefulB.nothelpfulC.veryhelpfulD.verybad（2）Englishpeopleusuallyshakehandswhenthey.A.meeteverytimeB.meetforthefirsttimeC.saygoodbyetoeachotherD.sayhellotoeachother（3）UsuallyEnglishpeopledon’tshakehands.A.whentheywillbeawayforalongtimeB.whentheysay“Howdoyoudo?”C.whentheyjustmeetorsaygoodbyeD.aftertheyhaven’tmetforalongtime（4）WhichisrightA.Germanpeopleshakehandsasoftenaspossible.B.Englishpeoplelikeshakinghandsverymuch.C.Germanpeoplehardlyshakehands.D.NeitherEnglishpeoplenorGermanslikeshakinghands.（5）Thisstoryisabout.A.shakinghandsB.languagesC.customsD.languagesandcustoms答案：(1)C(2)B(3)C(4)A(5)CD. VisitorstoLondonofteneatinrestaurants.Theownersandworkersinthemareallfromothercountries.Thevisitorssayintheserestaurantstheydon'tfeeltheyareinEngland.MostofEnglishpeopleeatathomeasmuchastheycan.Sometimestheythemselveswillthinktheyareinanothercountrywhentheyareinrestaurants.WhenanEnglishmangoesoutofarestaurant,hemayfindthathedoesn'tunderstandwhyeverythingiswritteninFrenchandItalian.MostofEnglishpeoplethinkitisbettertoeatathome,becauseitischeaper.Theydon'twanttospendmuchmoneyonfoodandtheylikecookingathome.Theylikefastfood.ButforChristmas,theywillspendtwoorthreeweekstogetreadyforit,becausetheywanttohavegoodfood.6.VisitorstoLondonofteneatinrestaurantsbecause_________.A.theydon'tlikethefoodathomeB.theirhomesarenotinLondonC.it'scheaperD.restaurantsarebeautifulplaces7.WhenEnglishpeopleeatinrestaurants,theysometimesthink__________.A.theyareinanothercountryB.theyareinthecountryC.theyarethemselvesD.theylovetheircountry8.SomeofEnglishpeopledon'tknow__________.A.whyeverythingcomesfromFrenchandItalianB.whypeoplewriteeverythinginFrenchandItalianC.everythinginrestaurantsD.everyoneinrestaurants9.Englishpeopleeatathomebecause__________.A.itisfastB.thefoodisexpensiveathomeC.itissometimesverycheapD.thefoodisverycheapathome10._________EnglishpeoplewillspendmuchtimeforChristmas.A.InordertogetmorefoodB.InordertohavemuchfoodC.InordertogetgoodfoodD.Inordertohaveenoughfood6.B游客由于家不在倫敦，只好到餐館吃飯。7.A由于英國人不習(xí)慣在外吃飯，就餐者多為外國人，因此英國人誤以為在外國。8.B英國人搞不明白為什么餐館里的東西用法語和意大利語來寫。9.D英國人在家吃飯，主要原因是便宜。10.C為了在過圣誕節(jié)時(shí)能吃上豐盛的飯菜，英國人總要花上很長時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備。E.Theworldisnothungry,butitisthirsty.Itseemsstrangethatnearly3/4oftheearthiscoveredwithwaterwhilewesayweareshortof(短缺)water.Why

Becauseabout97%ofwaterontheearthisseawaterwhichwecan'tdrinkoruseforwateringplantsdirectly(直接地).Mancanonlydrinkandusethe3%-thewaterthatcomesfromriversandlakes.Andwecan'tevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofithasbeenpolluted(污染).

Nowmorewaterisneeded.Theproblemis:Canweavoid(避免)aseriouswatershortagelateronFirst,weshouldalllearnhowtosavewater.Secondly,weshouldfindoutthewaystoreuseit.Scientistshavealwaysbeenmakingstudiesinthefield.Today,inmostlargecitieswaterisusedonlyonceandthenrunstotheseaorrivers.Butitcanbeusedagain.Evenif(即使)everylargecityreuseditswater,stilltherewouldnotbeenough.Whatcouldpeopleturntonext

Theseaseemstohavethebestanswer.Thereisalotofwaterinthesea.Allthatneedstobedoneistogetthesaltoutoftheseawater.Thisisexpensive,butit'salreadyusedinmanypartsoftheworld.Scientistsaretryingtofindacheaperwayofdoingit.Soyousee,ifwecanfindawayout,we'llbeinnodangerofdryingup.1.Theworldisthirstybecause________.A.3/4oftheearthiscoveredwithwaterB.wehaveenoughseawatertousedirectlyC.wehaven'tusedallthewaterinriversandlakesD.about97%ofwaterontheearthcan'tbedrunkorusedforwateringplantsdirectly2.WhichofthefollowingistrueA.3%ofwaterontheearthisinriversandlakes.B.75%ofwaterontheearthisthesea.C.97%oftheearthiscoveredwithwater.D.3%ofwaterontheearthisseawater.3.Fromthepassagewelearn_________.A.ifeverycityreusesitswater,we'llbeinnodangerofdryingupB.mancanonlydrinkanduseabout25%ofwaterontheearthC.todayinmostlargecitieswaterisusedonlyonceD.watercanbeusedonlyonce4.Toavoidtheseriouswatershortage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportant?A.Savewaterandtrytomakegooduseofthewaterinriversandlakes.B.Don'tpollutewaterandkeepallriversandlakesclean.C.Makedirtywatercleanandthenreuseit.D.Trytofindacheaperwaytogetthesaltoutoftheseawater.5.Thenameofthepassagewouldbe________A.TheSeaWaterB.HowtoSaveWaterC.TheThirstyWorldD.ThePollutedWater答案1．D2．A3．C4．D5．C其中5．是主旨大意題。文章第一段敘述世界上僅有3％的水能使用；第二段敘述人們需要淡水，想盡辦法節(jié)約用水；第三段概述海水淡化的昂貴以及缺水的危險(xiǎn)。本文著重解釋為什么地球是個(gè)thirstyworld，如何解決它的饑渴，故選CF.Wespentadayinthecountryandpickedalotofflowers.Ourcarwasfullofflowersinside!Onthewayhomewehadtostopattrafficlights,andtheremywifesawthebookshelf.Itstoodoutsideafurniture(家具)shop."Buyit,"shesaidatonce."We'llcarryithomeontheroof-rack(車頂架).I'vealwayswantedonelikethat."WhatcouldIdoTenminuteslaterIwastwentydollarspoorer,andthebookshelfwastiedontotheroof-rack.Itwastallandnarrow,quiteheavytoo.Asitwasgettingdarker,Idroveslowly.Otherdriversseemedmorepolitethanusualthatevening.Thepoliceevenstoppedtraffictoletusthrough.Carryingfurniturewasagoodidea.Afteratimemywifesaid,"There'salonglineofcarsbehind.Whydon'ttheyovertake(超車)"Justatthattimeapolicecardidovertake.Thetwoofficers(警官)insidelookedatusseriouslywhentheywentpast.Butthen,withakindsmiletheyaskedustofollowtheircarthroughthebusytraffic.Thepolicecarstoppedatourvillagechurch(教堂).Oneoftheofficescametome."Right,sir,"hesaid."Doyouneedanymorehelpnow"Ididn'tquiteunderstand."Thanks,officer,"Isaid."You'vebeenverykind.Ilivedjustdowntheroad."Hewaslookingatourthings:firstattheflowers,thenatthebookshelf."Well,Well,"hesaidandlaughed."It'sabookshelfyou'vegotthere!Wethoughtitwas-er,somethingelse."Mywifebegantolaugh.SuddenlyIunderstoodwhythepolicedrovehere.Ismiledattheofficer."Yes,it'sabookshelf,butthanksagain."IdrovehomeasfastasIcould.1.Fromthestoryweknowthat___________.A.thewriterwaspooranddidn'tbuythebookshelfforhiswifeB.thewriter'swifedidn'tlikethebookshelfatallC.thewriterwasalwaysgladtobuysomethingforhiswifeD.thewriterwasnotverywillingtobuythebookshelfforhiswife2.Whatmadethewriterthinkthatcarryingfurniturewas"agoodidea"A.Hecoulddriveslowlyanditwassafe.B.Otherdriverswouldlethimgofirst.C.Hiswifecoulduseanewbookshelf.D.Hecouldsavealotofmoneyandtime.3.Whywerethepoliceandotherdriverssokindtothewriter?

A.Becausetheythoughtthewriterlikedstudyingverymuchandneededabookshelf.B.Becausetheydidn'tthinkitwaspolitetoovertakeacarwithabookshelfonit.C.Becausetheythoughtsomebodyinthewriter'sfamilyhaddiedandheneededhelp.D.Becausetheythoughtitwasdangeroustocarryabookshelfonacar.4.Whydidthewriter'swifebegintolaugh?

A.Becausenowsheknewwhatmistakethepolicehadmade.B.Becauseatlastherhusbandunderstoodwhythepolicehaddriventothechurch.C.Becausetheofficerwasalwayslookingattheflowersandthebookshelf.D.Becausethepolicehadhelpedthemalot.5.Whendidtheofficersbegintorealize(意識(shí)到)theyhadmadeamistake?

A.Beforetheyarrivedatthechurch.B.Beforetheyovertookthewriter'scarC.Afteroneofthemlookedattheflowersandthebookshelfcarefullyatthechurch.D.Afterthewriter'sfamilyleftthechurch.答案:1．D。文中有這樣的句子：Whatcouldldo

TenminuteslaterIwastwentydollarspoorer…可以看出作者是出于無奈才買的書架2．B。因?yàn)榇蠹叶紴樗麄冏屄贰?．C。此題是推理題，因?yàn)闀茉偌由硝r花，看上去很像棺材，所以其他人對(duì)他們都很有禮貌，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為作者家有人去世了。4．A。5．C。本題是細(xì)節(jié)題，從文中可直接找到答案。G. Averynew,youngofficerwasatastation.Hewasonhisw