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Chapter2E-Marketplaces:Structures,Mechanisms,Economics,andImpacts?2008PearsonPrenticeHall,ElectronicCommerce2008,EfraimTurban,etal.Chapter2E-Marketplaces:StrucLearningObjectivesDefinee-marketplacesandlisttheircomponents.Listthemajortypesofe-marketplacesanddescribetheirfeatures.DescribethevarioustypesofECintermediariesandtheirroles.Describeelectroniccatalogs,shoppingcarts,andsearchengines.Describethemajortypesofauctionsandlisttheircharacteristics.2LearningObjectivesDefinee-maLearningObjectivesDiscussthebenefits,limitations,andimpactsofauctions.Describebarteringandnegotiatingonline.Definem-commerceandexplainitsroleasamarketmechanism.Discusscompetitioninthedigitaleconomy.Describetheimpactofe-marketplacesonorganizationsandindustries.3LearningObjectivesDiscusstheE-Marketplacese-marketplace Anonlinemarket,usuallyB2B,inwhichbuyersandsellersexchangegoodsorservices;thethreetypesof e-marketplacesareprivate,public,andconsortia4E-Marketplacese-marketplace4E-Marketplaces5E-Marketplaces5E-Marketplacesmarketspace Amarketplaceinwhichsellersandbuyersexchangegoodsandservicesformoney(orforothergoodsandservices)butdosoelectronically6E-Marketplacesmarketspace6E-MarketplacesCustomersSellersProductsandservicesdigitalproducts GoodsthatcanbetransformedtodigitalformatanddeliveredovertheInternetInfrastructureFrontendBackendIntermediaries ThirdpartiesthatoperatesbetweensellersandbuyersOtherbusinesspartnersSupportservicesE-MarketplaceComponentsandParticipants7E-MarketplacesCustomersInfrastE-Marketplacesfrontend Theportionofane-seller’sbusinessprocessesthroughwhichcustomersinteract,includingtheseller’sportal,electroniccatalogs,ashoppingcart,asearchengine,andapaymentgatewaybackend Theactivitiesthatsupportonlineorderfulfillment,inventorymanagement,purchasingfromsuppliers,paymentprocessing,packaging,anddelivery8E-Marketplacesfrontend8TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsElectronicStorefrontsstorefront Asinglecompany’sWebsitewhereproductsorservicesaresolde-mall(onlinemall) AnonlineshoppingcenterwheremanyonlinestoresarelocatedVisualizationandvirtualrealtyinshoppingmalls9TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsTypesofStoresandMallsGeneralstores/mallsSpecializedstores/mallsRegionalversusglobalstoresPure-playonlineorganizationsversusclick-and-mortarstores10TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortals11TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsTypesofE-Marketplacesprivatee-marketplaces Onlinemarketsownedbyasinglecompany;maybeeithersell-sideand/orbuy-sidee-marketplacessell-sidee-marketplace Aprivatee-marketplaceinwhichonecompanysellseitherstandardand/orcustomizedproductstoqualifiedcompaniesbuy-sidee-marketplace Aprivatee-marketplaceinwhichonecompanymakespurchasesfrominvitedsuppliers12TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsTypesofE-Marketplacespublice-marketplaces B2Bmarketplaces,usuallyownedand/ormanagedbyanindependentthirdparty,thatincludemanysellersandmanybuyers;alsoknownasexchanges13TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsinformationportal AsinglepointofaccessthroughaWebbrowsertobusinessinformationinsideand/oroutsideanorganizationTypesofPortalsCommercial(public)CorporatePublishingPersonalMobileVoiceKnowledge14TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortals15TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTransactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceSellers,Buyers,andTransactionsAseller(retailer,wholesaler,ormanufacturer)sellstocustomersThesellerbuysfromsuppliers:eitherrawmaterial(asamanufacturer)orfinishedgoods(asaretailer)16Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commerce17Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceTheRolesandValueofIntermediariesinE-marketplacesinfomediaries Electronicintermediariesthatprovideand/orcontrolinformationflowincyberspace,oftenaggregatinginformationandsellingittoothers18Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceAbrokerisacompanythatfacilitatestransactionsbetweenbuyersandsellersTypesofbrokersBuy/sellfulfillmentVirtualmallMetamediaryBountySearchagentShoppingfacilitator19Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceIntermediariescanaddressthefollowingfiveimportantlimitationsofdirectinteraction:SearchcostsLackofprivacyIncompleteinformationContractriskPricinginefficiencies20Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commercee-distributor Ane-commerceintermediarythatconnectsmanufacturerswithbusinessbuyers(customers)byaggregatingthecatalogsofmanymanufacturersinoneplace—theintermediary’sWebsite21Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commercedisintermediation Eliminationofintermediariesbetweensellersandbuyersreintermediation Establishmentofnewintermediaryrolesfortraditionalintermediariesthathavebeendisintermediated,orfornewcomers22Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commerce23Transactions,Intermediation,ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanismselectroniccatalogs Thepresentationofproductinformationinanelectronicform;thebackboneofmoste-sellingsitesThreedimensionsofelectroniccatalogs:ThedynamicsoftheinformationpresentationThedegreeofcustomizationIntegrationwithbusinessprocesses24ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanisms25ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanismssearchengine AcomputerprogramthatcanaccessdatabasesofInternetresources,searchforspecificinformationorkeywords,andreporttheresultssoftware(intelligent)agent Softwarethatcanperformroutinetasksthatrequireintelligence26ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanismselectronicshoppingcart Anorder-processingtechnologythatallowscustomerstoaccumulateitemstheywishtobuywhiletheycontinuetoshop27ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsauction Acompetitiveprocessinwhichasellersolicitsconsecutivebidsfrombuyers(forwardauctions)orabuyersolicitsbidsfromsellers(backwardauctions).Pricesaredetermineddynamicallybythebids28AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsTraditionalAuctionsversus E-AuctionsLimitationsoftraditionalofflineauctionsrapidprocessgivespotentialbuyerslittletimetomakeadecisionelectronicauction(e-auction) Auctionsconductedonlinedynamicpricing Pricesthatchangebasedonsupplyanddemandrelationshipsatanygiventime29AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsTypesofAuctionsOnebuyer,onesellerOneseller,manypotentialbuyersforwardauction Anauctioninwhichasellerentertainsbidsfrombuyers.Biddersincreasepricesequentially30AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsOnebuyer,manypotentialsellersreverseauction(biddingortenderingsystem) Auctioninwhichthebuyerplacesanitemforbid(tender)onarequestforquote(RFQ)system,potentialsuppliersbidonthejob,withthepricereducingsequentially,andthelowestbidwins;primarilyaB2BorG2Bmechanism“name-your-own-price”model Auctionmodelinwhichawould-bebuyerspecifiestheprice(andotherterms)heorsheiswillingtopaytoanywillingandableseller.ItisaC2BmodelthatwaspioneeredbyP31AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanisms32AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsManysellers,manybuyersdoubleauction Auctionsinwhichmultiplebuyersandtheirbiddingpricesarematchedwithmultiplesellersandtheiraskingprices,consideringthequantitiesonbothsides33AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsBenefitsofE-AuctionsBenefitstoSellersBenefitstoBuyersBenefitstoE-AuctioneersLimitationsofE-AuctionsMinimalsecurityPossibilityoffraudLimitedparticipation34AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsImpactsofAuctionsAuctionsasacoordinationmechanismAuctionsasasocialmechanismtodetermineapriceAuctionsasahighlyvisibledistributionmechanismAuctionsasanECcomponent35AuctionsasECMarketMechanisBarteringandNegotiatingOnlineOnlineBarteringbartering Theexchangeofgoodsorservicese-bartering(electronicbartering) Barteringconductedonline,usuallyinabarteringexchangebarteringexchange Amarketplaceinwhichanintermediaryarrangesbartertransactions36BarteringandNegotiatingOnliBarteringandNegotiatingOnlineOnlineNegotiatingNegotiatedpricingcommonlyisusedforexpensiveorspecializedproductsNegotiatedpricesalsoarepopularwhenlargequantitiesarepurchasedMuchlikeauctions,negotiatedpricesresultfrominteractionsandbargainingamongsellersandbuyers37BarteringandNegotiatingOnliE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentmobilecomputing Useofportabledevices,includingsmartcellphones,usuallyinawirelessenvironment.Itpermitsreal-timeaccesstoinformation,applications,andtoolsthat,untilrecently,wereaccessibleonlyfromadesktopcomputer38E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentmobilecommerce(m-commerce) E-commerceconductedviawirelessdevicesm-business Thebroadestdefinitionofm-commerce,inwhiche-businessisconductedinawirelessenvironment39E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentTheMobilityRevolutionOrganizationsareembracingmobilizedcomputingtechnologiesforseveralreasons:ImprovedproductivityofworkersinthefieldWirelesstelecomsupportformobilityisgrowingquicklyMoreapplicationscanrunbothonlineandofflineThepricesofnotebookcomputers,wirelesshandhelds,andsmartphonescontinuetofallastheircapabilitiesincrease40E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentThePromiseofM-Commercelocation-basedcommerce(LBC) Anm-commerceapplicationtargetedtoacustomerwhoselocation,preferences,andneedsareknowninrealtimeM-CommerceAdoptionAlthoughtherearecurrentlymanyhurdlestothewidespreadadoptionofm-commerce,manycompaniesarealreadyshiftingtheirstrategytothemobileworld41E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvCompetitionintheDigitalEconomy
andItsImpactonIndustriesInternetecosystem ThebusinessmodeloftheInterneteconomy42CompetitionintheDigitalEcoCompetitionintheDigitalEconomy
andItsImpactonIndustriesLowersearchcostsforbuyersSpeedycomparisonsLowerpricesCustomerserviceBarrierstoentryarereducedVirtualpartnershipsmultiplyMarketnichesaboundDifferentiationandpersonalizationCompetitiveFactors—OnlineTransactionsAllow:43CompetitionintheDigitalEcoCompetitionintheDigitalEconomy
andItsImpactonIndustriesdifferentiation Providingaproductorservicethatisuniquepersonalization Theabilitytotailoraproduct,service,orWebcontenttospecificuserpreferences44CompetitionintheDigitalEcoCompetitionintheDigitalEconomy
andItsImpactonIndustriesPorter’sCompetitiveAnalysisinanIndustrycompetitiveforcesmodel ModeldevisedbyPorterthatsaysthatfivemajorforcesofcompetitiondetermineindustrystructureandhoweconomicvalueisdividedamongtheindustryplayersinanindustry;analysisoftheseforceshelpscompaniesdeveloptheircompetitivestrategy45CompetitionintheDigitalEcoCompetitionintheDigitalEconomy
andItsImpactonIndustriesImpactonWholeIndustriesPatientself-careisgrowingrapidlyTheamountoffreemedicalinformationisexplodingPatientempowermentisgainingimportanceIncreasingelectronicinteractionamongpatients,hospitals,pharmacies,etc.Increasingdigitalhospitalandotherhealth-carefacilitiesDatacollectedaboutpatientsisgrowinginamountandqualityEasyandsharedaccesstopatientdataEldercareandspecialtypesofcareareimprovingsignificantlyduetowirelesssystemsIncreasingneedtoprotectpatientprivacyandcontaincost46CompetitionintheDigitalEcoImpactsofECon
BusinessProcessesandOrganizations47ImpactsofECon
BusinessProImpactsofECon
BusinessProcessesandOrganizationsImpactsofe-marketplacesonB2Cdirectmarketing:ProductpromotionNewsaleschannelDirectsavingsReducedcycletimeImprovedcustomerserviceBrandorcorporateimageCustomizationAdvertisingOrderingsystemsMarketoperationsAccessibility48ImpactsofECon
BusinessProImpactsofECon
BusinessProcessesandOrganizationsTransformingOrganizationsTechnologyandorganizationallearningThechangingnatureofworkRedefiningOrganizationsNewandimprovedproductcapabilitiesNewindustryorderandbusinessmodelsImprovingthesupplychain49ImpactsofECon
BusinessProImpactsofECon
BusinessProcessesandOrganizations50ImpactsofECon
BusinessProImpactsofECon
BusinessProcessesandOrganizations51ImpactsofECon
BusinessProImpactsofECon
BusinessProcessesandOrganizationsImpactsonmanufacturingBuild-to-OrderManufacturingbuild-to-order(pullsystem) Amanufacturingprocessthatstartswithanorder(usuallycustomized).Oncetheorderispaidfor,thevendorstartstofulfillitReal-TimeDemand-DrivenManufacturingVirtualManufacturingAssemblyLinesImpactsonFinanceandAccountingImpactonHumanResourcesManagementandTraining52ImpactsofECon
BusinessProManagerialIssuesWhataboutintermediaries?Shouldweauction?Shouldwebarter?Whatm-commerceopportunitiesareavailable?Howdowecompeteinthedigitaleconomy?Whatorganizationalchangeswillbeneeded?53ManagerialIssuesWhataboutinChapter2E-Marketplaces:Structures,Mechanisms,Economics,andImpacts?2008PearsonPrenticeHall,ElectronicCommerce2008,EfraimTurban,etal.Chapter2E-Marketplaces:StrucLearningObjectivesDefinee-marketplacesandlisttheircomponents.Listthemajortypesofe-marketplacesanddescribetheirfeatures.DescribethevarioustypesofECintermediariesandtheirroles.Describeelectroniccatalogs,shoppingcarts,andsearchengines.Describethemajortypesofauctionsandlisttheircharacteristics.55LearningObjectivesDefinee-maLearningObjectivesDiscussthebenefits,limitations,andimpactsofauctions.Describebarteringandnegotiatingonline.Definem-commerceandexplainitsroleasamarketmechanism.Discusscompetitioninthedigitaleconomy.Describetheimpactofe-marketplacesonorganizationsandindustries.56LearningObjectivesDiscusstheE-Marketplacese-marketplace Anonlinemarket,usuallyB2B,inwhichbuyersandsellersexchangegoodsorservices;thethreetypesof e-marketplacesareprivate,public,andconsortia57E-Marketplacese-marketplace4E-Marketplaces58E-Marketplaces5E-Marketplacesmarketspace Amarketplaceinwhichsellersandbuyersexchangegoodsandservicesformoney(orforothergoodsandservices)butdosoelectronically59E-Marketplacesmarketspace6E-MarketplacesCustomersSellersProductsandservicesdigitalproducts GoodsthatcanbetransformedtodigitalformatanddeliveredovertheInternetInfrastructureFrontendBackendIntermediaries ThirdpartiesthatoperatesbetweensellersandbuyersOtherbusinesspartnersSupportservicesE-MarketplaceComponentsandParticipants60E-MarketplacesCustomersInfrastE-Marketplacesfrontend Theportionofane-seller’sbusinessprocessesthroughwhichcustomersinteract,includingtheseller’sportal,electroniccatalogs,ashoppingcart,asearchengine,andapaymentgatewaybackend Theactivitiesthatsupportonlineorderfulfillment,inventorymanagement,purchasingfromsuppliers,paymentprocessing,packaging,anddelivery61E-Marketplacesfrontend8TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsElectronicStorefrontsstorefront Asinglecompany’sWebsitewhereproductsorservicesaresolde-mall(onlinemall) AnonlineshoppingcenterwheremanyonlinestoresarelocatedVisualizationandvirtualrealtyinshoppingmalls62TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsTypesofStoresandMallsGeneralstores/mallsSpecializedstores/mallsRegionalversusglobalstoresPure-playonlineorganizationsversusclick-and-mortarstores63TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortals64TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsTypesofE-Marketplacesprivatee-marketplaces Onlinemarketsownedbyasinglecompany;maybeeithersell-sideand/orbuy-sidee-marketplacessell-sidee-marketplace Aprivatee-marketplaceinwhichonecompanysellseitherstandardand/orcustomizedproductstoqualifiedcompaniesbuy-sidee-marketplace Aprivatee-marketplaceinwhichonecompanymakespurchasesfrominvitedsuppliers65TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsTypesofE-Marketplacespublice-marketplaces B2Bmarketplaces,usuallyownedand/ormanagedbyanindependentthirdparty,thatincludemanysellersandmanybuyers;alsoknownasexchanges66TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortalsinformationportal AsinglepointofaccessthroughaWebbrowsertobusinessinformationinsideand/oroutsideanorganizationTypesofPortalsCommercial(public)CorporatePublishingPersonalMobileVoiceKnowledge67TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromStorefrontstoPortals68TypesofE-Marketplaces:
FromTransactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceSellers,Buyers,andTransactionsAseller(retailer,wholesaler,ormanufacturer)sellstocustomersThesellerbuysfromsuppliers:eitherrawmaterial(asamanufacturer)orfinishedgoods(asaretailer)69Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commerce70Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceTheRolesandValueofIntermediariesinE-marketplacesinfomediaries Electronicintermediariesthatprovideand/orcontrolinformationflowincyberspace,oftenaggregatinginformationandsellingittoothers71Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceAbrokerisacompanythatfacilitatestransactionsbetweenbuyersandsellersTypesofbrokersBuy/sellfulfillmentVirtualmallMetamediaryBountySearchagentShoppingfacilitator72Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-CommerceIntermediariescanaddressthefollowingfiveimportantlimitationsofdirectinteraction:SearchcostsLackofprivacyIncompleteinformationContractriskPricinginefficiencies73Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commercee-distributor Ane-commerceintermediarythatconnectsmanufacturerswithbusinessbuyers(customers)byaggregatingthecatalogsofmanymanufacturersinoneplace—theintermediary’sWebsite74Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commercedisintermediation Eliminationofintermediariesbetweensellersandbuyersreintermediation Establishmentofnewintermediaryrolesfortraditionalintermediariesthathavebeendisintermediated,orfornewcomers75Transactions,Intermediation,Transactions,Intermediation,
andProcessinE-Commerce76Transactions,Intermediation,ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanismselectroniccatalogs Thepresentationofproductinformationinanelectronicform;thebackboneofmoste-sellingsitesThreedimensionsofelectroniccatalogs:ThedynamicsoftheinformationpresentationThedegreeofcustomizationIntegrationwithbusinessprocesses77ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanisms78ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanismssearchengine AcomputerprogramthatcanaccessdatabasesofInternetresources,searchforspecificinformationorkeywords,andreporttheresultssoftware(intelligent)agent Softwarethatcanperformroutinetasksthatrequireintelligence79ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherElectronicCatalogs
andOtherMarketMechanismselectronicshoppingcart Anorder-processingtechnologythatallowscustomerstoaccumulateitemstheywishtobuywhiletheycontinuetoshop80ElectronicCatalogs
andOtherAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsauction Acompetitiveprocessinwhichasellersolicitsconsecutivebidsfrombuyers(forwardauctions)orabuyersolicitsbidsfromsellers(backwardauctions).Pricesaredetermineddynamicallybythebids81AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsTraditionalAuctionsversus E-AuctionsLimitationsoftraditionalofflineauctionsrapidprocessgivespotentialbuyerslittletimetomakeadecisionelectronicauction(e-auction) Auctionsconductedonlinedynamicpricing Pricesthatchangebasedonsupplyanddemandrelationshipsatanygiventime82AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsTypesofAuctionsOnebuyer,onesellerOneseller,manypotentialbuyersforwardauction Anauctioninwhichasellerentertainsbidsfrombuyers.Biddersincreasepricesequentially83AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsOnebuyer,manypotentialsellersreverseauction(biddingortenderingsystem) Auctioninwhichthebuyerplacesanitemforbid(tender)onarequestforquote(RFQ)system,potentialsuppliersbidonthejob,withthepricereducingsequentially,andthelowestbidwins;primarilyaB2BorG2Bmechanism“name-your-own-price”model Auctionmodelinwhichawould-bebuyerspecifiestheprice(andotherterms)heorsheiswillingtopaytoanywillingandableseller.ItisaC2BmodelthatwaspioneeredbyP84AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanisms85AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsManysellers,manybuyersdoubleauction Auctionsinwhichmultiplebuyersandtheirbiddingpricesarematchedwithmultiplesellersandtheiraskingprices,consideringthequantitiesonbothsides86AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsBenefitsofE-AuctionsBenefitstoSellersBenefitstoBuyersBenefitstoE-AuctioneersLimitationsofE-AuctionsMinimalsecurityPossibilityoffraudLimitedparticipation87AuctionsasECMarketMechanisAuctionsasECMarketMechanismsImpactsofAuctionsAuctionsasacoordinationmechanismAuctionsasasocialmechanismtodetermineapriceAuctionsasahighlyvisibledistributionmechanismAuctionsasanECcomponent88AuctionsasECMarketMechanisBarteringandNegotiatingOnlineOnlineBarteringbartering Theexchangeofgoodsorservicese-bartering(electronicbartering) Barteringconductedonline,usuallyinabarteringexchangebarteringexchange Amarketplaceinwhichanintermediaryarrangesbartertransactions89BarteringandNegotiatingOnliBarteringandNegotiatingOnlineOnlineNegotiatingNegotiatedpricingcommonlyisusedforexpensiveorspecializedproductsNegotiatedpricesalsoarepopularwhenlargequantitiesarepurchasedMuchlikeauctions,negotiatedpricesresultfrominteractionsandbargainingamongsellersandbuyers90BarteringandNegotiatingOnliE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentmobilecomputing Useofportabledevices,includingsmartcellphones,usuallyinawirelessenvironment.Itpermitsreal-timeaccesstoinformation,applications,andtoolsthat,untilrecently,wereaccessibleonlyfromadesktopcomputer91E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentmobilecommerce(m-commerce) E-commerceconductedviawirelessdevicesm-business Thebroadestdefinitionofm-commerce,inwhiche-businessisconductedinawirelessenvironment92E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentTheMobilityRevolutionOrganizationsareembracingmobilizedcomputingtechnologiesforseveralreasons:ImprovedproductivityofworkersinthefieldWirelesstelecomsupportformobilityisgrowingquicklyMoreapplicationscanrunbothonlineandofflineThepricesofnotebookcomputers,wirelesshandhelds,andsmartphonescontinuetofallastheircapabilitiesincrease93E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvE-CommerceintheWirelessEnvironmentThePromiseofM-Commercelocation-basedcommerce(LBC) Anm-commerceapplicationtargetedtoacustomerwhoselocation,preferences,andneedsareknowninrealtimeM-CommerceAdoptionAlthoughtherearecurrentlymanyhurdlestothewidespreadadoptionofm-commerce,manycompaniesarealreadyshiftingtheirstrategytothemobileworld94E-CommerceintheWirelessEnvCompetitionintheDigitalEconomy
andItsImpactonIndustriesInternetecosystem ThebusinessmodeloftheInterneteconomy95CompetitionintheDigitalEcoCompetitionintheDigitalEconomy
andItsImpactonIndustriesLowersearchcostsforbuyersSpeedycomparisonsLowerpricesCustomerserviceBarrierstoentryarereducedVirtualpartnershipsmultiplyMarketnichesaboundDifferentiationandpersonalizationCompetitiveFactors—OnlineTransactionsAllow:96CompetitionintheDigitalEcoCompetitionintheDigita
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