大學(xué)英語四級翻譯?？季涫郊霸~組

PAGEPAGE8一、常用單詞組education教育 德才兼?zhèn)鋓nputineducation教育投入 tobecomeeducatedthroughindependentcommunalparticipation社會參與 study自學(xué)成材enhancethemoralawarenessof提高…… compulsoryeducation普及教育的思想品德 professionalethics職業(yè)道德 /education學(xué)前/初等/中等/高等教育creditsystem學(xué)分制 adulteducation成人教育guaranteejobassignments包分配 vocationalandtechnicaleducation職multidisciplinary多學(xué)科的 業(yè)技術(shù)教育keyuniversity重點(diǎn)大學(xué) institutionsofhigherlearning高等學(xué)nationalexpenditureoneducation國家 校教育經(jīng)費(fèi) inservicetrainingcourse在職進(jìn)修班accountfor…%占百分比 compulsory/optionalcourse必修/選interculturalcommunication國際文化 課交流 recordofformalschooling學(xué)歷equalstressonintegrityandability diploma文憑，學(xué)歷證明二、常用句型1、It作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型Shehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.2、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherulesus.3、"All+抽象名詞"或"抽象名詞+itself"(very+形容詞)Hewasallgentlenesstoher.4、利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Acrimeisacrimeacrime.5"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of""somethingof"相當(dāng)于"tosomeextent"，"anythingof""有點(diǎn)"，"略微等。""譯為毫無全無""muchof"譯為"大有muchof"可譯為"算不上of"可譯為"幾乎無"。somethinglike譯為""Theysaythathehadnouniversty education,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar.6、同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個名詞都指同一個人或物，"of"以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個形容詞短語，以修飾"of"后面的那個名詞。如"heroldsharperofafather"，可譯為："她那騙子般的父親"。Thosepigsofgirlseatsomuch.7、as…as…can(may)beItisasplainasplaincanbe.8、"Itisin(with)…asin(with)"Itisinlifeasina9、"asgoodas…"相等于，就像，幾乎如;實(shí)際上，其實(shí)，實(shí)在。Themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopthim.10、"manyaswell…as"和"mightaswell…as""manyaswell…as"可譯為"與其……，""mightaswell…as""等等。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitimperfectly.11、"tomake…of"(Iwillmakeascientistofmyson.12、too…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式Sheistooangrytospeak.13、only(not,all,but,never)too…todoso"和"tooready(apt)+todo"等字后ready(apt)+todo"結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式。Youknowbuttooyelltoholdyourtongue.14、"nomore…than…"句型Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.15"notsomuch…as"和"notsomuchas…"somuch…as"="notsomuchas…asbut"notsomuchas"="without(not)even，"可譯為"甚至……還沒有。Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.16、"Nothingismore…than"和"Nothingisso…as"結(jié)構(gòu)，"Nothingismore…than"和"Nothingisso…as"都具有最高級比較的意思，"NothingI"可換用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可譯為"沒有……比……更為"，"像……再沒有了"，"最……"等。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.17、"cannot…too…","cannot…too…"意為"Itisimpossibletooverdo…"即無論怎樣……也不算過分"。"not""hardly"，"scarcely""too"可換用"enough"，"sufficient"等Youcannotbetoocareful.18"否定+but"but""whichnot"，"whonot"，"that""或"……都……"等Nothingissobadbutitmighthavebeenworse.19"否定+until(till)"等的后邊所接用的"until/till"，多數(shù)情況下譯為"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定譯為肯定。Nobodyknowswhathecandotillhehastried.20、"notso…but"和"notsucha…but"結(jié)構(gòu)，這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)和"否定+but"的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多，"but"是含有"that…not""還無論怎樣……也不是不能……"Heisnotsosickbuthecancometoschool.21、"疑問詞+should…but"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的意外的事，意為"none…but"，可譯為"除了……還有誰會……"，"豈料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。Whoshouldwriteitbuthimself?22、"whoknowsbut(that)…"和"whocouldshould…but"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個結(jié)構(gòu)是反問形式，一般意譯為"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有時也可直譯。Whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo?23、"祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"結(jié)構(gòu)，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you。Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Aadrighteousnesstoacityandhaveacommunity.Aadtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.24、"名詞+and"Aword,andhewouldlosehistemper.25、"名詞+and"Aword,andhewouldlosehistemper.Itisnotthat…butthat…這不是說…，而是說…nothingelsethan完全是，實(shí)在是「例文」Whatthemansaidwasnothingelsethannonsense.「譯文」那個人講的話完全是一派胡言。more…than.「例文」Thecomplexityofthehumansituationandinjusticeofthesocialorderdemandfarmorefundamentalchangesinthebasicstructureofsocietyitselfthansomepoliticiansarewillingtoadmitintheirspeeches.「譯文」人類社會形勢的復(fù)雜性和社會制度的不公正性要求對社會基本結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行徹底變革，而一些政客口頭上是很不愿意承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)的29、虛擬語氣是?？键c(diǎn)Mycomputermusthavegonewrong,becauseIcouldnotbootit.提綱式作文對立觀點(diǎn)式X是好事，贊成X，為什么？XXC．我的看法。SomepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoingX.Theypointoutthefactthat支持X的第一個原因。Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一個原因。However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.TheyconsideritharmfultodoX.Theyfirmlypointoutthat反對X的第一個理由。Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:一個例子。Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages.Inadditiontotheabove-mentionednegativeeffectsitbringabout,XalsomayX的有一個壞處。批駁觀點(diǎn)式一個錯誤觀點(diǎn)。我不同意。Manypeoplearguethat錯誤觀點(diǎn)。Bysayingthat,theymean對這個觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。Anexampletheyhavepresentedisthat一個例子。（AccordingtoasurveyperformedbyXonagroupofY,almost80%ofthem贊成這個錯誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個錯誤觀點(diǎn)的影響）。Theremightbesomeelementoftruthinthesepeople’sbelief.Butifweconsideritindepth,wewillfeelnoreservationtoconcludethat與錯誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。Thereareanumberofreasonsbehindmybelief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。社會問題（現(xiàn)象）式一個社會問題或者現(xiàn)象。產(chǎn)生的原因?qū)ι鐣臀覀兩畹挠绊懭绾味沤^。（如果是問題的話）前景的預(yù)測。Nowadays,thereexistsanincreasinglyserioussocial/economic/environmentalproblem.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic).Accordingasurvey,調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。（或者是一個例子）。Thereareacoupleofreasonsboomingthisproblem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文的寫法。Xhascausedsubstantialimpactonthesocietyandourdailylife,whichhasbeenarticulated（表達(dá)）inthefollowingaspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。AdozenofmeasuresaresupposedtotaketopreventXfrombringingusmoreharm.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。Basedontheabovediscussions,Icaneasilyforecastthatmoreandmorepeoplewill??..寫作模板——圖表式作文Itisobviousinthegraph/tablethattherate/number/amountofYhasundergonedramaticchanges.Ithasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).Atthepointof（接近）X1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof?多少).Whatisthereasonforthischange?Mainlythereare多少reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraphic/table.Firstofall,Moreimportantly,?(第二個原因).Mostimportantofall,?(第三個原因).Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappenthenearfuture.Thetrenddescribedinthegraph/tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime(ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括號里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢).寫作模板——辯論式議論文模版1Somepeoplebelieve(argue,recognize,think)that觀點(diǎn)1.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat觀點(diǎn)2.Asforme,Iagreetotheformer/latteridea.Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief.Firstofall,論據(jù)1.Moreimportantly,論據(jù)2.Mostimportantofall,論據(jù)3.Insummary,總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心.或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測.模版2PeopleholddifferentviewsaboutX.Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat觀點(diǎn)1,whileotherspointout2.AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latteropinionholdsmoreweight.Foronething,論據(jù)1.Foranother,論據(jù)2.Lastbutnottheleast,論據(jù)3.Toconclude,總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心.或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測.模版3Thereisnoconsensus[k?n'sens?s]ofopinionsamongpeopleaboutX（爭論的焦點(diǎn)）。Somepeopleareoftheviewthat1，whileotherstakeanoppositeside,firmlybelievingthat2。AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latternotion（觀念）ispreferableinmanysenses.Thereasonsareobvious.Firstofall,論據(jù)1。Furthermore,論據(jù)2。Amongallofthesupportingevidences,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,3Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測常用句型：表示原因1）Therearethreereasonsforthis．2）Thereasonsforthisareasfollows．3）Thereasonforthisisobvious．4）Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek．5）Thereasonforthisisthat．．6）Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat．．例：Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife．Firstly，people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved．Secondly，mostpeoplearewellpai，andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlik．Lastnotleast，moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife．changeshaveplaceinourlife．Therearethreereasonsforthis．這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。表示好處1）Ithasthefollowingadvantages．2）Itdoesusalotofgood．3）Itbenefitsusquitealot．4）Itisbeneficialtous．5）Itisofgreatbenefittous．例：Booksarelikefriend．Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbettrandcanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons．Therefore，readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous．表示壞處1）Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages．2）Itdoesusmuchharm．3）Itisharmfultous．例：However，everythingdividesintotwo．Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous．Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevi-sion．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能1）Itisimportant（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）fordosth．Wethinkitnecessarytodosth．Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife．例：Computersarenowbeingusedeverywherewhetherinthegovernmentinschoolsorinbusiness．Soon，computerswillbefoundineveryhavereasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge．表示措施Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures．Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficulties．3）Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth．4)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted（faced）with．例：Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandserious．Therefore，wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit．表示變化1）Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears．）Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworld’scommunicatios3）Thecomputerhasbroughtabout（導(dǎo)致）manychangesineducation．例：Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears．Themajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek．Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein，andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins．表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀1）Wecannotignorethefactthat．．2）Noonecandenythefactthat．．3）Thereisnodenyingthefactthat．．4）Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin．5）However，that’snotthecase．例：Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution．Tosolvetheseproblems，wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazards（危害）ofpollution．Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsostricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment．表示比較1）ComparedwithA，B．．2）IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV．3）Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem．例：Comparedwithcars，bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordableFirstlytheydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetro（石油theydonotcausethepollutionbutnotleast，theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise．表示數(shù)量Ithasincreased（decreased）from．．to．．Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased（decreased）to800，000．TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedbyJanuary．

comparedwiththatof例：Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard，theproportion（比例）ofpeople’sincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased．再如：Fromthegraphlistedabove，itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20in2000．注：“Fromthegraphlistedcanbeseen12。考生將句91220026CET－4、6短文寫作的第一段。表示看法1）Peoplehave（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudestowardssth．2）Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem．3）Peopletakedifferentviewsof（on）thequestion．4）Somepeoplebelievethat．．Othersarguethat．．例：Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailure．Somebelievethatfailureleadstosuccess．Everyfailuret