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7ebyCharlesW.L.HillGlobalBusinessToday7eChapter4EthicsinInternationalBusinessChapter4EthicsinInternationIntroductionEthics-acceptedprinciplesofrightorwrongthatgoverntheconductofaperson,themembersofaprofession,ortheactionsofanorganizationBusinessethicsaretheacceptedprinciplesofrightorwronggoverningtheconductofbusinesspeopleEthicalstrategyisastrategy,orcourseofaction,thatdoesnotviolatetheseacceptedprinciplesIntroductionEthics-acceptedEthicalIssuesinInternationalBusinessThemostcommonethicalissuesinbusinessinvolveemploymentpracticeshumanrightsenvironmentalregulationscorruptionthemoralobligationofmultinationalcompaniesEthicalIssuesinInternaEmploymentPractices

Question:Whenworkconditionsinahostnationsareclearlyinferiortothoseinamultinational’shomenation,whatstandardsshouldbeapplied?Thestandardsofthehomenation?Thestandardsofthehostnation?Somethinginbetween?EmploymentPracticesQuestioHumanRights

Question:Whatistheresponsibilityofaforeignmultinationalwhenoperatinginacountrywherebasichumanrightsarenotrespected?Basichumanrightstakenforgrantedinthedevelopedworldsuchasfreedomofassociation,freedomofspeech,freedomofassembly,freedomofmovement,andsoon,arenotuniversallyacceptedHumanRightsQuestion:WhatEnvironmentalPollutionQuestion:Shouldamultinationalfeelfreetopolluteinadevelopingnationifdoingsodoesnotviolatelaws?Answer:Whenenvironmentalregulationsinhostnationsarefarinferiortothoseinthehomenation,ethicalissuesariseThetragedyofthecommonsoccurswhenaresourceheldincommonbyall,butownedbynoone,isoverusedbyindividualsresultinginitsdegradationEnvironmentalPollutionQueCorruption

Question:Isitethicaltomakepaymentstogovernmentofficialstosecurebusiness?

Answer:IntheUnitedStates,theForeignCorruptPracticesActoutlawedthepracticeofpayingbribestoforeigngovernmentofficialsinordertogainbusinessTheConventiononCombatingBriberyofForeignPublicOfficialsinInternationalBusinessTransactionsadoptedbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)obligesmemberstatestomakethebriberyofforeignpublicofficialsacriminaloffenseCorruptionQuestion:IsitCorruptionSomeeconomistssuggestthatthepracticeofgivingbribesmightbethepricethatmustbepaidtodoagreatergoodIncountrieswherepreexistingpoliticalstructuresdistortorlimittheworkingsofthemarketmechanism,corruptionintheformofblack-marketeering,smuggling,andsidepaymentstogovernmentbureaucratsto“speedup”approvalforbusinessinvestmentsmayactuallyenhancewelfareHowever,othereconomistshavearguedthatcorruptionreducesthereturnsonbusinessinvestmentandleadstoloweconomicgrowthCorruptionSomeeconomistssuggMoralObligations

Question:Domultinationalshavearesponsibilitytogivebacktothesocietiesthatenablethemtogrowandprosper?

Answer:Socialresponsibility-theideathatbusinesspeopleshouldtakethesocialconsequencesofeconomicactionsintoaccountwhenmakingbusinessdecisions,andthatthereshouldbeapresumptioninfavorofdecisionsthathavebothgoodeconomicandgoodsocialconsequencesMoralObligationsQuestionEthicalDilemmasManagersoftenfacesituationswheretheappropriatecourseofactionisnotclearEthicaldilemmas-situationsinwhichnoneoftheavailablealternativesseemsethicallyacceptabletheyexistbecauserealworlddecisionsarecomplex,difficulttoframe,andinvolvevariousconsequencesthataredifficulttoquantifyEthicalDilemmasManagersoftenTheRootsofUnethicalBehavior

Question:Whydomanagersbehaveinanunethicalmanner?Answer:ManagerialbehaviorisinfluencedbyPersonalethicsDecisionmakingprocessesOrganizationalcultureUnrealisticperformanceexpectationsLeadershipTheRootsofUnethicalBehavTheRootsofUnethicalBehaviorFigure4.1:DeterminantsofEthicalBehavior

TheRootsofUnethicalBehavPersonalEthicsBusinessethicsreflectpersonalethics(thegenerallyacceptedprinciplesofrightandwronggoverningtheconductofindividuals)ExpatriatesmayfacepressuretoviolatetheirpersonalethicsbecausetheyareawayfromtheirordinarysocialcontextandsupportingculturetheyarepsychologicallyandgeographicallydistantfromtheparentcompanyPersonalEthicsBusinessethicsDecisionMakingProcessesStudiesshowthatbusinesspeoplemaybehaveunethicallybecausetheyfailtoasktherelevantquestion—isthisdecisionoractionethical?decisionsaremadebasedoneconomiclogic,withoutconsiderationforethicsDecisionMakingProcessesStudiOrganizationalCultureUnethicalbehaviormayexistinfirmswithanorganizationculture

-thevaluesandnormsthataresharedamongemployeesofanorganization-thatdoesnotemphasizebusinessethicsValuesandnormsshapethecultureofafirm,andthatcultureinfluencesdecisionmakingOrganizationalCultureUnethicaUnrealisticPerformanceExpectationsPressurefromtheparentcompanytomeetperformancegoalsthatareunrealistic,andcanonlybeattainedbycuttingcornersoractinginanunethicalmannercancauseunethicalbehaviorUnrealisticPerformaLeadershipIfafirmsleadersfailtoactinanethicalmanner,otheremployeesmaynotactethicallyactionsspeaklouderthanwordsLeadershipIfafirmsleadersfPhilosophicalApproachestoEthicsThereareseveralapproachestobusinessethicsincludingStrawmentheFriedmandoctrineculturalrelativismtherighteousmoralistthena?veimmoralistUtilitarianandKantianRightstheoriesJusticeTheoriesPhilosophicalApproachesStrawMenStrawmenapproachesareraisedbybusinessethicsscholarsprimarilyforthepurposeofdemonstratingthattheyofferinappropriateguidelinesforethicaldecisionmakinginamultinationalenterpriseFoursuchapproachesaretheFriedmandoctrineculturalrelativismtherighteousmoralistthena?veimmoralistStrawMenStrawmenapproachesStrawMenFriedmanDoctrine-theonlysocialresponsibilityofbusinessistoincreaseprofits,solongasthecompanystayswithintherulesoflawcompaniesshouldnotundertakeexpendituresbeyondthosemandatedbylawandthoserequiredfortheefficientrunningofabusinessCulturalRelativism-thebeliefthatethicsareculturallydeterminedandthatfirmsshouldadopttheethicsoftheculturesinwhichtheyoperate“wheninRome,doastheRomansdo”StrawMenFriedmanDoctrine-tStrawMenRighteousMoralist-amultinational’shomecountrystandardsofethicsaretheappropriateonesforcompaniestofollowinforeigncountriesapproachiscommonamongmanagersfromdevelopedcountriesNa?veImmoralist-ifamanagerofamultinationalseesthatfirmsfromothernationsarenotfollowingethicalnormsinahostnation,thatmanagershouldnoteitheractionsareethicallyjustifiedifeveryoneelseisdoingthesamethingStrawMenRighteousMoralist-UtilitarianandKantianEthicsUtilitarianapproachestoethicsholdthatthemoralworthofactionsorpracticesisdeterminedbytheirconsequencesactionshavemultipleconsequences,somegood,somenotactionsaredesirableiftheyleadstothebestpossiblebalanceofgoodconsequencesoverbadconsequencesProblemswiththisapproachmeasuringthebenefits,costs,andrisksofacourseofactionthephilosophyfailstoconsiderjusticeUtilitarianandKantianEthicsUtilitarianandKantianEthicsKantianethics-basedonthephilosophyofImmanuelKantwhoarguedthatpeopleshouldbetreatedasendsandneverpurelyasmeanstotheendsofotherspeoplehavedignityandneedtoberespected,theyarenotmachinesUtilitarianandKantianEthicsRightsTheoriesRightstheories-humanbeingshavefundamentalrightsandprivilegesthattranscendnationalboundariesandculturefundamentalhumanrightsformthebasisforthemoralcompassthatmanagersshouldnavigatebywhenmakingdecisionsthathaveanethicalcomponentTheideathatsomefundamentalrightstranscendnationalbordersandcultureswastheunderlyingmotivationfortheUN’sUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(specifiesthebasicprinciplesthatshouldalwaysbeadheredtoirrespectiveofthecultureinwhichoneisdoingbusiness)RightsTheoriesRightstheoriesJusticeTheoriesJusticetheoriesfocusontheattainmentofajustdistribution(onethatisconsideredfairandequitable)ofeconomicgoodsandservicesJohnRawls-alleconomicgoodsandservicesshouldbedistributedequallyexceptwhenanunequaldistributionwouldworktoeveryone’sadvantageImpartialityisguaranteedbytheveilofignorance(everyoneisimaginedtobeignorantofallhisorherparticularcharacteristics)

JusticeTheoriesJusticetheoriJusticeTheories

Question:Whatsystemwouldpeopledesignunderaveilofignorance?Answer:AsystemwherepeoplewouldagreethateachpersonispermittedthemaximumamountofbasiclibertycompatiblewithasimilarlibertyforothersOnceequalbasiclibertyisassured,inequalityinbasicgoodssocialgoodsaretobeallowedonlyiftheybenefiteveryonethedifferenceprinciplesuggeststhatinequalitiesarejustifiediftheybenefitthepositionoftheleastadvantagedpersonJusticeTheoriesQuestion:ImplicationsforManagers

Question:Howcanmanagersensurethatethicalissuesareconsideredinbusinessdecisions?Answer:Managersshouldfavorhiringandpromotingpeoplewithawellgroundedsenseofpersonalethicsbuildanorganizationalculturethatplacesahighvalueonethicalbehaviormakesurethatleaderswithinthebusinessnotonlyarticulatetherhetoricofethicalbehavior,butalsoactinmannerthatisconsistentwiththatrhetoricputdecisionmakingprocessesinplacethatrequirepeopletoconsidertheethicaldimensionofbusinessdecisionsdevelopmoralcourageImplicationsforManagersHiringandPromotionBusinessesshouldstrivetoidentifyandhirepeoplewithastrongsenseofpersonalethicsProspectiveemployeesshouldfindoutasmuchastheycanabouttheethicalclimateinanorganizationHiringandPromotionBusinessesOrganizationCultureandLeadershipBusinessesneedtobuildanorganizationculturethatplacesahighvalueonethicalbehaviorthebusinessmustexplicitlyarticulatevaluesthatplaceastrongemphasisonethicalbehaviorcodeofethics-aformalstatementoftheethicalprioritiesabusinessadherestoleadersinthebusinessshouldgivelifeandmeaningtothecodeofethicsbyrepeatedlyemphasizingtheirimportance,andthenactingonthemthebusinessshouldputinplaceasystemofincentivesandrewardsthatrecognizepeoplewhoengageinethicalbehaviorandsanctionthosewhodonotOrganizationCultureDecision-MakingProcesses

Amoralcompasscanhelpdeterminewhetheradecisionisethical.Ifamanagercananswer“yes”tothefollowingquestions,thedecisionisethicallyacceptabledoesmydecisionfallwithintheacceptedvaluesofstandardsthattypicallyapplyintheorganizationalenvironment?amIwillingtoseethedecisioncommunicatedtoallstakeholdersaffectedbyit?wouldthepeoplewithwhomIhavesignificantpersonalrelationshipsapproveofthedecision?Decision-MakingProcessesAmoDecision-MakingProcessesAfive-stepprocesscanalsohelpmanagersthinkthroughethicalissues1.Howwouldadecisionaffectstakeholders-theindividualsorgroupswhohaveaninterest,stake,orclaimintheactionsandoverallperformanceofacompanyInternalstakeholders-peoplewhoworkfororwhoownthebusinesssuchasemployees,theboardofdirectors,andstockholders.Externalstakeholders-theindividualsorgroupswhohavesomeclaimonafirmsuchascustomers,suppliers,andunionsDecision-MakingProcessesAfivDecision-MakingProcesses2.Managersneedtodeterminewhetheraproposeddecisionwouldviolatethefundamentalrightsofanystakeholders3.Managersneedtoestablishmoralintent-thebusinessmustresolvetoplacemoralconcernsaheadofotherconcernsincaseswhereeitherthefundamentalrightsofstakeholdersorkeymoralprincipleshavebeenviolated4.Thecompanyshouldthenengageinethicalbehavior5.Thebusinessmustaudititsdecisions,reviewingthemtomakesurethattheywereconsistentwithethicalprinciplesDecision-MakingProcesses2.MEthicsOfficersToencourageethicalbehaviorinabusiness,anumberoffirmsnowhaveethicsofficersEthicsofficersensurethatemployeesaretrainedtobeethicallyawareethicalconsiderationsenterdecision-makingthecompany’scodeofethicsisfollowedEthicsOfficersToencourageetMoralCourageEmployeesinaninternationalbusinessmayneedsignificantmoralcouragemanagersneedtobeabletoowalkawayfromdecisionsthatareprofitable,butunethicalemployeesneedtobeabletosaynotoactionsthatareunethicalMoralCourageEmployeesinaniSummaryofDecision-MakingStepsInternationalbusinessesshouldstrivetohireandpromotepeoplebasedonethicalconsiderationsaswellasothermetricsofperformanceestablishanethicalculturewithintheorganizationappointethicsofficerscreateanenvironmentthatfacilitatesmoralcourageItisimportanttorecognizethatnotallethicaldilemmashaveaclearandobvioussolutionSummaryofDecision-MakClassroomPerformanceSystemMultinationalcompaniesareconcernedwithethicsisallofthefollowingareasexceptEmploymentpracticesHumanrightsEnvironmentalregulationsTraderegulationsClassroomPerformanceSystemClassroomPerformanceSystemWhichofthefollowingdoesnotcontributetounethicalbehaviorbymanagers?UnrealisticperformancegoalsLeadershipOrganizationalcultureRestrictionsonbribesClassroomPerformanceSystemClassroomPerformanceSystemWhichphilosophyclaimsthatacompany’shome-countrystandardsofethicsaretheappropriateonestofollowinforeigncountries?CulturalrelativismRighteousmoralistFriedmandoctrineNa?veimmoralistClassroomPerformanceSystemClassroomPerformanceSystemAcompany’sformalstatementofethicalprioritiesiscalleditsMissionstatementCodeofethicsCodeofvaluesOrganizationalcultureClassroomPerformanceSystem演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！GlobalBusinessToday

7ebyCharlesW.L.HillGlobalBusinessToday7eChapter4EthicsinInternationalBusinessChapter4EthicsinInternationIntroductionEthics-acceptedprinciplesofrightorwrongthatgoverntheconductofaperson,themembersofaprofession,ortheactionsofanorganizationBusinessethicsaretheacceptedprinciplesofrightorwronggoverningtheconductofbusinesspeopleEthicalstrategyisastrategy,orcourseofaction,thatdoesnotviolatetheseacceptedprinciplesIntroductionEthics-acceptedEthicalIssuesinInternationalBusinessThemostcommonethicalissuesinbusinessinvolveemploymentpracticeshumanrightsenvironmentalregulationscorruptionthemoralobligationofmultinationalcompaniesEthicalIssuesinInternaEmploymentPractices

Question:Whenworkconditionsinahostnationsareclearlyinferiortothoseinamultinational’shomenation,whatstandardsshouldbeapplied?Thestandardsofthehomenation?Thestandardsofthehostnation?Somethinginbetween?EmploymentPracticesQuestioHumanRights

Question:Whatistheresponsibilityofaforeignmultinationalwhenoperatinginacountrywherebasichumanrightsarenotrespected?Basichumanrightstakenforgrantedinthedevelopedworldsuchasfreedomofassociation,freedomofspeech,freedomofassembly,freedomofmovement,andsoon,arenotuniversallyacceptedHumanRightsQuestion:WhatEnvironmentalPollutionQuestion:Shouldamultinationalfeelfreetopolluteinadevelopingnationifdoingsodoesnotviolatelaws?Answer:Whenenvironmentalregulationsinhostnationsarefarinferiortothoseinthehomenation,ethicalissuesariseThetragedyofthecommonsoccurswhenaresourceheldincommonbyall,butownedbynoone,isoverusedbyindividualsresultinginitsdegradationEnvironmentalPollutionQueCorruption

Question:Isitethicaltomakepaymentstogovernmentofficialstosecurebusiness?

Answer:IntheUnitedStates,theForeignCorruptPracticesActoutlawedthepracticeofpayingbribestoforeigngovernmentofficialsinordertogainbusinessTheConventiononCombatingBriberyofForeignPublicOfficialsinInternationalBusinessTransactionsadoptedbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)obligesmemberstatestomakethebriberyofforeignpublicofficialsacriminaloffenseCorruptionQuestion:IsitCorruptionSomeeconomistssuggestthatthepracticeofgivingbribesmightbethepricethatmustbepaidtodoagreatergoodIncountrieswherepreexistingpoliticalstructuresdistortorlimittheworkingsofthemarketmechanism,corruptionintheformofblack-marketeering,smuggling,andsidepaymentstogovernmentbureaucratsto“speedup”approvalforbusinessinvestmentsmayactuallyenhancewelfareHowever,othereconomistshavearguedthatcorruptionreducesthereturnsonbusinessinvestmentandleadstoloweconomicgrowthCorruptionSomeeconomistssuggMoralObligations

Question:Domultinationalshavearesponsibilitytogivebacktothesocietiesthatenablethemtogrowandprosper?

Answer:Socialresponsibility-theideathatbusinesspeopleshouldtakethesocialconsequencesofeconomicactionsintoaccountwhenmakingbusinessdecisions,andthatthereshouldbeapresumptioninfavorofdecisionsthathavebothgoodeconomicandgoodsocialconsequencesMoralObligationsQuestionEthicalDilemmasManagersoftenfacesituationswheretheappropriatecourseofactionisnotclearEthicaldilemmas-situationsinwhichnoneoftheavailablealternativesseemsethicallyacceptabletheyexistbecauserealworlddecisionsarecomplex,difficulttoframe,andinvolvevariousconsequencesthataredifficulttoquantifyEthicalDilemmasManagersoftenTheRootsofUnethicalBehavior

Question:Whydomanagersbehaveinanunethicalmanner?Answer:ManagerialbehaviorisinfluencedbyPersonalethicsDecisionmakingprocessesOrganizationalcultureUnrealisticperformanceexpectationsLeadershipTheRootsofUnethicalBehavTheRootsofUnethicalBehaviorFigure4.1:DeterminantsofEthicalBehavior

TheRootsofUnethicalBehavPersonalEthicsBusinessethicsreflectpersonalethics(thegenerallyacceptedprinciplesofrightandwronggoverningtheconductofindividuals)ExpatriatesmayfacepressuretoviolatetheirpersonalethicsbecausetheyareawayfromtheirordinarysocialcontextandsupportingculturetheyarepsychologicallyandgeographicallydistantfromtheparentcompanyPersonalEthicsBusinessethicsDecisionMakingProcessesStudiesshowthatbusinesspeoplemaybehaveunethicallybecausetheyfailtoasktherelevantquestion—isthisdecisionoractionethical?decisionsaremadebasedoneconomiclogic,withoutconsiderationforethicsDecisionMakingProcessesStudiOrganizationalCultureUnethicalbehaviormayexistinfirmswithanorganizationculture

-thevaluesandnormsthataresharedamongemployeesofanorganization-thatdoesnotemphasizebusinessethicsValuesandnormsshapethecultureofafirm,andthatcultureinfluencesdecisionmakingOrganizationalCultureUnethicaUnrealisticPerformanceExpectationsPressurefromtheparentcompanytomeetperformancegoalsthatareunrealistic,andcanonlybeattainedbycuttingcornersoractinginanunethicalmannercancauseunethicalbehaviorUnrealisticPerformaLeadershipIfafirmsleadersfailtoactinanethicalmanner,otheremployeesmaynotactethicallyactionsspeaklouderthanwordsLeadershipIfafirmsleadersfPhilosophicalApproachestoEthicsThereareseveralapproachestobusinessethicsincludingStrawmentheFriedmandoctrineculturalrelativismtherighteousmoralistthena?veimmoralistUtilitarianandKantianRightstheoriesJusticeTheoriesPhilosophicalApproachesStrawMenStrawmenapproachesareraisedbybusinessethicsscholarsprimarilyforthepurposeofdemonstratingthattheyofferinappropriateguidelinesforethicaldecisionmakinginamultinationalenterpriseFoursuchapproachesaretheFriedmandoctrineculturalrelativismtherighteousmoralistthena?veimmoralistStrawMenStrawmenapproachesStrawMenFriedmanDoctrine-theonlysocialresponsibilityofbusinessistoincreaseprofits,solongasthecompanystayswithintherulesoflawcompaniesshouldnotundertakeexpendituresbeyondthosemandatedbylawandthoserequiredfortheefficientrunningofabusinessCulturalRelativism-thebeliefthatethicsareculturallydeterminedandthatfirmsshouldadopttheethicsoftheculturesinwhichtheyoperate“wheninRome,doastheRomansdo”StrawMenFriedmanDoctrine-tStrawMenRighteousMoralist-amultinational’shomecountrystandardsofethicsaretheappropriateonesforcompaniestofollowinforeigncountriesapproachiscommonamongmanagersfromdevelopedcountriesNa?veImmoralist-ifamanagerofamultinationalseesthatfirmsfromothernationsarenotfollowingethicalnormsinahostnation,thatmanagershouldnoteitheractionsareethicallyjustifiedifeveryoneelseisdoingthesamethingStrawMenRighteousMoralist-UtilitarianandKantianEthicsUtilitarianapproachestoethicsholdthatthemoralworthofactionsorpracticesisdeterminedbytheirconsequencesactionshavemultipleconsequences,somegood,somenotactionsaredesirableiftheyleadstothebestpossiblebalanceofgoodconsequencesoverbadconsequencesProblemswiththisapproachmeasuringthebenefits,costs,andrisksofacourseofactionthephilosophyfailstoconsiderjusticeUtilitarianandKantianEthicsUtilitarianandKantianEthicsKantianethics-basedonthephilosophyofImmanuelKantwhoarguedthatpeopleshouldbetreatedasendsandneverpurelyasmeanstotheendsofotherspeoplehavedignityandneedtoberespected,theyarenotmachinesUtilitarianandKantianEthicsRightsTheoriesRightstheories-humanbeingshavefundamentalrightsandprivilegesthattranscendnationalboundariesandculturefundamentalhumanrightsformthebasisforthemoralcompassthatmanagersshouldnavigatebywhenmakingdecisionsthathaveanethicalcomponentTheideathatsomefundamentalrightstranscendnationalbordersandcultureswastheunderlyingmotivationfortheUN’sUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(specifiesthebasicprinciplesthatshouldalwaysbeadheredtoirrespectiveofthecultureinwhichoneisdoingbusiness)RightsTheoriesRightstheoriesJusticeTheoriesJusticetheoriesfocusontheattainmentofajustdistribution(onethatisconsideredfairandequitable)ofeconomicgoodsandservicesJohnRawls-alleconomicgoodsandservicesshouldbedistributedequallyexceptwhenanunequaldistributionwouldworktoeveryone’sadvantageImpartialityisguaranteedbytheveilofignorance(everyoneisimaginedtobeignorantofallhisorherparticularcharacteristics)

JusticeTheoriesJusticetheoriJusticeTheories

Question:Whatsystemwouldpeopledesignunderaveilofignorance?Answer:AsystemwherepeoplewouldagreethateachpersonispermittedthemaximumamountofbasiclibertycompatiblewithasimilarlibertyforothersOnceequalbasiclibertyisassured,inequalityinbasicgoodssocialgoodsaretobeallowedonlyiftheybenefiteveryonethedifferenceprinciplesuggeststhatinequalitiesarejustifiediftheybenefitthepositionoftheleastadvantagedpersonJusticeTheoriesQuestion:ImplicationsforManagers

Question:Howcanmanagersensurethatethicalissuesareconsideredinbusinessdecisions?Answer:Managersshouldfavorhiringandpromotingpeoplewithawellgroundedsenseofpersonalethicsbuildanorganizationalculturethatplacesahighvalueonethicalbehaviormakesurethatleaderswithinthebusinessnotonlyarticulatetherhetoricofethicalbehavior,butalsoactinmannerthatisconsistentwiththatrhetoricputdecisionmakingprocessesinplacethatrequirepeopletoconsidertheethicaldimensionofbusinessdecisionsdevelopmoralcourageImplicationsforManagersHiringandPromotionBusinessesshouldstrivetoidentifyandhirepeoplewithastrongsenseofpersonalethicsProspectiveemployeesshouldfindoutasmuchastheycanabouttheethicalclimateinanorganizationHiringandPromotionBusinessesOrganizationCultureandLeadershipBusinessesneedtobuildanorganizationculturethatplacesahighvalueonethicalbehaviorthebusinessmustexplicitlyarticulatevaluesthatplaceastrongemphasisonethicalbehaviorcodeofethics-aformalstatementoftheethicalprioritiesabusinessadherestoleadersinthebusinessshouldgivelifeandmeaningtothecodeofethicsbyrepeatedlyemphasizingtheirimportance,andthenactingonthemthebusinessshouldputinplaceasystemofincentivesandrewardsthatrecognizepeoplewhoengageinethicalbehaviorandsanctionthosewhodonotOrganizationCultureDecision-MakingProcesses

Amoralcompasscanhelpdeterminewhetheradecisionisethical.Ifamanagercananswer“yes”tothefollowingquestions,thedecisionisethicallyacceptabledoesmydecisionfallwithintheacceptedvaluesofstandardsthattypicallyapplyintheorganizationalenvironment?amIwillingtoseethedecisioncommunicatedtoallstakeholdersaffectedbyit?wouldthepeoplewithwhomIhavesignificantpersonalrelationshipsapproveofthedecision?Decision-MakingProcessesAmoDecision-MakingProcessesAfive-stepprocesscanalsohelpmanagersthinkthroughethicalissues1.Howwould