2019高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習練習：專題一閱讀理解考點2推理判斷題

考點2推理判斷題!真題體驗 僅“A（2018北京，C）Plastic—EatingWormsgreaterwaxmothHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste心胡狀物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon—carbonbond,isthereaswell,“sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（腸道微生物）?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam;sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。 作者介紹了一項科學發(fā)現(xiàn)： 一種吃塑料的蟲子一一大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，從而為人們解決塑料污染問題提供新的途徑。?Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?__C__Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句 “…foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene...”和第二句中的thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams可知，研究人員在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)大蠟螟蠕蟲可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，顯然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，與選項C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。?AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyistoB.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeed解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句 "Thenextstep...Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes?”可知，接下來人們需要證實的就是酶是從哪里產(chǎn)生的。選項B“查明酶的來源”與此吻合。?Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight D.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceans D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句 "Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply'millionsofworms...'“可知，研究人員期望不僅僅能用大蠟螟蠕蟲去清理塑料垃圾，也期望在某種工業(yè)流程中用這種化學制品，這與選項 D中提到的“今后工廠可能生產(chǎn)這種化學制品”吻合。?Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?CA.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco—balance.解析：推理判斷題。作者通過本文介紹了一項消除塑料垃圾的研究， 顯然是為人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。選項C與此意吻合。B（2018全國n,C）Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion（比例）whosaythey'hardlyever'readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13—year—oldsand9percentof17—year—oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建議）parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe—readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。 一份調(diào)查報告顯示， 盡管閱讀在很多孩子的生活中仍然是很重要的一部分，但是進行趣味性閱讀的青少年人數(shù)在減少。 要想改變這種狀況，父母應(yīng)該在閱讀方面起示范作用，成為重要的引導(dǎo)者。?WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?AA.Children'sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.A.Children'sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.C.Children'safter—classactivities.D.Parent—childrelationships.解析：推理判斷題。關(guān)于題干提到的這份報告，第二、三段說孩子們的趣味性閱讀減少了，幾乎不進行趣味性閱讀的人數(shù)增加了， 第五、六段提到電子書的閱讀以及父母的榜樣作用，從這些信息推斷，這份報告研究的內(nèi)容是孩子們的閱讀習慣，因此選Ao?Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports “childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"？BA.Inparagraph2. B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4. D.Inparagraph5.解析：推理判斷題。第三段說幾乎不進行趣味性閱讀的孩子的人數(shù)比例上升了， 因此這一段說的是孩子們?nèi)の缎蚤喿x的情況減少了。 這與題干中的“孩子們?nèi)の缎蚤喿x的情況減少了”相吻合。?Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?CA.E—booksareofpoorquality. B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren'shealth. D.E—readersareexpensive.解析：推理判斷題。第五段提到科技產(chǎn)品與閱讀的關(guān)系， 說這份報告幾乎沒有建議父母去了解電子讀物和平板電腦對閱讀的影響， 但是提到許多父母因為注意到孩子看屏幕的時間在不斷增加，就對電子書的閱讀進行限制。 從這些信息看，父母這樣做的原因是從孩子的身心健康方面去考慮的，因此選Co?Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?AA.Actasrolemodelsforthem.Askthemtowritebookreports.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.解析：推理判斷題。關(guān)于父母怎樣鼓勵孩子多讀書，第六段說，在閱讀方面父母能給孩子樹立榜樣，成為重要的引導(dǎo)者，并且指出，讀書多的孩子，他們的父母經(jīng)常閱讀，還給孩子留出讀書的時間。由此推斷選 A“成為他們的榜樣”。, 名師點津推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的深層閱讀理解題。 主要考查根據(jù)文章的字面意思， 通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等，在高考中比重較大，在議論文中尤為常見。做題時應(yīng)該注意：.明晰兩種常見設(shè)問方式：⑴常以infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等詞提問。(2)提問中含有表示推測的情態(tài)動詞，如 can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的副詞，如probably,possibly等。.判斷兩類正確選項特征：(1)不是文中直接或明確說明的內(nèi)容，是間接表達出來的，除符合文章主旨外，還符合邏輯，讓考生有推敲的余地。(2)正確選項大多含義深刻，不是常識選項。.識別四類干擾選項特點：(1)夸大事實：對于原文中的細節(jié)或論斷的某方面進行了夸大處理。(2)無中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作為依據(jù)進行推理。(3)摻入常識：考生已有的常識是正確的，但不是基于文章。(4)推理過度：引申過度，使結(jié)論過于絕對化。.推理特別注意3點：(1)直接陳述文章內(nèi)容的選項不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項。(2)推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知，因此正確選項一定能在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。(3)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法，因此脫離原文的主觀臆斷都是錯誤的。照例析 ”—— 2.隱含推斷題一“邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)”得結(jié)論關(guān)鍵詞：☆閱讀題干，鎖定信息段落 ☆詳讀信息段，領(lǐng)悟隱含意義 ☆比對選項，進行推斷這類題要求考生對作者沒有明確說明的事實信息和思想傾向作出合理的推斷。(1)抓住特定信息進行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理。(2)整合全文(段)信息進行推斷：有時需要在弄懂全文 (段)意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。(3)以事實為依據(jù)：推斷一定要以文章所提供的事實為依據(jù)，不能憑空想象，這樣才能做出合理的推斷?！龅淅?018全國I,C片段）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter—gatherers,small,tightlyknit（聯(lián)系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.?Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter—gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.［解題思路］第一步 確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息languagesinhunter—gathertimes第二步定位到原文信息句，并標出進行推斷的關(guān)鍵詞Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsagowhentheworldhad_just_five_to_ten_millionpeopletheyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem..第三步進行合理推斷得出答案 B.觀點態(tài)度類一“言為心聲”求褒貶關(guān)鍵詞：☆閱讀題干，找準關(guān)鍵詞☆速讀文章，尋找作者對某事物所持觀點態(tài)度的語段☆體會字里行間流露的情感，與選項進行比對文章作者或者文中人物對某事物所持的態(tài)度或者觀點往往隱含在字里行間或者流露于修飾詞之中，這就要注意作者或文中人物的措辭。①正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思。 切不可用自己的觀點來代替作者或文中人物的觀點。②留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達情感、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語或句子。③結(jié)合平時所積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、 風俗習慣等的背景知識來進行合理的推作者或者文中人物的態(tài)度和觀點無非就是三類： 支持、贊同、樂觀；反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。熟悉如下有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語。褒義詞：supportive（支持的）,positive（積極的）,optimistic（樂觀的）,enthusiastic（熱情的）貶義語：negative（否定的,消極的）,ironic（諷刺的）,critical（批評的）,disgusted（厭惡的）,disappointed（失望的）等。中性詞：indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的），uninterested（不感興趣的），objective（客觀的），neutral（中立的）等。（2017全國卷I,B片段）IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking；survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall-LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.?Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It'sunexpected. B.It'sbeautiful.C.It'shumorous. D.It'sdiscouraging.［解題思路］第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞_the_outcome_of_the_event第二步定位到原文信息句，并標出進行推斷的關(guān)鍵詞①However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.②Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!第三步進行合理推斷得出答案 B.寫作意圖類一“文體特點”尋意圖關(guān)鍵詞：☆通讀全文，確定文章體裁☆記敘文表達情感或者某個道理； 應(yīng)用文推銷或者介紹；說明文展示用途或者過程；議論文論述道理或者表達觀點要做好寫作目的題，首先要確定文章的體裁，因為不同的文體，寫作目的不同。常見文體的寫作特點（1）記敘文：一般會在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性的語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的敘述都圍繞該哲理展開。(2)廣告類應(yīng)用文：文章中有對某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹，使用具有明顯支持傾向的tH"日°(3)說明文：寫作目的有賴于對文章主旨的把握，閱讀時需要找準主題句。(4)議論文：提出論點——進行論證一一得出結(jié)論，作者的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。典例(2017全國I,A片段)SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(熱情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.Today,PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry—basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.Visitpacificsciencecenter,orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.?Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?Toencouragedonations.Toadvertisecomingevents.Tointroducespecialexhibits.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.［解題思路］第一步 速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，標出關(guān)鍵詞wecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,_and_other_social_organizations.Visitpacificsciencecenter ,_org_to_findvariouswaysyou_can_supportPacific_ScienceCenter.第二步 與選項進行對比得出答案嘗試解答：__A__［干擾項分析］該部分的寫作目的是鼓勵人們以各種方式支持太平洋科學中心，也就是鼓勵人們捐款，故選A項。B、C兩項無中生有，該部分沒有提到“宣傳即將舉行的活動”和“介紹特殊的展覽”。D項曲解文意，該部分提到了自1962年以來太平洋科學中心做的事情，但這不是為了講述該中心的歷史，而是為下文鼓勵人們捐款作鋪墊。4.文章出處題一“語言特色”推出處(1)具備一定常識：考生本身要具備一定的常識， 把文章的內(nèi)容與自己所具備的常識結(jié)合起來做出正確的判斷。了解語言特色：要對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說、童話、廣告、說明書、旅游指南、藥品說明、操作指南等文章的語言特色，特別是其專用詞匯有基本的了解， 根據(jù)文章的語言特色和其專用詞匯對號入座，快速選出最佳答案。典例(2015廣東高考，B片段)WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople."Butitdidn'tcompletelymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman."Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtothinklikeafish."Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong—termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.?Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom.afishingguide B.apopularsalesbookC.anovelonchildhood D.amillionaire'sbiography［解題思路］第一步 確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息__comes_from第二步定位到原文信息句，并標出關(guān)鍵詞Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong—termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.第三步進行合理推斷得出答案 B即時鞏固 切?L>A(2018全國m,C)WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49—year—oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt（CAA）.HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus（校園）oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves（曲線）ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,“hesaid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,“hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,“saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文，題材是人物報道。文章報道了 2012年度建筑界的最高獎項一一普利茲克獎的獲得者王^及其作品的風格和他對建筑藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新的體會。?Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsareB.A.followingthelatestworldtrendgettinginternationalrecognitionworkingharderthaneverbeforerelyingonforeignarchitects解析：推理判斷題。第一段是文章的中心段， 第二段講述了中國建筑設(shè)計師獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎一一普利茲克獎，這個例子是用來說明第一段后半句的： 許多優(yōu)秀的中國建筑設(shè)計師正進入世界建筑設(shè)計舞臺的中心，故選 Bo?WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?__C__A.Itshillyenvironment. B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle. D.Itsdiversefunctions.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞 CAAXiangshancampus可迅速定位到第三段，順著往下找，根據(jù)第四段第一句中的 quitedifferentfrom,第二句中的wereamazed和第三句中的uniqueview可知它獨一無二的風格給人留下了深刻印象，故選 C。?WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?__D__A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes. B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques. D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句 "ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements/,和第六段第二句中的 throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture可知傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代元素的和諧共存是王潮建筑設(shè)計成功的秘密，故選 D。?WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?__D__A.Spreadthemtotheworld. B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities. D.Recreatetheminpractice.解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句中 becombinedwithpractice和第二句中therecreationoftraditions可知，王遁才認為應(yīng)該結(jié)合實踐對傳統(tǒng)進行再創(chuàng)新，故選D。B（2018天津，B）WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!"Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine."Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（愛窺探的）,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.” "What'sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted（震顫）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!"“There'ssomereallygoodstuff（藝術(shù)作品）upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?"“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou.”文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。 如果你誤把一戶人家當成博物館且四處參觀， 會是怎樣一種奇特的經(jīng)歷呢？讓我們讀一下文章，看一看作者的親身體驗吧。?WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?AA.Shewasapainter. B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector. D.Shewasajournalist.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的watercolorist（水彩畫家）以及下文"去博物館看畫”知，MarianMcNay是一位painter（畫家），故答案為A。acommunityleader"社區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)"；amuseumdirector”博物館主管“；ajournalist”記者”。?Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?DShedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.Shemistookhimforatourguide.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.（導(dǎo)游令我煩擾）”知,“我”把那個人誤認為是導(dǎo)游了，故答案為 D。A項“她不喜歡愛窺探的人”，曲解文意；B項“與陌生人交談時她感到緊張 ”，無中生有；C項“她比那個人更懂藝術(shù)”，無中生有。?Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?APuzzled. B.Concerned.C.Frightened. D.Delighted.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中 “我”被那些人盯著時的疑惑 “Whatwastheirproblem?”及后文中的stillconfused可知，"我"感到很困惑（puzzled）,故答案為A。?WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords? 0A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.解析：推理判斷題。下文提到 30年后“我”偶遇那戶人家的一個孩子，她說“我”把她家誤認為博物館使她看到了它的美麗， 由此可知，本文作者不是重點描述 McNay博物館，而是描述這次突發(fā)事件帶來的影響，故答案為 D"房子里發(fā)生的事更重要”。?Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?CPeopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.解析：推理判斷題。從最后一段中那個女士的話“在你進來之前，我從未意識到我住的是個美麗的地方，我以前從未感到過幸運 ”可推知，人們往往會忽視自己周圍事物的美。ft &冰 真題題組A（2017全國m,B）MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75—yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary—eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood—byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation（位置）wasalsoareason."Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,“hesaid."Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood—byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.文章大意：本文講述的是擁有75年歷史的廣場劇院在放映完最后一部電影后即將關(guān)閉以及市民對它的不舍之情。?Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial? B,A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheate.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句 "Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send”可推斷出，工人們清理垃圾和清除座位及其他劇院設(shè)備是在為劇院的關(guān)閉作準備。故選Bo?WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?DItwasanall—timeclassic.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.Theaudiencerequestedit.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的 "TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate"可知，居U院的老板親自選定了 TheLastPictureShow這部電影，因為他認為這部電影很適合。 原文中的"appropriate”和D選項的"suitable”者B表示“合適的"。故選D。?Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?__C__Itwillberepaired.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.Itwillbeknockeddown.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.解析：考查推理判斷。第四段最后一句說劇院被賣給了當?shù)氐拈_發(fā)公司， 該公司計劃在劇院所在地建綜合購物大樓，因此可推斷出劇院將被推倒拆除。故選Co?Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?BA.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.解析：考查推理判斷。 根據(jù)第二段第二句"Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary—eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood—byetotheoldbuilding”可知，觀眾含淚觀看最后一部電影，想向劇院告別；再結(jié)合最后一段最后一句 "Thetheaterwillbemissed”可以推斷出觀眾對劇院戀戀不舍，與劇院告別讓他們感到很悲傷。故選B。B（2017全國m,C）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations majorfoodsources（來源）forthewolf grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceof'wolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。 在爭議了幾年之后黃石國家公園終于把灰狼重新引入公園，以保持公園內(nèi)生態(tài)的平衡。?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?DA.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.解析：考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文主要談了將灰狼重新引入黃石國家公園的原因以及這一舉措的成效等，故選D。?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced"inparagraph2mean?CA.Tested. B.Separated.C.Forcedout. D.Trackeddown.解析：考查詞義猜測。由第二段第一句話可知，曾經(jīng)黃石公園里有灰狼，下文提到但后來由于人類的發(fā)展灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少， 幾乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意為“被迫離開”，故選Co?Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?AA.Damagetolocalecology. B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.C.Preservationofvegetation. D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.解析：考查推理判斷。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的數(shù)量快速增長，消耗了大量的植被，減少了植物種類同時叢林狼的數(shù)量增多， 園內(nèi)很多的紅狐被獵殺， 而河貍也完Ao全消失了，由此推斷出灰狼的消失對公園內(nèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了損害。故選Ao?Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?___B__A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.解析：考查觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)第五段最后一句中的 "avaluableexperiment”可知，作者認為這項工程很有價值，因此他的態(tài)度應(yīng)當是積極肯定的。故選BoC（2017北京，C）Measles（麻疹），whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti—vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity",whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeo