Unit9HumanBiologyFocusonLanguage課件-高中英語北師大版選修七

HumanBiologyUnit9FocusonLanguage

ThePerfectThePerfect完成時PresentPerfectPresentPerfectContinuousPastPerfectPastPerfectContinuousTenseIdentifythetenseofthesentencesandwritethenumberinthecorrectcolumns.1.Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.2.Gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhenthey

takeacuttingfromaplant…3.Foryears,therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimals.4.Cloningprimateshasbeenprovedtobe“muchharder”

thancloningotherspecies.5.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearch…6.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweek…P55

11PresentperfectPresentperfectcontinuousPastperfectPastperfectcontinous41,23,56Payattentiontotheunderlinedpartsandgetthestructuretheyuse.IhavevisitedCaliforniaeverysummersinceIwas18.Ihavebeenpaintingthehouseallday.I'mexhausted.Thetrainhadleftbeforewearrivedatthestation.HehadbeenstudyingEnglishfortwoyearsbeforehewenttoLondon.PresentPerfect:have/has+v-edPresentPerfectContinuous:have/hasbeen+v-ingPastPerfect:had

+v-edPastPerfectContinuous:hadbeen+v-ingNow,

let’slearnmoreabouttheperfect.Focuson基本用法PresentPerfect(現(xiàn)在完成時)1.用法2.構(gòu)成1.用法?

動作發(fā)生在過去,強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果、影響等。1.

Hehasbeenawayfromthecity.

2.

Someonehasbrokenthewindow.3.I'vegotaletterfrommyaunt.他已離開這個城市。(結(jié)果：他不在這個城市。)有人把窗戶打破了。(結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著。)我收到姨母的一封信。(結(jié)果：因此知道她的近況。)?

表示動作發(fā)生在過去,并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至

還可能繼續(xù)下去,句中使用持續(xù)性動詞,且常有表

示一段時間的時間狀語。1.

Hehastaughtinourschoolfor30years.

2.

Hehasbeenbusysincelastweek.3.We'velivedhereforovertenyears.他在我們學(xué)校教書已有30年了。自上個星期以來他一直很忙。我們在這里住了10多年了。2.構(gòu)成1.Ihaveenjoyedworkinginthisjob.2.Shehasthoughtaboutitforalongtime.3.Theyhaveallagreedthatitisthebest

courseofaction.我喜歡這份工作。她已經(jīng)想了很久了。他們都已經(jīng)同意這是最好的行動方針?，F(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成:have/has+v-edFocuson基本用法PresentPerfectContinuous(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時)1.用法2.構(gòu)成3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別1.用法①I'vebeenlookingformydogandstillhaven'tfoundit.②Hereyesarered.Hasshebeencrying?theactionstartedinthepastandcontinueinthepresentPastPresentFuturetheactionstartedinthepastandhavejustfinishedbutweareinterestedintheresult

PastPresentFuture?

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示

動作從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；

或者始于過去，現(xiàn)在剛剛終止，但注重的是結(jié)果。①Aprivatedetectivehasbeentailing

(跟蹤)him

forseveralweeks.

②Craiglovesoutdooractivities-heskisinwinterandhasbeenfishingandhunting

sincehewasachild.一位私人偵探幾個星期以來一直在跟蹤他。Craig熱愛戶外活動，冬天他去滑雪，他從小就開始釣魚和打獵。?

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時常與表示一段時間的狀語連

用，例如：allthetime,thisweek,allnight,

thesefewdays,for…,since…等。1.Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforthepasthour.

2.Aihasbeenstudyingallday.

3.Shehasbeenrunninginalotofracesrecently.

4.Ihavebeenlookingformysmartphoneallday.

5.She'sbeenfindingtheworkchallenginglately.

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成:have/hasbeen+v-ing2.構(gòu)成(andhestillhasn'tarrived)(andsheisstillstudyingnow)(andshehasn'tstoppedthis)(andIhaven'tfoundityet)(andshestillfindsitchallenging)①I'vebeendesigningsolarracingcars.

②I'vedesigned

fiveorsixdifferentcars.

我一直在設(shè)計太陽能賽車。我已經(jīng)設(shè)計五六輛小汽車了。1.在不同時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的

動作不一定已經(jīng)完成，很可能持續(xù)下去，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般表示動作已經(jīng)完成。即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果。3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別①I'vebeentaking

partinracesforfouryears.

②Howmanyraceshaveyoutaken

partin?

我這四年一直在參加比賽。你參加多少場比賽了?2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時往往表示動作在重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示動作的重復(fù)。①RecentlyMaryhasbeendoingsportsregularly.

②RecentlyMaryhasdonehersportsregularly.

最近瑪麗一直定期做運動。(有表揚意味)最近瑪麗定期做運動。(只說明一個事實)3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與所有進(jìn)行時態(tài)一樣帶有感情色彩，可使表達(dá)顯得生動，而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只表明一個事實、一種影響或結(jié)果，不帶感情色彩。

某些不具延續(xù)性含義的動詞，如come,go,

marry,die,finish等，不適用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。Wehavefinishedthehomework.Wehavebeenfinishingthehomework.我們已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。Focuson基本用法PastPerfect(過去完成時)1.用法2.構(gòu)成3.常用固定句型過去完成時的用法①Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.②BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,hehadrunaway.

我們到達(dá)火車站之前，火車就已經(jīng)離開了。我還沒來得及說謝謝，他就跑開了。1.表示在過去的某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。①Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.

②Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbythen.到上學(xué)期期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了2,000個英語單詞了。到那時為止，他們已經(jīng)在那住了10年了。2.表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一個時間的動作，常用的時間狀語有

bythen,bytheendof,bythetime等。①Ihadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.②IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.我本打算去機場接他，但是我有個重要的會議要參加。我原打算今年去度假，可是我離不開。3.表示愿望、打算等的動詞，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接從句時，一般用過去完成時表示本打算實現(xiàn)而未實現(xiàn)的愿望和計劃。①WhenIarrivedJanehadjustleft.

②Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.

③BytheendofJunetheyhadtreatedover10,000patients.過去完成時的構(gòu)成我到時簡剛剛離開。我們到劇場時戲已經(jīng)開始了。到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬多病人。過去完成時的構(gòu)成:had+v-ed過去完成時用于一些固定句型：ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.這是我第一次參觀長城。(1)It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時。Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.他參軍三年了。(2)Itwas+一段時間+since從句，從句謂語用過去完成時。①Hardlyhadhegotintohisbigoffice

whenthetelephonerang.②Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewasaskedtoleaveagain.他剛進(jìn)入他的大辦公室，電話鈴響了。(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和

Nosooner…than…中，主句常用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時，表示“一……

就……”。他剛到就被要求離開。Focuson基本用法PastPerfectContinuousTense(過去完成進(jìn)行時)1.用法2.構(gòu)成1.用法(1)Ihadbeenlookingforthebookfordays

beforeIfoundit.(2)Wehadbeenwaitingforhimforoveranhourwhenhefinallyarrived.?

表示過去某時開始并持續(xù)到過去某時的動作。這本書我找了好多天才找著的。我們等了他一個多小時，他終于到了。PastPresentFutureWeusethepastperfectcontinuoustensetodescribeanongoingactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuedforsometimeinthepast.(1)Hehadbeenmentioningyournametome.(2)WehadonlybeendrivingforaboutfifteenminuteswhenJillaskedmetostopthecar.他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。我們只開了大約15分鐘，吉爾就讓我停車。?

表示過去某個確定的時間點內(nèi)反復(fù)進(jìn)行

的動作。(1)Hesaid,“IhavebeenspeakingtoJohn.”(直接引語)(2)Hethought,“ShewaswatchingmewhenIpassed.”(直接引語)?

過去完成進(jìn)行時可用在said,supposed等引起

的間接引語中，代替現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。=HesaidthathehadbeenspeakingtoJohn.

(間接引語)=Hethoughtthatshehadbeenwatching

himwhenhehadpassed.

(間接引語)(1)Ihadonlybeenreadingafewminutes

whenhecamein.(2)She'donlybeenreviewingherlessonsforashortwhilewhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.?

過去完成進(jìn)行時之后也可接具有“突然”

之意的when分句。我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來了。她溫習(xí)功課才一會兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。?

Ihadbeenwalkingaroundallmorning

beforeIfoundher.?

Wehadbeentryingtofindtherightroad

fornearlyanhourbeforewefinally

spotted

(看見)it.?

Theyhadbeenwatchingtheseriesforthree

months.?

Shehadbeenaskingforhelpbutnoone

tookanynotice.2.構(gòu)成過去完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：hadbeen+v-ing1.過去完成進(jìn)行時沒有被動語態(tài)形式。2.不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)的動詞均不能用于過去完成

進(jìn)行時(want/wish除外)。?Theboywasdelightedwithhisnewtoy.Hehad

beenwantingoneforalongtime.3.過去完成進(jìn)行時很少用于否定句，而多以過去

完成時代替。?HehadnotpracticedEnglishformanyyears.

(過去完成時)?HehadnotbeenpracticingEnglishformanyyears.(很少見)had+v-edhave/hasbeen+v-ingPresentPerfect(現(xiàn)在完成時)PresentPerfectContinuous(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時)PastPerfect(過去完成時)have/has+v-edThePerfect(完成時)hadbeen+v-ingPastPerfectContinuous(過去完成進(jìn)行時)實戰(zhàn)高考。1.【2021.6浙江卷

語法填空】

Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington's

plantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shome

indowntownSpringfield,Illinois,______________________(prove)irresistibletovisitors

sinceitopenedtothepublic.

2.【2021.3天津卷

單選】We_____quiteenoughworkforthemorning;nowlet'stakeabreak.A.havedone B.willdoC.haddone D.weredoinghasproved/hasproven3.【2020浙江卷

語法填空】

Byabout6000BC,people_____________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.4.【2020江蘇卷

單選】

InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI

_____,

heexaminedthepreviouswork

again.

A.hadexpected B.haveexpected

C.wouldexpect D.expecthaddiscovered5.【2020天津卷

單選】-Youareagreatswimmer.-Thanks.It'sbecauseI__alotthesedays.A.havebeenpractising B.waspractisingC.wouldpractiseD.hadpractised用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

UptonowI

1______________(change)quitealot.IbeganasacalculatingmachineinFrancein1642.

I