人教版英語選修六第四單元知識點(diǎn)

人教版英語選修六第四單元知識點(diǎn)U4(選修六)Languagepoints-reading1on/upon+n依賴,依賴,確(堅(jiān))信Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.dependon/upon+sb.+todo希望某人做Youcan’tdependonhimtocomeontime.dependon/upon+it+that希望...Youmaydependonitthathewillcome.dependon/upon+wh-從句Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.That(all)depends./italldepends.(口語)視狀況而定，Imayhelpyou.Butthat/itdepends.2.light1)n.光,線,燈2)v.照亮,點(diǎn)燃Helitamatch.他劃著了一根火柴。Asmileoftriumphlitupherface.她的臉上閃耀著成功的微笑。Thematchlightseasily.這火柴簡單劃著3)adjThesuitcaseisverylight.（輕的）Therewasalightrainfalling.Heisalightsleeper.他睡不沉。（易醒的）3.heatv./heatup是某物變熱或變暖heatedadj.熱的激烈的heateddebate,heateddiscussionheatedlyadv.生氣地激動地heater加熱器發(fā)熱器consumer(n.).耗資,開銷;耗盡吃完,喝光Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子們一會兒功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。使全神貫注,使著迷+withTheboywasconsumedwithcuriosity.那男孩充滿好奇心。asonecan=asaspossiblePleasecomehereassoonaspossible.=Pleasecomehereassoonasyoucan..asmanyas多達(dá)aslongas長達(dá),只要asfaras遠(yuǎn)至,就而論aswellas和相同好,也,和asearlyas早在6.比較：Ourfoodsupplyhasgivenout.Hismoneysoonranout.Wearerunningoutofourtime.Ihaverunoutofmyoil.Allhissavingshavebeenusedup.vt./n.擋住騙局Sandandleavestrappedthewaterinthestream.Theyfinallytrappedthemouseinacage.最后，他們用籠子把老鼠逮著了。Thepolicesetatrapforthethieves.Shewastrappedintheburninghouse..from.stop.(from).prevent(from).Youshouldcleanyourroomtokeepitfromgettingdirty.你應(yīng)該打掃房間以保持干凈。Keepdoing連續(xù)keepout擋住使進(jìn)不去keepupwith跟上9Whatdoyouthinkgreenhousegasesdo你認(rèn)為溫室氣體有什么作用呢▲本句中think后接了一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。但應(yīng)注意的是：特別賓語從句即當(dāng)一般疑問句主句的謂語動詞是

think,believe，suppose，consider,imagine，guess和suggest等時(shí)，表疑問的詞要放在主句前即句首。比方：[正]Whodoyouthinkwillwininthegame[誤]Doyouthinkwhowillwininthegame自然一般狀況下賓語從句的疑問詞應(yīng)放在主句此后，比方：[誤]Whydoyouknowwecan'tcutdownthebigtree[正]Doyouknowwhywecan'tcutdownthebigtreewhencomparedtoothernaturalchanges是一個(gè)省略的時(shí)間狀語從句，其圓滿的形式應(yīng)該是Whenitiscomparedto;在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或退步狀語從句中，若是從句和主句為同一主語，也許從句的主語是it,而且從句中的謂語動詞時(shí)動詞be或含有助動詞be，可省略主語和be如：If(itis)so,youmustgetbackandgetit.Although(hewas)criticized,hestillworkedhard.Hehurthislegsbadlywhen(hewas)playingfootballcompareto/with:與比較Comparedto/withmanywomen,pareAwithB：比較（不一樣樣）Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,pareAtoB：把A比作BPoetshavecomparedsleeptodeath.Ateacher'sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.Comparedtotenyearsago,thecarbondioxidecontentoverthisdecadehasgoneuprapidly.Carbondioxideintheatmosphereiscomparedtotheglassofgreenhouse.ComparedwithissimilartoPeopleoftencompareteacherstogardeners.人們經(jīng)常把老師比做園丁。Thatprobablydoesn’paredtomostnaturalchanges與大多數(shù)的自然變化比較about:發(fā)生=happen(無被動）1Thissituationshouldneverhavecomeout.2Howdiditcomeaboutthathehadhisleghurt他的腿傷著了，這是怎么發(fā)生的3Thishasnotcomeaboutovernight.冰凍三尺，非一日之寒Takeplace事件的發(fā)生有某種原因或開初的安排：TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.Happen有時(shí)或突發(fā)性事件：whathappenedtoyouIhappenedtoseehimonmywayhome=IthappenedthatIsawhimonmywayhome.Occur發(fā)生或想到，突然想起，意為發(fā)生時(shí)=happen:whathasoccurredIoccurredtomethatshedidn’tknowIhadmovedintothenewhouse.Comeabout事情發(fā)生了，但還不知道為什么。常用于否定和疑問Whenmotherwokeup,shedidn’tknowwhathadcomeabout.Breakout常指戰(zhàn)爭災(zāi)禍疾病爭吵事件的發(fā)生comeintobeing形成Comeintopower/office當(dāng)權(quán)/當(dāng)職Comeintoforce/effect開始見效Comeout初版,結(jié)果comeacross偶遇cometo共計(jì)，清醒Whenitcomesto涉及Comeupwith提出Comeup在空中出現(xiàn)，Comealong,進(jìn)展，隨從cometrue成真isnodoubtthat毫無.疑問.Thereisnodoubtthathecancomeontime.doubt的賓語從句,必然句whether/if/that否定句thatHedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp.Heneverdoubtedthattheywouldwinthegame.beyond/withoutdoubt無疑地Itishumanactivitythat原句：Myteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.重申主語：Itwasmyteacherthatdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.重申賓語Itwastheexperimentthatmyteacherdidinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.重申時(shí)間狀語Itwasyesterdaymorningthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabwithme.重申地點(diǎn)狀語Itwasinthelabthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentyesterdaymorningwithme.重申方式狀語Itwaswithmethatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorning.notuntilIdidn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.ItwasuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIdidn’trealizeshewasafamousfilm錯(cuò)star).(ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(對)重申句的一般疑問句句型：Is/Was+被興隆的部分+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分特別疑問句重申句句型的構(gòu)成：特別疑問詞如：

+be+it+that+句子的其他部分（用陳述語序）例DidhehelpyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweekWasithethathelpedyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweekWhendidyoureceivethegiftWhenwasitthatyoureceivedthegift13random任意的胡亂的隨機(jī)的/randomlyatrandom任意地任意地phenomenon(sing.)phenomena(pl.)thephenomenaofnature自然現(xiàn)象asocialphenomenon社會現(xiàn)象vi.Vt.Subscribeto贊成贊成，支持訂閱簽字Isubscribetoyouropinioncompletely.(贊成贊成)Isubscribetoaweeklywomen’s（magazine訂閱報(bào)紙雜志）Shesubscribestoasocietywhichhelpstoprotectanimals(如期捐款）16．Withoutthe‘greenhouseeffect，’theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.若是沒有溫室效應(yīng)，地球會比現(xiàn)在冷33℃▲這是一個(gè)委宛虛假條件句=Iftherewereno“greenhouseeffect”the,earthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity)，therewouldbenomodemindustry．若是沒有電，就不會有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。Hewashavingameetingwithhisstudents；otherwisehewouldhavecome.他當(dāng)時(shí)正與他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行議論，否則的話他就來幫我們了。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty．他昨天很累,否則他就參加那個(gè)聚會了。17.addv.addup加起來addupto共計(jì)達(dá)addto增加Ifyouadd4to3,youget7Addupthesefigures,please.18.quantity1)Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜歡閱讀,總是成批地買書。2)Heprefersqualitytoquantitywhenfoodisconcerned.在吃的方面，他重質(zhì)而不重量3Alargequantityofair-conditionershasbeensoldsincethetemperaturebegantorise.自從氣溫高升，大量的空調(diào)已經(jīng)被賣出去了。alargequantityof/largequantitiesof;大量的，好多的inquantity;成批地，大量地alargequantityof/largequantitiesof此后接可數(shù)或不可以數(shù)名詞。注意:alargequantityof作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。largequantitiesof詞都用復(fù)數(shù)

作主語，謂語動Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.不定式短語也可以置于句尾，有時(shí)前面加之外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果比方：HugequantitiesofCO2areaddedtotheatmosphere.Hugequantitiesoffossilfuelsareburnedtoproduceenergy.Asaresultofburningfossilfuels,alargeofcarbondioxide___addedtotheatmosphere.A.number;isB.quantity;isC.number;areD.quantity;aremeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。causing現(xiàn)在分詞短語置于句尾，平時(shí)和句子分開，作結(jié)果狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，表示正常的結(jié)果Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoneyandabigcompany.only,在句子中作結(jié)果狀語，但經(jīng)常表示猜想之外Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthtrainhadleftalready.Tend-tendencyvt.照顧，護(hù)理tendto易于，經(jīng)常會；傾向于goupinsmoke子虛烏有g(shù)oby經(jīng)過goinfor參加gothrough經(jīng)歷，遇到goon前進(jìn)22.resultin以致,造成=leadtoresultfrom:來由于，由于citizensopposedthenewtax.大多數(shù)市民反對新稅。2)Themotheropposedherdaughter’sgoingtherealone這位.母親反對她女兒一個(gè)人去那邊3)I’mstronglyopposedtoyourplan我.堅(jiān)決反對你的計(jì)劃。4)Hisdaughterisveryathletic,asopposedtohisson,whoisveryclever.他的女兒擅長運(yùn)動，他的兒子卻擅長動腦，兩人形成鮮亮的比較。opposesth反對某事；opposedoingsth反對干某事beopposedtosth./doingsth.反對asopposedto(介詞)與比較下表示“反對”的短語：saynoto對說不，拒絕，反對；beagainst反對，不一樣樣意；objectto(doing)sth.反對，討厭；objectthat對提出異議。比方：Canyouexplainwhyyousaidnotomyoffer你能否講解一下為什么拒絕我的幫助Theyobjectedthattheschedulewastootight.它們對工作進(jìn)度表太緊提出異議。1)Theriseinlungcancerswasaconsequenceofcigarettesmoking.肺癌的增加是吸煙造成的結(jié)果。2)——I’mafraidyou你’恐re怕ill是.病了吧——It’sofnoconsequence不要.緊3）Asaconsequenceofagreatfirethehousewascompletelydestroyed.由于大火，房子被完滿損壞了。4)Whoshouldanswerfortheconsequenceoftheaccident.誰應(yīng)該為這舉事故負(fù)責(zé)beofno/little/great/much+consequence不/特別重要asaconsequence(of)=inconsequence(of結(jié)果)（是），由于taketheconsequenceof擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任answerfortheconsequences對結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)。句子改寫1)Hehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,sotheyhadtowalkthere.=Hehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin____________theyhadtowalkthere.2)Istheexperimentveryimportanttoyou=Istheexperiment______________________toyouinconsequenceofgreatconsequencemildadj.1)平易的,溫柔的Heisthemildestmanalive.他是世上最平易的人了。溫暖的,溫暖的It'sbeenamildwinterthisyear.今年的冬天素來很溫暖。味淡的,不濃烈的Pleasemakemydrinkamildone.請把我的酒調(diào)得淡一點(diǎn)。略微的,不重的;寬大的Hewasgivenamildpunishment.他被從輕發(fā)落。26.state-statementThewitnessstatedthatshehadneverseenMr.Smith陳述;聲明;說明Iceisthesolidstateofwater.形態(tài)Inchina,therailwayareownedbythestate.國家,政府Thereare50statesinAmericaEverythingwasinastateofdisorder.狀態(tài)Thepresidenthasmadeanimportantstatementaboutthematter.state是常用詞，只人或物所處的表面、心理、健康及所處的狀況等方面的狀況，但不如condition詳盡，只用作單數(shù)形式。Thehousewasinadirtystate.condition是常用詞，○用作單數(shù)形式，表示人或物目前所處的真實(shí)詳盡狀態(tài)，尤指內(nèi)在狀態(tài)，可與state替用；eg.beinpoor/goodcondition○用作復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，抽象地表示一般狀態(tài)。eg.poorworkingconditionssituation是一般用詞，尤指處于某時(shí)期的狀況，處境，場面，形勢。指各種詳盡狀況綜合起來的狀態(tài)，多指緊迫或重要的形勢，重申外面因素對該形勢的影響，常用作單數(shù)形式。oneselfinanembarrassingsituationposition○有利的狀況（如競爭中或戰(zhàn)爭中的）○(尤作單數(shù))處境，形勢（尤指影響某人行為的能力）amnotinapositiontohelpyou.我?guī)筒涣四恪?7.range1)排列,將...排成行Thecardswererangedinalphabeticalorder.2)(在必然范圍內(nèi))變化thefrontierrangesfromthenorthernhillstothesoutherncoastThepricesofthepensrangefrom$5-$100.It’sbeyondtherangeofmyability.Icamewithinmyrangeofvision.hehasawiderangeofknowledge.beyondtherangeof超出范圍withintherangeof在范圍內(nèi)rangefromAtoB范圍從A到B28.1)Thecloudsarebuildingup.云彩在齊聚2)Youneedmoreproteintobuildyouup.增強(qiáng)體質(zhì),強(qiáng)身健體。3)She’sbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness逐漸.建立4)Thesingerhasbeenbuiltupintoagoodsuccess.吹捧，贊美5)I‘mverygladtoseethatyourvocabularyisgraduallybuildingup.逐漸增加6)Hardworkingconditionsbuildupcharacter.(喻)能磨練人的性格29.evenif/thoughIwouldn'ttellyouevenifIknew.Evenifshesurvives,she'llneverfullyrecover.Eventhoughhe's24now,he'sstilllikealittlechild.Icanstillremember,eventhoughitwassolongago.30.steady-steadily平穩(wěn)的，連續(xù)的，可靠地，堅(jiān)固的HehasmadeasteadydecisionTherehasbeenasteadyincreaseincarproductioninthepast6months.ZhangFengisasteadyyoungman.Pleasekeeptheladdersteady.Wedroveatasteadyspeed.Asteadyjob/income堅(jiān)固的工作/收入Asteadyworker可靠的工人Steadyrain連綿的雨31.tendency傾向趨向Shehasartistictendencies.她有藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)。Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.Maryisnicebutshehasatendencytotalktoomuch.有傾向;+to/towardHehasatendencytowardspessimism.他有悲觀的傾向。Bobhasatendencytoexaggeratethings.鮑勃有愛夸張的傾向。Trendtendencycurrent:這些名詞均含“趨向，傾向”之意。trend:指事物發(fā)展總的方向、傾向或趨向。Arecenttrendinliterature,fashiontrendtendency:指固有或習(xí)得的傾向性，重申沒有外來的影響或攪亂。current:指向某一方面發(fā)展或在確趨向中行動32.widespread分布廣的，寬泛的Theforestsarewidespreadinourcountry.我們的國家森林分布很廣。Thenewlawsgainedwidespreadacceptance.Theirsuggestionmetwithwidespreaddisagreement寬泛的Therewasawidespreadbeliefinhisinnocencethewhole總的來說；從整體上看Onthewhole,heisagoodboy.Theweatherthismonthhasbeencoldonthewhole.Onthewhole,I’minfavoroftheidea.Thepaperiswellwrittenonthewhole.34.averageabovetheaverage在一般水平以上,中上;在平均數(shù)以上belowtheaverage在一般水平以下,中下;在平均數(shù)以下onaverage平均,按平均數(shù)計(jì)算;一般地說onanaverage平均,按平均數(shù)計(jì)算;一般地說Theaverageof4,8,and60is24.(N)4、8和60的平均數(shù)是24。平均；平均水平adjWhatistheaveragerainfallforAugustinyourcountryTheaverageageofthestudentsinthisclassis9.Hisaverageresult(ofthisthreesubjects)is96.Hisresultsistheaverage.他成績平平I’dsayhewasofaverageheight中.等個(gè)頭Tomisgoodatmaths---wellaboveaverage.遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于平均水平Onaverage,babiesstartwalkingatayearold.Languagepoints-reading2behalfof代表一方Myhusbandcouldnotbeheretonight,butlwanttothankyouonhisbehalf.Weattendedtheglobalconferenceonbehalfofourcountry.I’mgreatlyhonoredtoputonperformancehereonbehalfofmyschool.Thehero’swifeacceptedthemedalonbehalfofherdeadhusband.v.建議主張擁護(hù)煽動/n.建議者Headvocatesbuildingmoreschools.Tmitment--commitv.犯罪犯錯(cuò)誤,使擔(dān)當(dāng)義務(wù),為某人作出保證commitacrimeadifference:有關(guān)系，有影響，有重要性makenodifference：沒有關(guān)系，沒有重要性Itwon'tmakemuchdifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.你今天去或明天去沒有多大關(guān)系.Itmakenodifferenceifyoulightalampinthesunshine.白天點(diǎn)燈多此一舉。upwith忍受;忍受;受累Wecan’tputupwithhisendlesscomplaint.I'mafraidyou'llhavetoputupwithhisbadtemper.Thatwoman,asahousewife,hasalottoputupwith.Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecan’tputupwithit.與stand,bear同義Wehavetobearwithhisbadtemperbecauseheisabitfrustratedthesedays.Icannotstandwaitinganylonger.Modernplasticscan_______veryhighandverylowtemperature.（山東）A．standB.holdC.carryD.supportKey:Aputaside節(jié)約(錢、時(shí)間);儲藏;把放在一邊putaway整理起來;存儲(錢)putback放回原處;延緩putdown寫下;記下;控制putforward提出(建議、建議);介紹putoff延期;推遲putout熄滅;撲滅putup舉起;張開(傘);張貼;為供應(yīng)食宿Matchthephraseswiththecorrectmeaninglongas/aslongas只要，若是onconditionthat在的條件下1）IwillgoabroadonconditionthatIearnenoughmoney.若是我掙到足夠的錢，我就出國。2）Wewillhelpyouonconditionthat/aslongasyoucanofferus