2020年上海市楊浦區(qū)高考一模英語試題(教師版)

楊浦區(qū)2019學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三模擬質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語學(xué)科試卷n.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.KillerRabbitsYou'dneverthinkofrabbitsasdreadful,destructivecreatures,wouldyou?Rabbitsarecuteandlove-able.However,Australiansdiscovered1harmthesecutecreaturescandothehardway.RabbitswereintroducedtoAustraliain1788asfoodanimals.By1827,theywererunningaroundlargeestates,andin1859,disasterstruck.Amanreleased12wildrabbitsontohispropertyforhuntingandhe2havethoughtthatwasharmlessfun.ButAustraliahasnopredators(捕食者)3_(adapt)tokillingrabbitsandnoneofthediseasesthatkepttheirpopulationscontrolinEurope.Thelooserabbitsbredlike,well,rabbits,andbegantotakeoverthecountryside.Withinafewdecades,thereweremillions.By1950,therewere600millionrabbitsinAustralia.Sixhundredmillionhungryrabbitscoulddorealharm.Theycausedmoredamagethananyotherspeciesintroducedtothecontinent.Theyatenativeplantspecies5theydisappeared.Theycompetedforfoodandshelterwithnativeanimals.theycausedtheextinctionorendangermentofnumerousplantandanimalspecies.Andtheywereanightmareforcattleandsheepfarmers,6animalscouldn'tgetenoughgrasstoeatandstarved.Therabbitsdidsomegood,ofcourse.Theyprovidedfoodforpoorfamilies.Theysupportedfurindustries.Buttheirimpactontheenvironmentandmajorlivestockeconomywastoonegative(ignore).Peopletriedtrappingthem.Theyevenbuiltahugewallagainstthem.But(effective)weaponwasavirus.(test)multipletimes,thedeadlymyxomaviruswasreleasedonAustralia'srabbitsin1950.Thevirushadbeendevelopedverycarefullytoaffectonlyrabbits.Nearly100percentoftherabbitswhocaughtthedisease10(die).Populationsfell.Itwasahugesuccess.Cattleandsheepfarmingrecoveredgradually,andthreatenedplantswerebetterprotected.Eventually,rabbitsbecameresistanttothevirus.【答案】1.what2.must3.adapted4.under5.until6.whose7.tobeignoredthemosteffectiveHavingbeentesteddied【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了兔子對澳大利亞的環(huán)境和畜牧業(yè)造成的影響以及當(dāng)?shù)氐膽?yīng)對措施?！?題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：然而，澳大利亞人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些可愛的生物所造成的傷害。此處為賓語從句，從句中的do缺少賓語，故填what?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞+havedone結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：一個(gè)人放了12只野兔到他的地里打獵， 他一定認(rèn)為那是無害的樂趣。musthavedone表示對過去事情最有把握的肯定推測，表示“一定 "，故填must?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但澳大利亞沒有適合獵殺兔子的食肉動物，也沒有讓它們的數(shù)量在歐洲得到控制的疾病。beadaptedtodoing表示“適應(yīng)做某事”，此處去掉be做后置定語，故填adaptedo【4題詳解】考查介詞。句意同上，undercontrol表示“處于控制之下“，故填under?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：它們吃本地的植物直到這些植物消失。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少連詞，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“直到"，故填until?！?題詳解】考查非限定性定語從句。句意：而對于牛羊養(yǎng)殖戶來說，這是一場噩夢，他們的牲畜無法獲得足夠的草來

吃，并且挨餓。此處為非限定性定語從句， animals與先行詞farmers之間是所屬關(guān)系，用關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中做定語，故填 whose?！?題詳解】考查固定句式和被動語態(tài)。句意：但它們對環(huán)境和主要畜牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響是不容忽視的。 too-to 表示“太 而不能"，impact與ignore之間是被動關(guān)系，故填tobeignored?！?題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：但最有效的武器是病毒。上文提到了人們通過誘捕和筑墻的方式控制兔子的數(shù)量，因此此處含有最高級含義，表示“最有效的"，故填themosteffective【9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：經(jīng)過多次測試，致命的粘液瘤病毒于1950年在澳大利亞的兔子身上投放。thedeadlymyxomavirus與test之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示被動， 而且test這一動作明顯發(fā)生在released之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式做狀語，故填Havingbeentested?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：感染這種疾病的兔子幾乎 100%O死了。事情發(fā)生在過去， 應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)， 故填died。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproper wordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.stringB.containedC.representingD.detailingE.scientificF.currentsG.recoveredH.encounijeredLestimatedJrinstructionsK,decoraLionBottleFoundatSeaUsedforScientificPurposeCombingthebeachforshells,seaglass,orcolorfulrocksisaleisureactivityenjoyedbymany.Someevenusemetaldetectorstofindburiedtreasureorotherobjects.Onlytheluckyfewhave11amessageinabottlethatwasdroppedoffbythetide.Thetraditionofputtingalettertoanunknownrecipientintoabottleandthrowingitintotheoceanhasaninterestingpast.Anearly12 useforthepracticewasrevealedwhentheoldestrecordedmessageinabottlewasfoundbyTonyaonabeachnearWedgeIsland,Australia.Tonyawasonafamilyoutingwhenshenoticedtheantiqueglassbottleinthesandandthoughtitwouldmakeanice13 .Whileshewascleaningthesandyginbottle,arolleduppaper12,1886.AccordingtoofficialdocumentsfromtheGermansailingvessels,Paula,acrewmembertossedthebottleoverboarda(n)15950kmoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Furthertiedwitha14fellotiedwitha14fellout.ThedamppagewasamessagewritteninGermananddatedJuneresearchauthenticated(驗(yàn)證)theletter,whichhadbeensentafloat132yearsagoandistheoldestmessageinabottleever16 .HistoriansconfirmthatthousandsofsimilarbottleswerecastoverboardbyGermanshipsbetween1864and1933.And17 insidewereofficialdocumentswrittenbythecaptainoftheship,18routes,coordinates,andotherinformation.TheseearlymessagesinabottlewereanattemptbytheGermanNavalObservatorytomapocean19aroundtheworld.Onthebackofthenoteswere20 towritethetimeandplacethebottleswerefoundandreturnthemtotheGermanNavalObservatoryinHamburgorthenearestGermanauthorities.Usingthisinformationforreferencewasanearlysystemofstudyingpatternsinnatureandthevastoceaninparticular.【答案】11.H12.E13.K14.A15.I16.G17.B18.D19.F20.J【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了世界上最古老的漂流瓶里的信息是德國海軍天文臺試圖繪制世界各地洋流的地圖?！?1題詳解】考查動詞。句意：只有少數(shù)幸運(yùn)的人才會遇到被潮水沖走的漂流瓶里的信息。此處缺少動詞做謂語，用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，此處需要填過去分詞，根據(jù)"Someevenusemetaldetectorstofindburiedtreasureorotherobjects.”可知此處表示"遇到"，故填 H?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)托尼婭在澳大利亞韋奇島附近的海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)了瓶中最古老的信息時(shí)，這種做法的早期科學(xué)用途就被揭示了。修飾名詞 use用形容詞，根據(jù)下文所說的“這些早期的信息是德國海軍天文臺試E。E?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：托尼婭正在一個(gè)家庭郊游時(shí)，她注意到沙子里有一個(gè)古董玻璃瓶，她認(rèn)為這會是一個(gè)很好的裝飾。做動詞make的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)常識可知，古董玻璃瓶可以作為一個(gè)裝飾品，故填 K。【14題詳解】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)她清洗那個(gè)滿是沙子的杜松子酒瓶子時(shí)，一張用繩子綁著的一卷紙掉了出來。做介詞with的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)"arolleduppapertied”可知此處表示"細(xì)繩”，故填 A?！?5題詳解】950公里的地方。950公里的地方。此處缺少形容詞做定語修飾 950km,根據(jù)“950kmoffthecoastofWesternAustralia. ”可知此處表示“估算的、大約”，estimated是過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞，表示“估算的”，故填I(lǐng)。【16題詳解】考查動詞。句意：進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)了這是一封 132年前從海上發(fā)出的信，它是迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的瓶子里最古老的信息。此處缺少非謂語動詞做后置定語修飾 theoldestmessageinabottle,根據(jù)"whichhadbeensentafloat132yearsagoandistheoldestmessageinabottleever ”可知此處表示“被發(fā)現(xiàn)的",故填Go【17題詳解】考查動詞。句意：里面有船長寫的官方文件，詳細(xì)說明了航線、坐標(biāo)和其他信息。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處使用的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)"insidewereofficialdocumentswrittenbythecaptainoftheship,8routes,coordinates,andotherinformation ”可知此處表示"包含",documents與之是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，故填B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意同上，修飾名詞routes用形容詞，根據(jù)"routes,coordinates,andotherinformation”可知此處表示“詳細(xì)的”，故填 D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這些早期的信息是德國海軍天文臺試圖繪制世界各地洋流的地圖。做動詞 map的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)"anattemptbytheGermanNavalObservatorytomapocean ”可知此處表示"洋流"，故填F?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：紙條背面有寫下發(fā)現(xiàn)瓶子的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)并將它們送回漢堡的德國海軍天文臺或最近的德

towritethetime國當(dāng)局的指示。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句使用的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，此處缺少名詞做主語，根據(jù)towritethetimeandplacethebottleswerefoundandreturnthemtotheGermanNavalObservatoryinHamburgorthenearestGermanauthorities”可知此處表示“指示"，故填J。【點(diǎn)睛】本篇第2空的難度在于答案依據(jù)離空處較遠(yuǎn)，這就要求同學(xué)們耐心閱讀，仔細(xì)尋找答案依據(jù)，切不可急于做選擇，首先確定詞性再判斷詞義，首先確定修飾名詞 use用形容詞，從空前上一句或下一句無法判斷該詞詞義，這就需要我們耐心閱讀，在后文中尋找依據(jù)，根據(jù)下文中的" TheseearlymessagesinabottlewereanattemptbytheGermanNavalObservatorytomapocean9aroundtheworld.”可知，這些早期的信息是德國海軍天文臺試圖繪制世界各地洋流的地圖，這屬于科學(xué)用途，由此可知此處表示“科學(xué)的"，故填 E。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Astarathletestoppedbymyofficeandshewaseatenupbyself-criticismaftercommittingafewerrorsduringaweekendmatch."I'matpeak21andIpractisehard.Howisthishappening?"Thisstudent,likemanyIteach,believessheshouldbeableto22theoutcomesofherlifebyvirtueofherhardwork.Istudyandwriteaboutresilience( 復(fù)原力),andI'mnoticinga(n) 23increaseinstudentslikethisathlete.Whentheywin,theyfeelpowerfulandsmart.Whentheyfallshortofwhattheyimaginetheyshould24 ,however,theyarecrushedbyself-blame.Wetalkoftenaboutyoungadultsstrugglingwithfailurebecausetheirparentshaveprotectedthemfrom25 .Butthereissomethingelseatplayamongthemostadvantagedinparticular:a26promisethattheycanachieveanythingiftheyarewillingtoworkforit.Psychologistshavesourcedthisphenomenontoamisapplicationof“mind-set"researchwhichhasfoundthatpraisingchildrenfor27willincreaseacademicperformance.DevelopedbyStanfordpsychologistCarolDweck,mind-seteducationhasspreadacrossclassroomsworldwide.Buta2018analysisfoundthatwhilepraisinghardworkoverabilitymaybenefiteconomicallydisadvantagedstudents,itdoesnot28helpeveryone.OnepossibleexplanationcomesfromNinaKumar,whoarguedinaresearchpaperlastyearthatforteensinwealthy,pressure-cookercommunities,“Itisnota 29ofmotivationandperseverancethatisthebigproblem.30,itisunhealthyperfectionismanddifficultywithbackingoffwhentheyshould,whenthefiercedriveforachievementsisoverthetop."Thiscan31physicalandemotionalstress.Ina2007study,psychologistsGregoryMillerdeterminedthatadolescentgirlswhorefusedtogiveupthe32goalsshowedelevatedlevelsofCRP,aproteinthatservesasamarkerofsystemicinflammation（炎癥）linkedtodiabetes,heartdiseaseandothermedicalconditions.Thecruelrealityisthatyoucandoeverythinginyourpowerandstillfail.Thisknowledgecomesearlytounderrepresentedminoritieswhoseexperienceofdiscrimination（ 歧視）andinequalityteachesthemto33whatis,fornow,largelybeyondtheircontroltochange.Yetforothers,thebeliefthatsuccessisalwayswithintheirgraspisasetup.Insteadofallowingourkidstobeatthemselvesupwhenthingsdon'tgotheirway,weshouldallquestionaculturethathastaughtthemthathowtheyperformforothersismoreimportantthanwhat34inspiresthemandthatwheretheygotocollegemattersmorethanthekindofpersontheyare.Weshouldbewisetoremindourkidsthatlifehasawayofdisappointinguswhenweleast35it.It'softenthepeoplewholearntosay“stuff happens“whogetupthefastest.21.A.coolnessB.fitnessC.goodnessD.readiness22A.controlB.changeC.adjustD.celebrate23.A.amusingB.inspiringC.troublingD.touching24.A.applyB.approveC.appreciateD.accomplish25.A.disbeliefB.disagreementC.discoveryD.discomfort26.A.brightB.falseC.generalD.flexible27.A.virtueB.abilityC.effortD.status28.A.originall^^^^^B.obviouslyC.necessarilyD.regularly29.A.choiceB.commandC.displayD.lack30.A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.However31.A.resultfromB.applyforC.associatewithD.leadto32.A.ImmoralB.impersonalC.impossibleD.impolite

A.challengeA.plainlyA.exhibit【答案】A.challengeA.plainlyA.exhibit【答案】21.B22.AB.acceptB.probablyB.expect23.C24.D25.DC.assessC.immediatelyC.establish26.B27.C28.C29.D.inquireD.actuallyD.recognizeD30.A31.D32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，由一個(gè)明星運(yùn)動員在比賽中犯錯(cuò)而自責(zé)不已的故事引出了這樣一種現(xiàn)象——現(xiàn)在很多孩子秉承一種不健康的完美主義，認(rèn)為付出努力就應(yīng)該得到好的結(jié)果，這使他們對成就的追求超過了自己的極限并很難在應(yīng)該放棄的時(shí)候放手，從而導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的雙重壓力，我們需要提醒孩子生活總是在我們最不經(jīng)意的時(shí)候讓我們失望?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我正處于最佳狀態(tài)，我努力訓(xùn)練。這是怎么回事？A.coolness冷靜；B.fitness健康、恰當(dāng)；C.goodness善良；D.readiness愿意?？涨罢f這個(gè)運(yùn)動員是明星運(yùn)動員，因此她應(yīng)該是處于最佳的狀態(tài)，她不明白自己為何還會在比賽中犯錯(cuò)誤，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生，和我教的很多學(xué)生一樣，相信她應(yīng)該能夠通過努力訓(xùn)練來控制生活的結(jié)果。A.control控制；B.change改變；C.adjust調(diào)整；D.celebrate慶祝。上文說這個(gè)明星運(yùn)動員處于最佳的狀態(tài)，她對自己在比賽中犯錯(cuò)自責(zé)不已，言外之意，她認(rèn)為自己努力訓(xùn)練就應(yīng)該會得到好的結(jié)果，因此她相信通過自己的努力訓(xùn)練，她能夠控制生活的結(jié)果，故 A項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我研究并撰寫了關(guān)于適應(yīng)力的文章，我注意到，像這位運(yùn)動員這樣的學(xué)生人數(shù)出現(xiàn)了令人不安的增長。A.amusing逗樂的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.troubling令人不安的；D.touching感人的。像這位運(yùn)動員這樣的學(xué)生人數(shù)的增長是令人不安的，故 C項(xiàng)正確。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)他們沒有達(dá)到他們想象的目標(biāo)時(shí)，他們就會自責(zé)。 A.apply 應(yīng)用；B.approve批準(zhǔn)；C.appreciate欣賞；D.accomplish實(shí)現(xiàn)、達(dá)到?？涨罢f當(dāng)他們贏了的時(shí)候，他們會覺得自己很強(qiáng)大，很聰明，此處與之形成對比，說的是沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的時(shí)候他們的心態(tài)，故 D項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】A.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們經(jīng)常談?wù)撃贻p人在失敗中掙扎，因?yàn)樗麄兊母改副Ｗo(hù)他們免受不適。A.disbelief懷疑；B.disagreement不一致；C.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.discomfort不適、不安。根據(jù)空前的“theirparentshaveprotectedthemfrom”可知，這些在失敗中掙扎的年輕人的父母保護(hù)他們免受不適，故D項(xiàng)正確。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在最有優(yōu)勢的人當(dāng)中，還有一些事情在起作用：如果他們愿意為之努力，他們就能實(shí)現(xiàn)任何目標(biāo)的錯(cuò)誤承諾。A.bright明亮的；B.false錯(cuò)誤的、虛假的；C.general普遍的；D.flexible靈活的。根據(jù)上文提到的那個(gè)明星運(yùn)動員的例子可知，認(rèn)為憑借努力就能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的想法是錯(cuò)誤的，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：心理學(xué)家將這一現(xiàn)象歸因于“思維定勢”研究的誤用，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，表揚(yáng)孩子的努力會提高學(xué)習(xí)成績。A.virtue美德；B.ability能力；C.effort努力；D.status地位。上文說的那個(gè)明星運(yùn)動員認(rèn)為憑借努力就應(yīng)該實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，因此此處指“表揚(yáng)孩子的努力”，故 C項(xiàng)正確。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但 2018年的一項(xiàng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過能力可能會使經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差的學(xué)生受益，但不一定對每個(gè)人都有幫助。A.originally最初；B.obviously明顯地；C.necessarily必要地、必定地；D.regularly有規(guī)律地。根據(jù)空前表示讓步的while可知，贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過能力不一定對每個(gè)人都有幫助，故 C項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一種可能的解釋來自妮娜?庫馬爾，她在去年的一篇研究論文中指出，對于生活在富裕高壓社區(qū)的青少年來說，最大的問題不是缺乏動力和毅力。A.choice選擇；B.command命令；C.display顯示；D.lack缺乏。根據(jù)空后的“ofmotivationandperseverancethatisthebigproblem”可知，對于富裕設(shè)區(qū)的青少年來說最大的問題不是缺乏動力和毅力，故 D項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，是一種不健康的完美主義，當(dāng)對成就的強(qiáng)烈追求超過了極限時(shí)，他們很難在應(yīng)該放棄的時(shí)候放手。A.instead相反；B.Otherwise否則；C.Therefore因此；D.However然而?？涨罢f對于富裕設(shè)區(qū)的青少年來說最大的問題不是缺乏動力和毅力，此處指出真正的問題所在，用instead引出，故A項(xiàng)正確。31題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這會導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的壓力。A.resultfrom起因于；考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這會導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的壓力。A.resultfrom起因于；B.applyfor申請；C.associatewith與 聯(lián)系在一起； D.leadto導(dǎo)致、引起。上文說最大的問題是不健康的完美主義，此處說的是它的危害，即：會導(dǎo)致身體和精神上的雙重壓力，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在2007年的一項(xiàng)研究中，心理學(xué)家格雷戈里?米勒發(fā)現(xiàn)，拒絕放棄不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)的少女體內(nèi) CRPK平升高，CRP^一種蛋白質(zhì)，可以作為與糖尿病、心臟病和其他疾病相關(guān)的全身炎癥的標(biāo)志。A.immoral不道德的；B.impersonal客觀的；C.impossible不可能的；D.impolite不禮貌的。上文說當(dāng)對成就的強(qiáng)烈追求超過了極限時(shí)，不健康的完美主義讓人們很難在應(yīng)該放棄的時(shí)候放手，這說明它讓人拒絕放棄不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，故 C項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們遭受歧視和不平等的經(jīng)歷教會他們接受那些目前在很大程度上超出他們控制范圍的改變。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.accept接受；C.assess評定；D.inquire詢問。根據(jù)空前的“experienceofdiscrimination（歧視）andinequalityteachesthem”可知，他們遭受歧視和不平等的經(jīng)歷教會他們接受那些在很大程度上超出他們控制范圍的改變，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這種文化教會了他們在別人面前的表現(xiàn)如何實(shí)際上比真正激勵(lì)他們的東西更重要，他們在哪里上大學(xué)比他們是什么樣的人更重要。A.plainly坦率地；B.probably可能地；C.immediately立即；D.actually實(shí)際上。根據(jù)空前的“weshouldallquestionaculturethathastaughtthemthathowtheyperformforothersismoreimportantthanwhat”可知，我們都應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑這樣一種文化——成功總是在他們掌控之中，這種文化教會了他們在別人面前的表現(xiàn)如何實(shí)際上比真正激勵(lì)他們的東西更重要，故D項(xiàng)正確。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該明智地提醒我們的孩子，生活總是在我們最不經(jīng)意的時(shí)候讓我們失望。A.exhibit展覽；B.expect期望、預(yù)料；C.establish建立；D.recognize認(rèn)出。根據(jù)空前的“l(fā)ifehasawayofdisappointinguswhenweleast”可知，我們應(yīng)該提醒孩子生活總是在我們最不經(jīng)意的時(shí)候讓我們失望，故 B項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】在完形填空的解題過程中，空前上下文出現(xiàn)的表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步關(guān)系的詞語往往是重要線索，例如本篇第8空，根據(jù)空前的“whilepraisinghardworkoverabilitymaybenefiteconomicallydisadvantagedstudents”可知，贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過能力可能會使經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差的學(xué)生受益，特別是根據(jù)while表示讓步關(guān)系可知，因此說的是雖然贊揚(yáng)努力學(xué)習(xí)勝過能力可能會使經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差的學(xué)生受益，但不一定對每個(gè)人都有幫助，故 C項(xiàng)(necessarily)正確。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)DavidMiles,anAustralianinventorhasbeenaccusedofcheatingdesperatefarmersbychargingupto$50,000Australiandollarsfordeliveringrainondemandwithoutsomuchasexplainingthetechnologybehindhisbusiness.OntheofficialMilesResearchwebsite，Milesexplainsthatinthe1990 ’sherealizedthatitwaspossibletoinfluenceweatherpatternsbycreatingabridgebetween ‘thepresent’anda‘near-futureevent’inthephysicalspace-timecontinuum.Hefoundthatbyapplyingsmallamountsofenergyintelligently,evenalarge,messyweathersystemapproachingfromthefuturecouldbeeased.Whilesomewhatfascinating,Miles’explanationdoeslittletoexplainhowheisabletobringrainfalltothelandsoffarmers.Hemakesreferencestofamousbutdebatableconceptslike“thebutterflyeffect”.“Wewereadvisedagainstpatentingbecauseifbasicallyexposinghowitworks,therewillbealotofbigcompaniesthatinvestinhuntingoutpatents,”Milessaid“Iunderstandthedoubts，theonlyotherwayistofullyproveupourscienceandphysics.Ifwedidthat,we'llloseit,itwillbetakenupasanationalsecurityinterestandit ’llthenbeweaponized.”Miles'claimsraisedsuspicionsforobviousreasons,includingasince-deletedsectionofhiscompanywebsite,whichclaimedthathistechnologyused “electromagneticscalarwaves”，whichscientistssaydon’tevenexist.TheAustralianCompetitionandConsumerCommission(ACCC)haswarnedpeopleagainstdoingbusinesswithhim,buttheAustralianinventorclaimstheACCCisonlytryingtodefamehimandhiscompany,asinrealitytheyaresuccessbased- ifitdoesn’train,theydon ’tgetpaid.“ConsumerssignedtheagreementthatifbytheendofJunetheyreceive100mm,theypay$50,000,wedon’twanttoiftheyonlyreceive50mm,theywouldonlypay$25,000.Anythingunderhalfbepaid,wedon’twanttoBelieveitornot,oneofthefarmerswhopaidDavidMilesforhisso-calledrain-makingcapabilitiestoldABCRadiothathewasquitehappywiththeresults.DavidMilesclaimstobecapableof .influencingtheweathersystempredictingthefutureeventsreducingtheatmospherictemperatureeasingthegravitationalenergyACCCissuedwarningagainstdoingbusinesswithMilesbecause .hechargedtoomuchfortheservicesprovidedtherewasnosolidsciencetohackuphistechnologyhispracticewasathreattonationalsecurityinteresthedidn’tofficiallypatenthistechnologywithA CCCAccordingtoMiles，howmuchwillbepaidifthefarmersreceive15mmofrain?A.$50,000. B.$25,000.C.$12,500. D.$0.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Milesneededsaferfacilitiesforhisbusiness.Milesbroughtaboutgoodcropsasexpected.Mileswasn’tdiscouragedbythecritics.Mileswasarrestedbythelocalpolice.【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了澳大利亞發(fā)明家戴維邁爾斯被指控欺騙農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樗跊]有解釋其業(yè)務(wù)背后的技術(shù)的情況下按需提供雨水以收取錢財(cái)?！?6題詳解】sherealizedthatitwaspossible細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Milesexplainsthatinthe1990sherealizedthatitwaspossibletoinfluenceweatherpatternsbycreatingabridgebetween ‘thepresent’anda‘near-futureevent’inthephysicalspace-timecontinuum.”可知邁爾斯解釋說，在20世紀(jì)90年代，他意識到在物理時(shí)空連續(xù)體中，通過在“當(dāng)前”和“近期事件”之間建立一座橋梁，有可能影響天氣模式，由此可知，大衛(wèi)?邁爾斯聲稱能夠影響天氣系統(tǒng)，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“includingasince-deletedsectionofhiscompanywebsite,whichclaimedthathistechnologyused “electromagneticscalarwaves”，whichscientistssaydon’tevenexist.”可知，邁爾斯在其公司網(wǎng)站上聲稱他的技術(shù)使用了“電磁標(biāo)量波”，但科學(xué)家稱這些技術(shù)甚至不存在，由此可知， ACCCt告人們不要與邁爾斯做交易是因?yàn)闆]有可靠的科學(xué)來解釋他的技術(shù)，故 B項(xiàng)正確。【38題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“iftheyonlyreceive50mm,theywouldonlypay$25,000.Anythingunderhalf，wedon’twanttobepaid,”可知，如果農(nóng)民們只得到50毫米的降雨量，他們只會支付 25000美元，如果任何低于一半(25毫米)的，他們將不會收費(fèi)，由此可知，按照邁爾斯的說法，如果農(nóng)民們得到15毫米的雨水，他不會收取一分錢，故 D項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wewereadvisedagainstpatentingbecauseifbasicallyexposinghowitworks,therewillbealotofbigcompaniesthatinvestinhuntingoutpatents, ”Milessaid“Iunderstandthedoubts，theonlyotherwayistofullyproveupourscienceandphysics.Ifwedidthat,we'llloseit,itwillbetakenupasanationalsecurityinterestandit ’llthenbeweaponized.””可知，邁爾斯說，“我們被建議不要申請專利，因?yàn)槿绻旧媳┞读怂墓ぷ髟恚瑢⒂泻芏啻蠊就顿Y于申請專利，我理解這些疑慮，唯一的另一個(gè)辦法就是充分證明我們的科學(xué)和物理學(xué)，如果我們這樣做(不申請專利)，我們就會失去它，它將被視為威脅國家安全利益，然后將被武器化”，由此可知，邁爾斯并沒有被評論家們嚇倒，故 C項(xiàng)正確。(B)Callnowtospeaktoafriendlyrepresentative(888)551-3466StannahForCurved&StraightStairs|7-DayMoneyBackGuarantee|RentalsAvailableAtStannah,wearecommittedtoprovidingourcustomerswiththesafest,morereliablestair-liftsandthemostgenerousassuranceamongstairliftprovider,forvaluethatcantbebeaten.Letuscreateacustomstair-liftsolutionforyourneeds.Calltofindalocalshowroom!Ourcustomersloveus!Trust-score9.5outof10☆☆☆☆☆398reviewson☆TrustpilotCouponMentionBostonGlobed

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wifii曲nf巾Mwrolkr口內(nèi)￥on型di-jcouril(jvfnurcha&rStannahstair-liftsarcavailableforindoorandoutdoorstraightorindoorcurvedstairs.TheStannahslime-linerailsitsclosetoyourwallandattachesto>ourstairsforseamlessinstallation.Ourpoweredfootrestmakesfoldingeasyandaslimprofileallowssafestairaccess(evenonnarrowstairs)whennotinuse.Well-equippedasstandard,witharangeofoptionsifneeded,Stannahstair-liftsareanexceptionalchoiceforthosedesiringloagegracefullyathome.?Safeandeasy-to-use?Availableforeitherstraightorcurvedstairways?OfferedforindoororoutdoorinstallationInstalledwithouthomealterations?Chairfoldsupeasilywhennotinuseforsafestairaccess?Poweredbyaconstanttricklechargebatteryforoperationeveninapowerfailure?Freebrochure.Usedbymanytoregaintheirindependenceandcontinuelivingsafelyintheirhomes.StannahStair-liftsareusuallythemostcost-effectivewhencomparedtomoving,remodelingorinstallinganelevator.FrequentlyAskedQuestions?Canmystairliftbeinstalledwithoutdamagingmywalls?Yes!Stannahstair-liftsaredesignedtomovealongarailthatattachestothestepofyourstairwayandnotyourwall.?Willothersbeabletogetbysafelywhenmystairliftisnotinuse?Absolutely!Yourstairliftcomesstandardwithapoweredfootrestandaneasilyfoldedseatforaslimlineprofileandunobstructedaccessforothers.?Can/gethelppayingformystairlift?BecauseMedicareandinsurancedoesn’tpayforstair-lifts,weofferarangeofmodelsatdifferentprices,andpaymentoptionsincluderental.Calltodaytoscheduleyourin-homestairsassessmentCalltoscheduleyourfree-in-homeassessmentwithanexpertadvisor.SelecttheStannahstairliftthatbestmeetsyourneeds.Installyournewstairlift inhours.Ourprofessionaltechnicianswillworkdiligentlytoprovideyouwithasafeliftyoucanrelyon?Weofferrapidresponseschedulingandinstallationatnoadditionalcharge!TohaveaStannahstairliftinstalled,oneneedsto .A.remodelone’slivingroom B.scheduleanin-homeassessmentC.ensureconstantpowersupply D.orderaspecialstairwayJennymayusetheCoupon（優(yōu)惠券）tosavesomemoneyonlyifshe .rentsthemodeladvertisedonBostonGlobepaysfortheStannahmodelwhichisonsalepurchasesonebrandnewStannahstairliftpublishespost-salereviewsonTrust-pilotWhichstatementisTRUEaboutStannahstair-liftmentionedintheadvertisement?Itpromisestoregularlycheckontheoldpeoplewholiveindependently.Itcanbeinstalledeasilybyfollowinginstructionsinthebrochure.Itprovidesfastandfreerepairservicesbyprofessionaltechnicians.Itoffersanalternativetooldpeoplewhodon'twanttoberelocated.【答案】40.B41.C42.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是斯坦納家用座椅電梯的廣告?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五行“Calltodaytoscheduleyourin-homestairsassessment”可知，今天打電話來安排你的家庭樓梯評估，由此可知，要安裝斯坦納座椅電梯，需要安排一次住房評估，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圓形圖表中的“whenpurchasedfromStannah”及“Onlyonediscountperpurchase”可知，珍妮只有在購買一個(gè)全新的斯坦納座椅電梯時(shí)才可以使用優(yōu)惠券享受一折的優(yōu)惠省下一些錢，故 C項(xiàng)正確。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圓形圖表下的段落最后一句話“Stannahstair-liftsareanexceptionalchoiceforthosedesiringloagegracefullyathome.”可知，對于那些想要在家里優(yōu)雅地老去的人來說，斯坦納座椅電梯是一個(gè)特別的選擇，也就是說，它為那些不愿搬遷的老人提供了一種選擇，故 D項(xiàng)正確。(C)Howandwhy,roughly2millionyearsago,earlyhumanancestorsevolvedlargebrainsandbeganfashioningrelativelyadvancedstonetools,isoneofthegreatmysteriesofevolution.Someresearchersarguethesechangeswerebroughtaboutbytheinventionofcooking.Theypointoutthatourbiteweakenedaroundthesametimeasourlargerbrainsevolved,andthatittakeslessenergytoabsorbnutrientsfromcookedfood.Asaresult,oncetheyhadmasteredtheart,earlychefscouldinvestlessintheirdigestivesystemsandthusinvesttheresultingenergysavingsinbuildinglargerbrainscapableofcomplexthought.Thereis,however,aproblemwiththecookingtheory.Mostarchaeologists（ 考古學(xué)家） believetheevidenceofcontrolledfirestretchesbacknomorethan790,000years.RogerSummonsoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhasasolution.Togetherwithhisteam,heanalyzed1.7million-year-oldsand-stonesthatformedinanancientriveratOlduvaiGorgeinTanzania.Theregionisfamousforthelargenumberofhumanfossils（ 化石）thathavebeendiscoveredthere,alongsideanimpressiveassemblyofstonetools.Thesand-stonesthemselveshavepreviously yieldedsomeoftheworld'searliestcomplexhandaxes—largetear-drop-shapedstonetoolsthatareassociatedwithHomoerectus（直立人）.Creatinganaxebyrepeatedlyknockingthinpiecesoffarawstoneinordertocreatetwosharpcuttingedgesrequiresasignificantamountofplanning.Theirappearanceisthereforethoughttomarkanimportantmomentinintellectualevolution.TrappedinsidetheOlduvaisand-stones,theresearchersfounddistinctivebutunusualbiologicalmolecules（分子）thatareofteninterpretedasbiomarkersforheat-tolerantbacteria.Someoftheseliveinwaterbetween85°Cand95°C.Themolecules'presencesuggeststhatanancientriverwithintheGorgewasoncefedbyoneormorehotsprings.Dr.Summonsandhiscolleaguessaythehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire"meansofcookingfood.InNewZealand,theMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodinhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholeinthehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistinJapanandIceland,soitisplausible,ifdifficulttoprove,thatearlyhumansmighthaveusedhotspringstocookmeatandroots.RichardWrangham,whodevisedthecookingtheory,isfascinatedbytheidea.Nonetheless,firewouldhaveofferedadistinctadvantagetohumans,oncetheyhadmasteredtheartofcontrollingitsince,unlikeahotspring,itisatransportableresource.AllofthefollowingstatementscansupportthecookingtheoryEXCEPT.A.cookingenabledearlyhumanstoinvestlessindigestivesystemcookingenabledearlyhumanstodevotemoreenergytobuildingbigbrainsourbrainbecamelargeraroundthesametimeourdigestivesystemweakenedD.thecontrolledfirewasntmastereduntilabout790,000yearsagoD.thecontrolledfirewasnThepresenceofbiologicalmoleculeswasim