計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(第3版)課件

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）卜艷萍主編電子工業(yè)出版社2009年1/4/20231計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）卜艷萍主編12/29/20221計(jì)算內(nèi)容簡介

本書共分6個(gè)單元，第1單元介紹計(jì)算機(jī)硬件基礎(chǔ)，分別講述處理器、存儲器和輸入/輸出技術(shù)。第2單元是計(jì)算機(jī)軟件知識部分，內(nèi)容有C語言、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、操作系統(tǒng)、編譯原理及數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)。第3單元是多媒體及應(yīng)用方面的知識，包括多媒體、圖形圖像、CAD、計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)畫和多媒體應(yīng)用軟件。第4單元是計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相關(guān)知識介紹，包括計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索引擎、無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。第5單元講述電子商務(wù)方面的內(nèi)容，有電子商務(wù)基礎(chǔ)、EDI和網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告。第6單元是計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域新技術(shù)介紹，包括人工智能、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

1/4/20232計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）內(nèi)容簡介本書共分6個(gè)單元，第1單元介紹計(jì)Unit1HardwareBasics1.1CentralProcessingUnit1.2Memory1.3Input/OutputSystems1/4/20233計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Unit1HardwareBasics1.1CBlockdiagramofadigitalcomputer

數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)的方框圖處理器單元中央處理單元輸入/輸出處理器輸入設(shè)備輸出設(shè)備1/4/20234計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Blockdiagramofadigitalcom1.1CentralProcessingUnit

中央處理器TheCPUistheheartofthecomputersystem.Itisresponsibleforperformingallarithmeticoperationsandlogicdecisionsinitiatedbytheprogram.中央處理器是計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的心臟。它負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)現(xiàn)由程序啟動(dòng)的全部算術(shù)運(yùn)算和邏輯判斷。TheCPUcoordinatesalltheactivitiesofthevariouscomponentsofthecomputer.Itdetermineswhichoperationsshouldbecarriedoutandinwhatistheorder.中央處理器協(xié)調(diào)計(jì)算機(jī)各個(gè)部件的所有活動(dòng)。它確定應(yīng)該以什么順序執(zhí)行哪些操作。1/4/20235計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）1.1CentralProcessingUnit

Notes

[1]AlthoughmostCPUchipsaresmallerthanalensofapairofglasses,theelectroniccomponentstheycontainwouldhavefilledaroomafewdecadesago.本句由“Although”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，“theelectroniccomponents”作主語。譯文：雖然大多數(shù)CPU芯片比一塊眼鏡片還小，但所包含的電子元件在幾十年前卻要裝滿一個(gè)房間。1/4/20236計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[1]AlthoughmostCPUchNotes

[2]Theprogram,whichtellsthecomputerswhattodoandthedata,whichprovidetheinformationneededtosolvetheproblem,arekeptinsidethecomputerinaplacecalledmemory.這里的主語是“theprogramandthedata”，由which引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)定語從句分別修飾theprogram和thedata。譯文：程序的作用是指示計(jì)算機(jī)如何工作，而數(shù)據(jù)則是為解決問題提供的所需要的信息，兩者都存儲在存儲器里。1/4/20237計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[2]Theprogram,whichtThreebasiccapabilitiesofcomputers

計(jì)算機(jī)的三個(gè)基本性能First,computershavecircuitsforperformingarithmeticoperations,suchas:addition,subtraction,multiplication,divisionandexponentiation.第一，計(jì)算機(jī)具有進(jìn)行加、減、乘、除及求冪等各種算術(shù)運(yùn)算的電路。Second,computershaveameansofcommunicatingwiththeuser.第二，計(jì)算機(jī)具有與用戶通信和功能。Third,computershavecircuitswhichcanmakedecisions.第三，計(jì)算機(jī)具有進(jìn)行判定的電路。1/4/20238計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ThreebasiccapabilitiesofcoThecontrolunit（控制單元

）Thecontrolunitisthefunctionalunitthatisresponsibleforsupervisingtheoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.

控制單元是負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督整個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)操作的功能部件。Thecontrolunitfetchesinstructionsfrommemoryanddeterminestheirtypeordecodesthem.控制單元從存儲器中取出指令，并確定其類型或?qū)χM(jìn)行譯碼。Itthenbreakseachinstructionintoaseriesofsimplesmallstepsoractions.然后將每條指令分解成一系列簡單的、很小的步驟或動(dòng)作。Bydoingthis,itcontrolsthestep-by-stepoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.

這樣，就可以控制整個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)一步一步地操作。1/4/20239計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Thecontrolunit（控制單元）ThecNotes

[3]TheArithmetic/LogicUnit(ALU)isthefunctionalunitthatprovidesthecomputerwithlogicalandcomputationalcapabilities.本句由“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾“thefunctionalunit”。譯文：算術(shù)邏輯單元（ALU）是為計(jì)算機(jī)提供邏輯及計(jì)算能力的功能部件。1/4/202310計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[3]TheArithmetic/LogTheArithmetic/LogicUnit

算術(shù)/邏輯單元

DataarebroughtintotheALUbythecontrolunit,andtheALUperformswhateverarithmeticorlogicoperationsarerequiredtohelpcarryingouttheinstructions.控制單元將數(shù)據(jù)送到算術(shù)邏輯單元中,然后由算術(shù)邏輯單元完成執(zhí)行指令所需要的算術(shù)或邏輯運(yùn)算。Arithmeticoperationsincludeadding,subtracting,multiplying,anddividing.算術(shù)運(yùn)算包括加、減、乘、除。Logicoperationsmakeacomparisonandtakeactionbasedontheresults.邏輯運(yùn)算完成比較，并根據(jù)結(jié)果采取行動(dòng)。1/4/202311計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TheArithmetic/LogicUnit

算術(shù)Registers（寄存器）Aregisterisastoragelocationinsidetheprocessor.寄存器是處理器內(nèi)部的存儲單元。RegistersintheCPUareusedtostorethecurrentinstruction,thelocationofthenextinstructiontobeexecuted,andtheoperands.CPU中的寄存器用來存儲當(dāng)前指令，下一條將執(zhí)行的指令的地址以及操作數(shù)。1/4/202312計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Registers（寄存器）AregisterisaInstruction

（指令）Aninstructionismadeupofoperationsthatspecifythefunctiontobeperformedandoperandsthatrepresentthedatatobeoperatedon.指令由操作碼和操作數(shù)組成，操作碼指明要完成的操作功能，而操作數(shù)則表示操作的對象。Whentheoperandsarestoredinthecomputer’smemory,theyhaveanaddresstoindicatewheretheyare.當(dāng)操作數(shù)存儲在計(jì)算機(jī)的存儲器中時(shí)，則應(yīng)有指明其位置的地址。OperationcodeOperandADD1000,10051/4/202313計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Instruction（指令）AninstructionNotes

[4]Forexample,ifaninstructionistoperformtheoperationofaddingtwonumbers,itmustknowwhatthetwonumbersareandwherethetwonumbersare.這里的“whatthetwonumbersareandwherethetwonumbersare”作賓語，它由兩個(gè)并列的從句組成。譯文：例如，一條指令要完成兩數(shù)相加的操作，它就必須知道：這兩個(gè)數(shù)是什么？這兩個(gè)數(shù)在哪兒？1/4/202314計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[4]Forexample,ifaniThestepsofexecutingeachinstruction

執(zhí)行每一條指令的步驟Fetchthenextinstructionfrommemoryintotheinstructionregister.從存儲器取出一條指令，送入指令寄存器。Changetheprogramcountertopointtothefollowinginstruction.修改程序計(jì)數(shù)器以指向下一條指令。Determinethetypeofinstructionjustfetched.確定剛?cè)〕鲋噶畹念愋?。Iftheinstructionusesdatainmemory,determinewheretheyare.如果指令使用存儲器中的數(shù)據(jù)，則須確定它們的地址。FetchthedataintointernalCPUregisters.取出指令并送到CPU內(nèi)部寄存器。Executetheinstruction.執(zhí)行指令。Storetheresultsintheproperplace.將結(jié)果存儲到適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?。Gotostep1tobeginexecutingthefollowinginstruction.返回到第一步，開始執(zhí)行下一條指令。1/4/202315計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ThestepsofexecutingeachinNotes

[5]Atimercalledaclockreleasespreciselytimedelectricalsignalsthatprovidearegularpulsefortheprocessor’swork.本句中的“thatprovidearegularpulsefortheprocessor’swork”修飾electricalsignals。譯文：一個(gè)稱做時(shí)鐘的計(jì)時(shí)器準(zhǔn)確地發(fā)出定時(shí)電信號，該信號為處理器工作提供有規(guī)律的脈沖信號。1/4/202316計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[5]AtimercalledacloKeyWords

address地址，尋址analogous類似的，相似的arithmetic算術(shù)的auxiliary輔助的，補(bǔ)充的awesome驚人的，令人敬畏的capability性能，能力decode解碼，譯碼distinguish區(qū)別，辨別exponentiation冪運(yùn)算fetch獲取，取得fraction小部分initiate開始，啟發(fā)，提議，創(chuàng)始instantaneously瞬間地，即時(shí)地instruction指令1/4/202317計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）KeyWordsaddressKeyWords

keyboard鍵盤mainframe大型機(jī)manipulation操作，處理microelectronic微電子的operand操作數(shù)originality創(chuàng)意，創(chuàng)造力retrieve恢復(fù)remarkable顯著的，不平常的sequence順序，序列silicon硅transistor晶體管1/4/202318計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）KeyWordskeyboardTranslationExercises集成電路取指—譯碼—執(zhí)行算術(shù)邏輯運(yùn)算微電子技術(shù)數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)輔助存儲器工作區(qū)邏輯決策1.integratedcircuit２.fetch-decode-execute３.ArithmeticLogicalOperations４.microelectronictechniques５.digitalcomputersystem６.auxiliarystorage７.workspace８.logicdecision1/4/202319計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TranslationExercises集成電路TranslationExercisesCentralProcessingUnitfunctionalunitcurrentinstructioninstructionregisterprogramcounterelectroniccomponentsinputinformationandcommandsArithmetic/LogicUnit中央處理器功能單元當(dāng)前指令指令寄存器程序計(jì)數(shù)器電子元件輸入信息和指令算術(shù)邏輯單元1/4/202320計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TranslationExercisesCentralPReadingMaterial:

——Microprocessor（微處理器）Microcomputer,ormicroforshort,isakindofcomputers.Itwasbornintheearly1970s.微型計(jì)算機(jī)或簡稱微機(jī)是計(jì)算機(jī)的一種。它誕生于20世紀(jì)70年代初期。Themicroprocessorisbuiltasasinglesemiconductordevice;微處理器是單片半導(dǎo)體裝置；Thatis,thethousandsofindividualcircuitelementsnecessarytoperformallthelogicalandarithmeticfunctionsofacomputeraremanufacturedasasinglechip.也就是說，實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)所有邏輯和算術(shù)功能所必不可少的成千上萬個(gè)分立的電路元件都制造在一塊芯片上。1/4/202321計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——MicroproceReadingMaterial:

——MicroprocessorComputerprogramstellthemicroprocessorwhattodo,whichishoweverythingworksinsideaPC.Othertermsforthemicroprocessorincludetheprocessor;thecentralprocessingunit（CPU）;andthenumberofthemicroprocessor,suchas8088,80286,80386,80486,andsoon.1/4/202322計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——Microproce1.2MemoryAsystematicarrangementofmemorycellsconstitutesamemory.Twobasictypesofsemiconductormemoryareconsidered.ThefirstistheRandomAccessMemory(RAM),aread-writememory,inwhicheachindividualcellcanbeaddressedatanyparticulartime.AsecondclassofsemiconductormemoryistheRead-OnlyMemory(ROM).Thesetofdatainthistypeofmemoryisgenerallyconsideredtobefixed.1/4/202323計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）1.2MemoryAsystematicarrangSRAMandDRAMTwotypeofRAMarethestaticRAM(SRAM)anddynamicRAM(DRAM).AstaticRAMconsistsofabasicbi-stableflip-flopcircuitthatneedsonlyadccurrentorvoltageappliedtoretainitsmemory.AdynamicRAMisanMOSmemorythatstoresonebitofinformationaschargeonacapacitor.1/4/202324計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）SRAMandDRAMTwotypeofRAMaTypesofROM

Thefirstisprogrammedeitherbythemanufacturer(maskprogrammable)orbytheuser(programmable,orPROM).OncetheROMhasbeenprogrammedbyeithermethod,thedatainthememoryarefixedandcannotbealtered.ThesecondtypeofROMmaybereferredtoasanalterableROMinthatthedataintheROMmaybereprogrammedifdesired.ThistypeofROMmaybecalledanEPROM(erasableprogrammableROM),EEPROM(electricallyerasablePROM),orflashmemory.1/4/202325計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TypesofROMThefirstisprogBasicmemoryarchitecture

1/4/202326計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Basicmemoryarchitecture12/2MemoryContentsMemoriesconsistofanumberofcells,eachofwhichcanstoreapieceofinformation.Computermemoryismeasuredinkilobytesormegabytesofinformation.Abyteistheamountofstorageneededtoholdonecharacter,suchasaletteroranumericdigit.Onekilobyte(KB)equals1024bytes,andonemegabyte(MB)isabout1millionbytes.SoftwarerequiresthecorrectamountofRAMtoworkproperly.1/4/202327計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）MemoryContentsMemoriesconsisMemoryAddress

Computersthatusethebinarynumbersystemalsoexpressmemoryaddressesasbinarynumbers.Ifanaddresshasmbits,themaximumnumberofcellsdirectlyaddressableis2m.1/4/202328計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）MemoryAddressComputersthatKeyWordsadjacent鄰近的，接近的allocate分配，分派capacitor電容configuration結(jié)構(gòu)consecutive連續(xù)的，連貫的etch蝕刻hexadecimal十六進(jìn)制的implicit暗示的，絕對的individual個(gè)別的，獨(dú)特的kilobyte千字節(jié)megabyte兆字節(jié)1/4/202329計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）KeyWordsadjacentKeyWordsmillisecond毫秒non-metallic非金屬的nonvolatile非易失性的octal八進(jìn)制的organization組織programmable可編程的semiconductor半導(dǎo)體significance重要性，意義stable穩(wěn)定的standardize標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化virtually事實(shí)上1/4/202330計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）KeyWordsmillisecondNotes

[1]Thenumberofbitsintheaddressisrelatedtothemaximumnumberofdirectlyaddressablecellsinthememoryandisindependentofthenumberofbitspercell.本句中，ofdirectlyaddressablecellsinthememory修飾themaximumnumber。譯文：地址的位數(shù)與存儲器可直接尋址的最大單元數(shù)量有關(guān)，而與每個(gè)單元的位數(shù)無關(guān)。1/4/202331計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[1]ThenumberofbitsiNotes

[2]Thusa16-bitwords,whereasa32-bitmachinewillhave32-bitregistersandinstructionsformoving,adding,subtracting,andotherwisemanipulating32-bitwords.Thusa16-bitwords是一個(gè)省略句，這里的whereas作“而”講。譯文：因而16位機(jī)器具有16位的寄存器和指令以實(shí)現(xiàn)16位字的操作；32位機(jī)器則有32位的寄存器和指令，以實(shí)現(xiàn)傳送、加法、減法和其它他32位字的操作。1/4/202332計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[2]Thusa16-bitwords,Notes

[3]Thiswastheabilitytoetchthousandsofintegratedcircuitsontoatinypiece(chip)ofsilicon,whichisanon-metallicelementwithsemiconductorcharacteristics.由which引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語從句，用來修飾silicon。譯文：這就是將成千上萬個(gè)集成電路蝕刻在一小塊硅（芯）片上的能力。硅片是具有半導(dǎo)體特性的非金屬元件。1/4/202333計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[3]ThiswastheabilityNotes

[4]Toaccessexpandedmemory,aprogramneedstocommunicatewiththeEMM.本句中的“Toaccessexpandedmemory”作目的狀語。譯文：為了訪問擴(kuò)展存儲器，程序需要與EMM聯(lián)系。1/4/202334計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[4]ToaccessexpandedmNotes

[5]Whenaprogramallocatesexpandedmemorypages,theEMMreturnsahandletotherequestingprogram.本句中，由“when”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。譯文：當(dāng)一個(gè)程序裝入擴(kuò)展存儲器頁中時(shí)，EMM就將一個(gè)標(biāo)志回復(fù)給這個(gè)請求程序。1/4/202335計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[5]WhenaprogramallocTranslationExercises易失性存儲器volatilememory外圍電路peripheralcircuit實(shí)模式therealmode尋址能力addressability閃存flashmemory刷新電路refreshcircuitry只讀存儲器ReadOnlyMemory隨機(jī)存取存儲器RandomAccessMemory1/4/202336計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TranslationExercises易失性存儲器TranslationExercisesperiodicrefresh定期刷新softwareinterrupt軟件中斷binarynumber二進(jìn)制數(shù)字electricallyerasablePROM電可擦除可編程的只讀存儲器expandedmemory擴(kuò)展存儲器erasableprogrammableROM可擦除可編程的只讀存儲器refreshcycle刷新周期logicalpage邏輯頁面1/4/202337計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TranslationExercisesperiodicReadingMaterial:

——CacheandMagneticDisks

Avarietyofdifferenttypesofcache（diskcache,memorycache,processorcache）canimproveoverallsystemperformance.Acachecanbeoptionallyimplementedonalmostanysystem.Cachecontrollershavebeenusedonmainframecomputersystemsformanyyears;theirmigrationtothemicrocouldbeseenasalogicalnextstep.1/4/202338計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——CacheandReadingMaterial:

——CacheandMagneticDisksTherearetwomajortypesofmagneticdisks:floppydisksandharddisks.Bothtypesofdisksrelyonarotatingplattercoatedwithamagneticsurfaceanduseamoveableread/writeheadtoaccessthedisk.Diskstorageisnonvolatile,meaningthatthedataremainsevenwhenpowerisremoved.1/4/202339計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——CacheandReadingMaterial:

——CacheandMagneticDisksToaccessdata,theoperatingsystemmustdirectthediskthroughathree-stageprocess.Thefirststepistopositionthearmoverthepropertrack.Thisoperationiscalledaseek,andthetimetomovethearmtothedesiredtrackiscalledseektime.Oncetheheadhasreachedthecorrecttrack,wemustwaitforthedesiredsectortorotateundertheread/writehead.Thistimeiscalledtherotationlatencyorrotationaldelay.Thelastcomponentofadiskaccess,transfertime,isthetimetotransferablockofbits,typicallyasector.1/4/202340計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——Cacheand1.3Input/OutputSystemsYoucanuseyourkeyboardformanypurposes:TypinginformationEnteringnumberswiththenumerickeypadRequestingspecificfunctionsPerformingsystemfunctionswithkeycombinationsMovingaroundthecomputerscreen1/4/202341計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）1.3Input/OutputSystemsYMonitor

Computersonlyusemonitorstoshowyouexcitingoperationresultsormarvelousandvividpictures.Monitorsalsoarethebestwindowsforconversationbetweenusersandcomputers.1/4/202342計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）MonitorComputersonlyusemonParametersofMonitorsElementDistanceVideoBandwidthSolutionScanStyle1/4/202343計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ParametersofMonitorsElementMouse

Theinterfacebetweenamouseandasystemcantakeoneoftwoforms:themouseeithergeneratesaseriesofpulseswhenitismoved,oritincrementsanddecrementscounters.Mostmicealsoincludeoneormorebuttons,andthesystemmustbeabletodetectwhenabuttonisdepressed.1/4/202344計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）MouseTheinterfacebetweenaOpticalDisks

Anopticaldiskisadiskonwhichdataareencodedforretrievalbyalaser.Opticaldisksofferinformationdensitiesfarbeyondtherangeofcurrentmagneticmass-storagedevices.Currently,threeversionsofopticaldisktechnologyarecompetingforthemass-storagemarket,theyareread-onlyopticaldisks,write-onceopticaldisks,anderasableopticaldisks.1/4/202345計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）OpticalDisksAnopticaldiskBus

Abusisasharedcommunicationlink,whichusesonesetofwirestoconnectmultiplesubsystems.Thetwomajoradvantagesofthebusorganizationareversatilityandlowcost.Abusgenerallycontainsasetofcontrollinesandasetofdatalines.Thecontrollinesareusedtosignalrequestsandacknowledgments,andtoindicatewhattypeofinformationisonthedatalines.Thedatalinesofthebuscarryinformationbetweenthesourceandthedestination.1/4/202346計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）BusAbusisasharedcommunicKeyWordsacknowledgement承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)豣andwidth帶寬blank空白的cursor光標(biāo)documentation文檔，文件interface接口，界面latency潛伏，潛在layout布局，分布marvelous令人驚異的，了不起的minimize最小化mouse鼠標(biāo)non-interlace非隔行1/4/202347計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）KeyWordsacknowledgementKeyWordsoptical光學(xué)的parameter參數(shù)periodically定期地punctuation標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號responsive響應(yīng)，應(yīng)答的reusability可重復(fù)使用的solution分辨率spacebar空格鍵streamline流線，流線型subsystem子系統(tǒng)sustain承受，支持typewriter打字機(jī)video視頻1/4/202348計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）KeyWordsopticalNotes[1]Ininterlacestyle,electron-beamsweepselementsinoddrowsfirsttimeanddoeselementsinevenrowssecondtime.本句中的electron-beam譯作電子射槍，elements譯作像素。譯文：在隔行方式中，電子射槍首先掃描奇數(shù)項(xiàng)中的像素，第二次再掃描偶數(shù)項(xiàng)中的像素。1/4/202349計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[1]Ininterlacestyle,eNotes[2]Bymonitoringthestatusofthebutton,thesystemcanalsodifferentiatebetweenclickingthebuttonandholdingitdown.本句中的“Bymonitoringthestatusofthebutton”是分詞短語作狀語。譯文：依靠對按鈕狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測，系統(tǒng)也就能區(qū)分單擊按鍵與按著按鍵拖曳之間的差別。1/4/202350計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[2]BymonitoringthestaNotes[3]Similarly,softwareinterpretationofthemousepositionmeansthatthecursordoesn’tjumpcompletelyoffthescreenwhenthemouseismovedalongdistanceinonedirection.本句中，“when”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。譯文：同樣，用軟件描述鼠標(biāo)位置，也意味著當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)沿一個(gè)方向長距離移動(dòng)時(shí)，光標(biāo)不會(huì)完全跳離出屏幕。1/4/202351計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[3]Similarly,softwareiNotes[4]Towritedata,apowerfulbeamoflaserlightburnstinyspotsorpitsintothecoatingthatcoversthesurfaceofthesedisks.本句中的“Towritedata”作目的狀語，“thatcoversthesurfaceofthesedisks”是定語從句，修飾“thecoating”。譯文：為了寫入數(shù)據(jù)，激光的強(qiáng)大光束將覆蓋在光盤的表層并燒結(jié)出小斑點(diǎn)或凹點(diǎn)。1/4/202352計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[4]Towritedata,apoweNotes[5]Onereasonbusdesignissodifficultisthatthemaximumbusspeedislargelylimitedbyphysicalfactors:thelengthofthebusandthenumberofdevices.本句中的“busdesignissodifficult”是定語，修飾“reason”，“thatthemaximumbus…”是表語從句。譯文：總線設(shè)計(jì)如此困難的一個(gè)原因是，總線的速度很大程度上受物理因素限制：總線長度和設(shè)備數(shù)量。1/4/202353計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[5]OnereasonbusdesignTranslationExercises通信瓶頸communicationbottleneck總線協(xié)議busprotocol像素距離elementdistance只讀光盤readonlyopticaldisk電子槍electrongun輸出設(shè)備outputdevice水平方向horizentaldirection總線帶寬busbandwidth1/4/202354計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TranslationExercises通信瓶頸TranslationExercisesnumerickeypad數(shù)字鍵盤electron-beam電子束typematiceffect自動(dòng)復(fù)擊效應(yīng)scanstyle掃描類型datatransferrate數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率sourceandthedestination源和目的magneticpolarity磁性disksector磁盤扇區(qū)1/4/202355計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TranslationExercisesnumerickReadingMaterial:

——HowMP3FilesWork？

TheMP3formatisacompressionsystemformusic.TheMP3formathelpsreducethenumberofbytesinasongwithouthurtingthequalityofthesong’ssound.ThegoaloftheMP3formatistocompressaCD-qualitysongbyafactorof10to14withoutnoticeablyaffectingtheCD-qualitysound.WithMP3,a32-megabytesongonaCDcompressesdowntoabout3MB.1/4/202356計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——HowMP3FReadingMaterial:

——HowMP3FilesWork？

theMP3formatusescharacteristicsofthehumaneartodesignthecompressionalgorithm.Therearecertainsoundsthatthehumanearcannothear.Therearecertainsoundsthatthehumanearhearsmuchbetterthanothers.Iftherearetwosoundsplayingsimultaneously,wehearthelouderonebutcannothearthesofterone.1/4/202357計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——HowMP3FReadingMaterial:

——HowMP3FilesWork？

ThereareliterallythousandsofsitesontheWebwhereyoucandownloadMP3files.Gotooneofthesesites,findasonganddownloadittoyourharddisk.Mostsongsrangebetween2and4MB,soitwilltake10to15minutesunlessyouhaveahigh-speedInternetconnection.1/4/202358計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ReadingMaterial:

——HowMP3F計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）卜艷萍主編電子工業(yè)出版社2009年1/4/202359計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）卜艷萍主編12/29/20221計(jì)算內(nèi)容簡介

本書共分6個(gè)單元，第1單元介紹計(jì)算機(jī)硬件基礎(chǔ)，分別講述處理器、存儲器和輸入/輸出技術(shù)。第2單元是計(jì)算機(jī)軟件知識部分，內(nèi)容有C語言、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、操作系統(tǒng)、編譯原理及數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)。第3單元是多媒體及應(yīng)用方面的知識，包括多媒體、圖形圖像、CAD、計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)畫和多媒體應(yīng)用軟件。第4單元是計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相關(guān)知識介紹，包括計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索引擎、無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。第5單元講述電子商務(wù)方面的內(nèi)容，有電子商務(wù)基礎(chǔ)、EDI和網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告。第6單元是計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域新技術(shù)介紹，包括人工智能、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

1/4/202360計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）內(nèi)容簡介本書共分6個(gè)單元，第1單元介紹計(jì)Unit1HardwareBasics1.1CentralProcessingUnit1.2Memory1.3Input/OutputSystems1/4/202361計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Unit1HardwareBasics1.1CBlockdiagramofadigitalcomputer

數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)的方框圖處理器單元中央處理單元輸入/輸出處理器輸入設(shè)備輸出設(shè)備1/4/202362計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Blockdiagramofadigitalcom1.1CentralProcessingUnit

中央處理器TheCPUistheheartofthecomputersystem.Itisresponsibleforperformingallarithmeticoperationsandlogicdecisionsinitiatedbytheprogram.中央處理器是計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的心臟。它負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)現(xiàn)由程序啟動(dòng)的全部算術(shù)運(yùn)算和邏輯判斷。TheCPUcoordinatesalltheactivitiesofthevariouscomponentsofthecomputer.Itdetermineswhichoperationsshouldbecarriedoutandinwhatistheorder.中央處理器協(xié)調(diào)計(jì)算機(jī)各個(gè)部件的所有活動(dòng)。它確定應(yīng)該以什么順序執(zhí)行哪些操作。1/4/202363計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）1.1CentralProcessingUnit

Notes

[1]AlthoughmostCPUchipsaresmallerthanalensofapairofglasses,theelectroniccomponentstheycontainwouldhavefilledaroomafewdecadesago.本句由“Although”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，“theelectroniccomponents”作主語。譯文：雖然大多數(shù)CPU芯片比一塊眼鏡片還小，但所包含的電子元件在幾十年前卻要裝滿一個(gè)房間。1/4/202364計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[1]AlthoughmostCPUchNotes

[2]Theprogram,whichtellsthecomputerswhattodoandthedata,whichprovidetheinformationneededtosolvetheproblem,arekeptinsidethecomputerinaplacecalledmemory.這里的主語是“theprogramandthedata”，由which引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)定語從句分別修飾theprogram和thedata。譯文：程序的作用是指示計(jì)算機(jī)如何工作，而數(shù)據(jù)則是為解決問題提供的所需要的信息，兩者都存儲在存儲器里。1/4/202365計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[2]Theprogram,whichtThreebasiccapabilitiesofcomputers

計(jì)算機(jī)的三個(gè)基本性能First,computershavecircuitsforperformingarithmeticoperations,suchas:addition,subtraction,multiplication,divisionandexponentiation.第一，計(jì)算機(jī)具有進(jìn)行加、減、乘、除及求冪等各種算術(shù)運(yùn)算的電路。Second,computershaveameansofcommunicatingwiththeuser.第二，計(jì)算機(jī)具有與用戶通信和功能。Third,computershavecircuitswhichcanmakedecisions.第三，計(jì)算機(jī)具有進(jìn)行判定的電路。1/4/202366計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）ThreebasiccapabilitiesofcoThecontrolunit（控制單元

）Thecontrolunitisthefunctionalunitthatisresponsibleforsupervisingtheoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.

控制單元是負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督整個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)操作的功能部件。Thecontrolunitfetchesinstructionsfrommemoryanddeterminestheirtypeordecodesthem.控制單元從存儲器中取出指令，并確定其類型或?qū)χM(jìn)行譯碼。Itthenbreakseachinstructionintoaseriesofsimplesmallstepsoractions.然后將每條指令分解成一系列簡單的、很小的步驟或動(dòng)作。Bydoingthis,itcontrolsthestep-by-stepoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.

這樣，就可以控制整個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)一步一步地操作。1/4/202367計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Thecontrolunit（控制單元）ThecNotes

[3]TheArithmetic/LogicUnit(ALU)isthefunctionalunitthatprovidesthecomputerwithlogicalandcomputationalcapabilities.本句由“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾“thefunctionalunit”。譯文：算術(shù)邏輯單元（ALU）是為計(jì)算機(jī)提供邏輯及計(jì)算能力的功能部件。1/4/202368計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[3]TheArithmetic/LogTheArithmetic/LogicUnit

算術(shù)/邏輯單元

DataarebroughtintotheALUbythecontrolunit,andtheALUperformswhateverarithmeticorlogicoperationsarerequiredtohelpcarryingouttheinstructions.控制單元將數(shù)據(jù)送到算術(shù)邏輯單元中,然后由算術(shù)邏輯單元完成執(zhí)行指令所需要的算術(shù)或邏輯運(yùn)算。Arithmeticoperationsincludeadding,subtracting,multiplying,anddividing.算術(shù)運(yùn)算包括加、減、乘、除。Logicoperationsmakeacomparisonandtakeactionbasedontheresults.邏輯運(yùn)算完成比較，并根據(jù)結(jié)果采取行動(dòng)。1/4/202369計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）TheArithmetic/LogicUnit

算術(shù)Registers（寄存器）Aregisterisastoragelocationinsidetheprocessor.寄存器是處理器內(nèi)部的存儲單元。RegistersintheCPUareusedtostorethecurrentinstruction,thelocationofthenextinstructiontobeexecuted,andtheoperands.CPU中的寄存器用來存儲當(dāng)前指令，下一條將執(zhí)行的指令的地址以及操作數(shù)。1/4/202370計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Registers（寄存器）AregisterisaInstruction

（指令）Aninstructionismadeupofoperationsthatspecifythefunctiontobeperformedandoperandsthatrepresentthedatatobeoperatedon.指令由操作碼和操作數(shù)組成，操作碼指明要完成的操作功能，而操作數(shù)則表示操作的對象。Whentheoperandsarestoredinthecomputer’smemory,theyhaveanaddresstoindicatewheretheyare.當(dāng)操作數(shù)存儲在計(jì)算機(jī)的存儲器中時(shí)，則應(yīng)有指明其位置的地址。OperationcodeOperandADD1000,10051/4/202371計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Instruction（指令）AninstructionNotes

[4]Forexample,ifaninstructionistoperformtheoperationofaddingtwonumbers,itmustknowwhatthetwonumbersareandwherethetwonumbersare.這里的“whatthetwonumbersareandwherethetwonumbersare”作賓語，它由兩個(gè)并列的從句組成。譯文：例如，一條指令要完成兩數(shù)相加的操作，它就必須知道：這兩個(gè)數(shù)是什么？這兩個(gè)數(shù)在哪兒？1/4/202372計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）Notes[4]Forexample,ifaniThestepsofexecutingeachinstruction

執(zhí)行每一條指令的步驟Fetchthenextinstructionfrommemoryintotheinstructionregister.從存儲器取出一條指令，送入指令寄存器。Changetheprogramcountertopointtothefollowinginstruction.修改程序計(jì)數(shù)器以指向下一條指令。Determinethetypeofinstructionjustfetched.確定剛?cè)〕鲋噶畹念愋汀ftheinstructionusesdatainmemory,determinewheretheyare.如果指令使用存儲器中的數(shù)據(jù)，則須確定它們的地址。FetchthedataintointernalCPUregisters.取出指令并送到CPU內(nèi)部寄存器