Unit4 Grammar 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解課件-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）必修第三冊(cè)

GrammarandusageModelVerbs1．—Honestlyspeaking,Idon’tthinkI’mgoingtogettheoffer.—Well,youneverknow!You_______________(make)abetterimpressionthanyouthink.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)mayhavemade情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)檢測(cè)2．Toallthepeoplewhohavecometomyhelp,I________thankyouenoughforyourkindnesstomeandIwillkeepitinmindfortherestofmylife.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)can’t3．“Theprofit________bedividedintothreeparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）shall4．I'mnotsureofthereasonforthedog'sillness,butit________________________(cause)byeatingtoomuch.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）mayhavebeencaused5．WhenIwasalittlechild,mygrandma________readmestoriesalmosteverynight.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）would6．Why__________youchoosetoworkinaremotemountainvillagewhenyoucanhavearespectablejobinabigcity?（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）must7．You________nothavepreparedbreakfastsoearly.Idon'thavetogotoschooltoday.(用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，通常與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的看法或主觀設(shè)想。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、could、may、might、must、oughtto、shall、should、will和would。另外，dare、need、haveto和usedto也具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某些特性。2can與could表示能力（ability），意思相當(dāng)于beableto。如：Jackcanswim.Myfathercouldstandonhishandswhen

hewasyoung.注意：在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中，was/wereableto通常表示能做并且已經(jīng)做了的事，could僅表示能力。

如：Iwasabletoswimtothebankwhentheshipsank.Icouldlifttheheavybox.3must與need表示必要性（necessity）。must意為“必須”，否定式mustn’t意為“不許”；need意為“需要”，否定式needn’t意為“不必”。如：Imustgonow.Youmustn’tforgetyourticket.Needwegorightnow?Youneedn’tdoitifyoudon’twantto.注意：haveto也有“必須”的含義，但側(cè)重客觀需求，有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，否定式是don’t/doesn’thaveto，意為“不必”，意思相當(dāng)于needn’t。如：Wewillhavetothinkofanewplan.Youdon’thavetorun.4can、could、may與might

表示許可（permission）。表示許可時(shí)，may多用于正式場(chǎng)合，could和might的語(yǔ)氣更委婉些。如：Youcanusemypenifyoulike.Studentsmaynotbringtheirpetstoschool.Could/MightIborrowyourbike?5can、could、may、might與must表示可能性（possibility）。may、might和could常用于肯定句，意為“可能”，must用于肯定句，意為“一定”；否定式may/mightnot意為“可能不”，can’t/couldn’t意為“不可能，肯定不”。如：Thatmay/might/couldbeagoodidea.Youmustbetiredafterthelongjourney.Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytopayforanewcar.Yourstorycan’t/couldn’tbetrue.注意：can表示可能性時(shí)，含有“有時(shí)會(huì)”的意思。如：Thetemperatureherecanbeashighas37℃insummer.6should與oughtto

表示義務(wù)（obligation）或建議（suggestion），意為“應(yīng)該”。如：Theyshould/oughttobuildmorelibraries.

注意：should與oughtto也可以表示主觀判斷，意思是“可能會(huì)，應(yīng)該會(huì)”，相當(dāng)于willprobably。如：Therainshould/oughttostopsoon.7will與would

1)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作（habit），will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣。如：Marywilllistentomusicforhoursinherroom.IwouldtakeawalkaftersupperwhenIwasyoung.

2)表示意愿（willingness）。如：Thebabywon’tgotosleep.3)表示請(qǐng)求（request），would比will更委婉些。如：

Wouldyougivemesomeadvice?注意：usedto也表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，多用于非正式場(chǎng)合，往往指后來(lái)停止了的動(dòng)作。否定形式是didn’tuseto或usednotto。如：Iusedtohaveabicycle,butIsoldit.Ididn’tusetohaveabicycle…Iusedn’ttohaveabicycle…Johndidn’tusetocomehere.DidMikeusetoreadnewspapers?Yes,hedid.UsedMiketoreadnewspapers?Yes,heused.8shall1)在疑問(wèn)句中，表示建議或征求意見(jiàn)。如：ShallI/hehelpyouwiththebox?2)表示承諾或要求,警告，威脅。如：Youshallhavethemagazine.HeshalldoasItellhim.Youshallloseyourjobifyoubreaktherules.3)用于正式文件、法律、規(guī)章制度等，表示規(guī)定。如：Studentsshallnotusecalculatorsduringexams.9dare與need

dare和need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。這兩個(gè)詞也可以用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如：Idarenotgotherealone.Ididn’tdaretosayaword.Nobodydaredtoaskanyquestions.Needwefinishtheworktoday?Youneedn’tworryaboutit.Youdon’tneedtocomeyourself.10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以與主動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式合用，表示某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：Jackmaybereadinginthelibrary.2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以與主動(dòng)詞的完成式合用，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Tommusthavearrivedhomebynow.Youcan’thaveseenHenryyesterdaybecausehewasinLondon.3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以與主動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式合用。如：Theroadmaybeblocked.Can,could,beabletoIwasabletoswimtothebankwhentheshipsank.Hecouldlifttheheavybox.Can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Can’thelpbutdosth.只好做某事Cannot(never)…toomuch/enough無(wú)論怎么…也不為過(guò)needn’tdosth=don’thavetodosth.Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？Hemaywell(完全可能，很可能)winthecompetition.Youmay/mightaswell（倒不如，不妨）emailhimthisafternoon.Thesnowoughtto/shouldstopsoon.(表示可能性)It’soddthatheshouldbewaitingforus.(表示不能理解，驚訝)Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.Marywilllistentomusicforhoursinherroom.WhenIwasyoung,Iwouldvisitmygrandparentseveryweekend.語(yǔ)法填空：1.Thoseflowersneed_____________________(water).2.Hecouldnotbut__________(admit)thathewastoblameforlosingthegame.3.Itmust___________(rain)lastnight,forthegroundiswet.4.Wecould__________(help)you,butweweretoobusy.5.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochild_______beallowedoutoftheschoolduringthedayunlessaccompaniedbyanadult.6.---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?---Iwantedto,butmymothersimply______notletmeoutsolateatnight.7.---Theroomisinamess.______wecleanit?---Ofcourse.watering/tobewateredadmithaverainedhavehelpedshallwouldShall8.Althoughyou______findbargainsinLondon,it’snotacheapplacetobuy.9.---Ihavepreparedeverythingforthepicnic?---DoyoumeanthatI________bringanything?10.Peterdidn’tfinishhisassignmentyesterdaybuthe____________becauseyesterdaywasthedeadline.canneedn’tshouldhave1.Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.(2020年天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)A.?must???B.?can????C.?need???D.?shouldB2.Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount_______usemobilephonesinhisclass.(2019年天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)A.shouldtheyB.theyshouldC.daretheyD.theydareA3.Ican’tfindmypurse.I________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI’mnotsure.(2018年天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)A.shouldleaveB.musthaveleftC.mightleaveD.couldhaveleftD4.In?today’s?information?age,?the?loss?of?data________cause

serious?problems?fora?company.(2018年北京卷單項(xiàng)填空)A.?need???????B.?should????????C.?can????????D.?mustC1.…askyourparentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyououghttoread.oughttomodalv.

usedwhenyouhavestrongreasonsforbelievingorexpectingsomething應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)oughtto表示義務(wù)、要求或勸告。egYouwereoutenjoyingyourselfwhenyououghttohavebeenstudying.Weoughttogetherapresentforherbirthday.Yououghttogotoclassrightaway.oughtto還可表示推測(cè)，暗含很大的可能性。egTheboylefttwohoursago,soheoughttobetherebynow.oughtto的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是oughtn’tto或oughtnotto。egYououghtn’t/oughtnottoleaveinsuchahurry.含oughtto的陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將ought放在句首。簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí)，to可以省略。eg—OughtItowaitforhimoutsidethegate?—Yes,youought(to)./No,yououghtn’t(to).注:oughtto與should的意思大致相同,都表示

“義務(wù)、要求或勸告”,只是oughtto比should的語(yǔ)氣稍重一些。2.Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.inparticular:especially/particularly尤其，特別eg我特別記住了他們之中的一位。Irememberoneoftheminparticular．我總的來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)小說(shuō)感興趣，尤其是對(duì)偵探

小說(shuō)感興趣。

Iaminterestedinstoriesingeneral,andin

detectivestoriesinparticular．Someteenagersareparticularabout/overfoodandclothes.

3.recommendsth.tosb.=recommendsb.sth.recommendsb.for推薦某人（某職位）recommendsb.as推薦某人為recommendsb.todosth.建議某人做某事recommenddoingsth.建議做某事recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.建議某人做某事recommendthatsth.(should)bedone建議某事被做ontherecommendationof根據(jù)…的建議followone’srecommendationAgoodfaceisaletterof____________.Theteacherrecommendedus___________(read)thisletter.recommendationtoread4.mean:吝嗇的，自私的，卑鄙的，刻薄的卑鄙的后媽讓灰姑娘做所有的家務(wù)。ThemeanstepmothermadeCinderelladoallthehousework.事實(shí)上你們總是對(duì)我們相當(dāng)刻薄。You'reactuallyprettymeantousmostofthetime.Imeanttohelpyou,butanunexpectedguestcametoseeme.Raisingwagesmeansincreasingpurchasingpower.

ImeantwhatIsaidtoyoujustnow.Youaremeanttohelphimoutoftrouble.

Youmustfinishthetaskontimebyallmeans.5.treat:v.治療;處理;以…態(tài)度對(duì)待;以…方式對(duì)待;把…看作;把…視為;討論;n.款待;樂(lè)事;樂(lè)趣;