后續(xù)課程文學賞析共享-week12-1sworthshelley

WilliamWordsworthPercyByssheShelleyWordsworthTomethemeanestflowerthatblowscangiveThoughtsthatdooftenlietoodeepfortears.我看一朵最平凡的花都有深刻的思想，深藏在連眼淚都達不到的地方From

Ode—IntimationsofImmortalityfromRecollectionsofEarlyChildhood飲酒（其五）—陶淵明結廬在人境，而無車馬喧。

問君何能爾？心遠地自偏。

采菊東籬下，悠然見南山。

山氣日夕佳，飛鳥相與還。

此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)Heisapoetofnatureandamasterhandinsearchingandrevealingthefeelingsofthecommonpeople.PoeticPrinciplesofWordsworthAllgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsfromemotionsrecollectedintranquility.

好的詩歌是詩人強烈情感的自然流露,是平靜中回憶起來的情感。(fromLyricalBallads,2nded.,1800)WilliamWordsworth’sPoetryAnEveningWalk《黃昏漫步》

(1793)LyricalBallads《抒情歌謠集》(1798):themanifesto(announcement)ofEnglishRomanticismLucyPoems《露西組詩》(SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays;TotheCuckoo杜鵑頌;IWanderedLonelyasaCloud;TheSolitaryReaper孤寂的刈麥人)OdeonIntimationsofImmorality《不朽頌》OdetoDuty《義務頌》TheExcursion《遠足》

(1814)

ThePrelude《序曲》

(1805):posthumouslyin1850;hisgreatestworkOde:anelaboratelyformallyricpoem,oftenintheformofalengthyceremoniousaddresstoapersonorabstractentity,alwaysseriousandelevatedintone.WiththepublicationofLyricalBalladsincollaborationwithColeridge,romanticismbegantobloomandfoundafirmplaceinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.TheLakePoetsSamuelTaylorColeridgeRobertSoutheyWordsworthandhiswifeIWanderedLonelyasaCloud

orDaffodils(1804)IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils:Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydances.vales:valleysflutter:moveupanddownorfromsidetosidetwinkle:shinefrombrighttofaintsprightly:cheerful,activeThewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOutdidthesparklingwavesinglee;Apoetcouldnotbutbegay;Insuchajocundcompany;Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.glee:delightjocund:merry,cheerfuloft:oftenvacant:thoughtlesspensive:sadlythoughtfulAnalysisThelaststanzadescribesthekindofrecollectionintranquilityfromwhichthispoemarose,twoyearsaftertheoriginalexperience,whichDorothyWordsworthdescribedinherGrasmereJournalsforApr.15,1802.此詩是根據(jù)詩人兄妹倆1802年一起外出游玩時深深地被大自然的嫵媚所吸引這一經(jīng)歷寫成的,該詩體現(xiàn)了詩歌應該描寫“平靜中回憶起來的情感”這一詩學主張。AnalysisTheme:Topraisethebeautifulgoldendaffodilsandexpressthepoet’saestheticview:hepursuesakindofsolitarybeauty.Rhymescheme:ababccRhythm:iambictetrameter(fourfeetineachline)Wordsworthpursuedakindofsolitarybeauty,havingnoworldlyworriesandburdens,whichisquitedifferentfromthebeautyinthecommonsense.寫作手法：由景及人。Stanza(1,2,3)景Stanza(4)人PositioninEnglishLiteratureTheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry;Avoiceofcomprehensivehumanity;apersoninspiringhisaudiencetoseetheworldfreshly,sympatheticallyandnaturally;AmanstartingmodernpoetryofthegrowinginnerselfandchangingthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingordinarylanguageandadvocatingareturntonature.Shelly(1792-1822)IntroductionShelly,oneoftheleadingRomanticpoets,isanintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.Hisworkreflectedtheradicalideasandrevolutionaryoptimismoftheera.FeaturesofShelley’sPoetryRichinmyth,symbolsandclassicalallusions,shortpoemsonnatureandlove.Strongdramaticpowerasshownintherapidityofhislines;Styleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresofspeech.1)TheNecessityofAtheism,《無神論的必然性》writtenwheninOxfordUniversity2)TheRevoltofIslam《伊斯蘭的反叛》3)PrometheusUnbound,《解放了的普羅米修斯》4)“OdetotheWestWind”,“西風頌”5)ADefenceofPoetry,《詩辯》SomeLiteraryWorksPrometheusUnboundPrometheusUnboundShelley’sgreatestachievementAfour-actlyricaldramaPlotborrowedfromtheGreekmythology,PrometheusBound:Prometheus,thechampion(supporter)ofhumanity,whohasstolenthefirefromHeaven,ispunishedbyZeustobechainedonMountCaucasus&sufferstheeagle’sfeedingonhisliver.Prometheusfinallyreconcileswiththetyrant['ta??r?nt]Zeus.HisPositioninEnglishHistoryOneoftheleadingromanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.Asfarashislyricpoemsareconcerned,heisregardedasoneofthegreatestofallEnglishpoets.HewasthefirstpoetinEuropewhosangfortheworkingclass.OdetotheWestWindWrittenintheAutumn,1819,andpublishedinthefollowingyear,thispoemhaseoneofthemostpopularandbest-knownofShelley’sverses.Thisisbestofallthewell-knownlyricpiecesbyShelley.ⅠOwildWestWind,thoubreathofAutumn’sbeing,

Thou,fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead

Aredriven,likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,

哦，狂暴的西風，秋之生命的呼吸！你無形，但枯死的落葉被你橫掃，有如鬼魅碰到了巫師，紛紛逃避：

Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,

Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:Othou,

Whochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed

黃的，黑的，灰的，紅得像患肺癆，呵，重染疫癘的一群：西風呵，是你以車駕把有翼的種子催送到黑暗的冬床上，ⅠThewingedseeds,wheretheyliecoldandlow,

Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave,until

Thineazure['???]

sisteroftheSpringshallblow

它們就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低賤，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起

Herclariono’erthedreamingearth,andfill

(Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair)

Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill:

她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上響遍，（喚出嫩芽，像羊群一樣，覓食空中）將色和香充滿了山峰和平原。WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;

Destroyerandpreserver;hear,Ohear!不羈的精靈呵，你無處不遠行；破壞者兼保護者：聽吧，你且聆聽！StanzaIThewestwindislikeahuman.Itdrivesdeadleavesawayasiftheywereghostsfleeingfromawizard.Theleavesareyellowandblack,paleandred,asiftheyhaddiedofaninfectiousdisease.Thewestwindcarriesseedsinitschariotanddepositsthemintheearth,wheretheylieuntilthespringwindawakensthembyblowingonatrumpet(clarion).Whentheyformbuds,thespringwindspreadsthemoverplainsandonhills.Inaparadox,thepoetaddressesthewestwindasadestroyerandapreserver,thenasksittolistentowhathesays.ⅡThouonwhosestream,’midthesteepsky’scommotion,

Loosecloudslikeearth’sdecayingleavesareshed,

ShookfromthetangledboughsofHeavenandOcean,

沒入你的急流，當高空一片混亂，流云象大地的枯葉一樣被撕扯脫離天空和海洋的糾纏的枝干。

Angelsofrainandlightning:therearespread

Onthebluesurfaceofthineairysurge(wave),

Likethebrighthairupliftedfromthehead

成為雨和電的使者：它們飄落在你的磅礴之氣的蔚藍的波面，有如狂女的飄揚的頭發(fā)在閃爍，ⅡOfsomefierceMaenad['m??n?d],evenfromthedimverge

Ofthehorizontothezenith’sheight

Thelocksoftheapproachingstorm.Thoudirge[d??d?]

從天穹的最遙遠而模糊的邊沿直抵九霄的中天，到處都在搖曳欲來雷雨的卷發(fā)，對瀕死的一年Ofthedyingyear,towhichthisclosingnight

Willbethedomeofavastsepulchre['sep?lk?](tomb),

Vaulted(risingup)withallthycongregatedmight

你唱出了葬歌，而這密集的黑夜將成為它廣大墓陵的一座圓頂，里面正有你的萬鈞之力的凝結；Ofvapours,fromwhosesolidatmosphere

Blackrain,andfire,andhailwillburst:Ohear!那是你的渾然之氣，從它會迸涌黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你聽！ⅢThouwhodidstwakenfromhissummerdreams

TheblueMediterranean,wherehelay,

Lulled(equiet)bythecoil(circle)ofhiscrystallinestreams,

是你，你將藍色的地中海喚醒，而它曾經(jīng)昏睡了一整個夏天，被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入夢，Besideapumice['p?m?s]isleinBaiae’sbay,AndsawinsleepoldpalacesandtowersQuiveringwithinthewave’sintenserday,就在巴亞海灣的一個浮石島邊，它夢見了古老的宮殿和樓閣在水天輝映的波影里抖顫，

ⅢAllovergrownwithazuremossandflowers

Sosweet,thesensefaintspicturingthem!Thou

ForwhosepaththeAtlantic'slevelpowers

而且都生滿青苔、開滿花朵，那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，為了給你讓一條路，大西洋的水面翻起巨浪Cleavethemselvesintochasms['k?z?m],whilefarbelow

Thesea-bloomsandtheoozywoodswhichwear

Thesaplessfoliage(plants)oftheocean,know

把自己向兩邊劈開，而深在淵底那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林雖然枝葉扶疏，卻沒有精力；

Thyvoice,andsuddenlygrowgreywithfear,

Andtrembleanddespoilthemselves:Ohear!聽到你的聲音，它們已嚇得發(fā)青：一邊顫栗，一邊自動萎縮：哦，你聽！

StanzasII&IIITheleafimageisextendedhere.Thesky'scloudsinthesecondstanzaarelike"earth'sdecayingleaves"and"Angelsofrainandlightning".Inthethirdstanza,thewindpenetratestotheAtlantic'sdepthsandcausestheseaflowersand"oozywoods"to"despoilthemselves",thatis,toshedthe"saplessfoliageoftheocean."ⅣIfIwereadeadleafthoumightestbear;

IfIwereaswiftcloudtoflywiththee;

Awavetopantbeneaththypower,andshare

哎，假如我是一片枯葉被你浮起，假如我是能和你飛跑的云霧，是一個波浪，和你的威力同喘息，

Theimpulseofthystrength,onlylessfree

Thanthou,Ouncontrollable!Ifeven

Iwereasinmyboyhood,andcouldbe

假如我分有你的脈搏，僅僅不如你那么自由，哦，無法約束的生命！假如我能像在少年時，凌風而舞

ⅣThecomradeofthywanderingsoverheaven,

Asthen,whentooutstriptheskieyspeed

Scarceseemedavision;Iwouldne'erhavestriven

便成了你的伴侶，悠游天空（因為呵，那時候，要想追你上云霄，似乎并非夢幻），我就不致像如今Asthuswiththeeinprayerinmysore[s??]need.

Oh!liftmeasawave,aleaf,acloud!

Ifalluponthethornsoflife!Ibleed!

這樣焦躁地要和你爭相祈禱。哦，舉起我吧，當我是水波、樹葉、浮云！我跌在生活底荊棘上，我流血了！Aheavyweightofhourshaschainedandbowed

Onetoolikethee:tameless,andswift,andproud.

這被歲月的重軛所制服的生命原是和你一樣：驕傲、輕捷而不馴。StanzaIVThespeakeridentifieshimselfwiththeleavesofthefirstthreestanzas:"deadleaf,""swiftcloud,"and"wave."Ifthewindcanliftthesethingsintoflight,whycanitnotalsoliftShelley"asawave,aleaf,acloud"?ⅤMakemethylyre,evenastheforestis:

Whatifmyleavesarefallinglikeitsown!

Thetumult['tu?m?lt]ofthymightyharmonies

Willtakefrombothadeep,autumnaltone,

Sweetthoughinsadness.Bethou,spiritfierce,

Myspirit!Bethoume,impetuous[?m'pet???s]one!

把我當作你的豎琴吧，有如樹林：盡管我的葉落了，那有什么關系！你巨大的合奏所振起的音樂將染有樹林和我的深邃的秋意：雖憂傷而甜蜜。呵，但愿你給予我狂暴的精神！奮勇者呵，讓我們合一?、鮀rivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverse

Likewitheredleavestoquickenanewbirth;

And,bytheincantationofthisverse,

請把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，讓它像枯葉一樣促成新的生命！哦，請聽從這一篇符咒似的詩歌，Scatter,asfromanunextinguishedhearth[/hɑ?θ]

Ashesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!

Bethroughmylipstounawakenedearth

就把我的話語，像是灰燼和火星從還未熄滅的爐火向人間播散！讓預言的喇叭通過我的嘴唇

Thetrumpetofaprophecy!O,Wind,

IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

把昏睡的大地喚醒吧！西風啊，如果冬天來了,春天還會遠嗎?Thepoetasksthewindtoscatterhiswordsaroundtheworld,asiftheywereashesfromaburningfire.Totheunawakeearth,theywilleblasts(疾風)fromatrumpetofpr