人教版選修八第一單元詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

B8-U1詞匯學(xué)習(xí)distinctionn.差別；區(qū)分；卓著make/drawadistinctionbetweenAandB對……加以區(qū)分withoutdistinetion無差別地；一視同仁地withdistinction以優(yōu)異的成績，以杰出的表現(xiàn)gain/obtain/windistinction出名Thereisafinedistinctionbetweenthetwowords.這兩個字之間有細微區(qū)別。Weshouldmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.我們應(yīng)該分清是非。Wemustmakeadistinctionbetweenfreedomandlicense.我們必須把自由和放縱區(qū)分開來。Michaelgraduatedwithdistinctionfromtheuniversity.邁克爾以優(yōu)異的成績從大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。Hepassedtheexaminationwithdistinction.Employersshouldhiremenandwomenwithoutdistinction.雇主用人應(yīng)不分男女。distinctadj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的bedistinctin...from...在某方面與……不同Mozart'sstyleisquitedistinctfromHaydn's.莫扎特在風(fēng)格上與海頓截然不同。Therewasadistinctsenseofembarrassmentintheair.周圍的氣氛中有一種明顯的局促不安的感覺。Sheistryingtoremaincalm,butthereisadistinctedgetohervoice.她竭力想保持冷靜，但她的聲音中卻顯然帶著怒氣。liveon繼續(xù)活著，繼續(xù)存在；住在…上；以…為食Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied.丈夫死后她繼續(xù)活了多年。Thesetraditionswillliveonforcenturies.這些傳統(tǒng)將世代相傳.Thecomposer'sworkswillalwaysliveon.這位作曲家的作品將永遠留在人間Thepeoplefindithardtoliveon民不聊生.Mostmammalsliveonland.大多數(shù)哺乳動物生活在陸地上.MostofAsiansliveonrice多數(shù)亞洲人以大米為主食.Thelonelyoldmanlivesoncharity

Mozartisdeadbuthismusicliveson.［短語歸納］live短語：liveonsth以某物為食,靠某種經(jīng)濟來源生活livebydoingsthliveforsth靠做某事物為生以某事物為生活目標(biāo)livebydoingsthliveforsth靠做某事物為生以某事物為生活目標(biāo)livethroughsthlivetogether經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存livethroughsthlivetogether經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存在一起生活；同居liveuptosth依照某事物行事；表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準livewithsth接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象livetobe...=livetotheageof...活到……歲livea...life過著……的生活meansn.手段；方法（單復(fù)數(shù)同形）①Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,

butnoneworked.=Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,butnoneworked.各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒有一種奏效。bythismeans通過這種方式bythismeans通過這種方式bymeansof用辦法；借助byallmeans一定，務(wù)必；好的，當(dāng)然可以byeverymeans用盡一切可能的辦法bynomeans決不，一點也不（位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝）byanymean無論如何Asisknowntous，telephoneisausefulmeansofcommunication.眾所周知，電話是一種有用的通訊工具。InmanyplacesinChina，thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.在中國的許多地方，自行車仍然是一種受歡迎的交通工具。Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtopreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotveryclear.為防止空氣污染，每種可能的方法都已用過了，但天空仍然不清澈。bymeansof借用，依靠Weexpressourfeelingsbymeansofwords.我們用語言來表達感情。Theactressrosetofameovernightbymeansofherperfectperformanceinthefilm.bynomeans=notatall—點也不BynomeansamIsatisfiedwithmypresentjob.我對目前的工作一點也不滿意。Thisisbynomeansagoodwaytosolvetheproblem.這絕非解決問題的良計。bythismeans通過這種方式Y(jié)oucandoitbythismeans.你可以用這種辦法去做。byallmeans可以，當(dāng)然行，務(wù)必—MayIuseyourbicycle—Byallmeans！我可以用你的自行車嗎當(dāng)然可以！1．Butbynomeanswithmyprogress.A．theteacherisnotsatisfiedB．istheteachernotsatisfiedC．theteacherissatisfiedD．istheteachersatisfied2．Thepolicelookedintothecasecarefullyandfoundthethiefhadenteredthehousealadder.A．bythemeansB．byallmeansC．bywaysofD．bymeansof3．Shecouldn'tspeak，butmadeherwishesknownsign.A．bymeansofB．byanymeansC．byallmeansD．bynomeans—Doyouthinkweshouldputanadinthepaperforthelostchild—Yes，.A．that'sallrightB．byallmeansC．itjustdependsD．nevermindinadditionadv.另外；除此之外；并且；況且?Inaddition,相當(dāng)于副詞。①位于兩個句子中間，放在從句的句首，后面接完整的句子。Thisgardenhasthebestcollectionofnativeplants.Inaddition,itcontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.

這座花園有當(dāng)?shù)刂参锏淖罴颜洳?。另外，它還有無數(shù)來自海外的花草樹木。?許多詞可以和它替換，?許多詞可以和它替換，如：additionally，furthermore，besides。②Inaddition位于句末，相當(dāng)于“aswell”AuntMarygaveussandwichesforourpicnicandabagofcookiesinaddition.瑪麗舅母為我們?nèi)ソ加螠蕚淞巳髦?，另外還準備了一袋甜餅。WhenDianefell,shehurtherarmand,inaddition,brokeherglasses.黛安妮摔倒時,摔傷了胳臂,還摔壞了眼鏡.Youneedmoneyandtime,youneeddiligence.inaddition,你需要金錢和時間，此外你還需要努力。Inadditionto整個詞組相當(dāng)于一個介詞，所以to的后面要接名詞性成分做賓語。Inadditiontonativeplants,thisgardencontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.除了當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参镏?，這座花園還有無數(shù)來自海外的花草樹木。Inadditiontothekilledandwounded,manyweremissing.除了傷亡之外，還有許多人失蹤。InChina,bothlatemarriagesandlatechildbirthareadvocated,inadditiontofewerandbetterbirths.在中國,晚婚晚育和少生優(yōu)生均受到提倡鼓勵majorityn.大多數(shù)；大半majoradj.&n.較大的，主要的；主修，專攻（反義詞minority少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族）beinthe/amajority構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù)haveamajorityoversb獲得超過對方的票數(shù)A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認為吸煙對健康極為有害。ObamahadamajorityoverMittRomneyandwontheelection.奧巴馬得票多于米特羅姆尼，獲得大選的勝利。Themajorityofstudentsfinditquitehardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyget.大多數(shù)學(xué)生認為靠他們掙得錢生活很難。Themajorityofstudentswereinfavourofthesuggestionthattheygooutforapicnicthenextday.Hewontheseatwithamajorityof71votes.他以71票的優(yōu)勢贏得了該席位。(1)單獨用做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可。Themajoritywas/wereinfavourofbanningsmoking.大多數(shù)人支持禁煙大多數(shù)人支持禁煙oThemajoritywere/wasagainsttheplan.大多數(shù)人反對這個計劃。(2)單獨用做主語，如果后面的表語是復(fù)數(shù)那么謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.昨天參加會議的大多數(shù)是學(xué)生。Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.這次的損失大部分容易補救。Inthenursingprofession,womenareina/themajority.女性在護理行業(yè)中占大多數(shù)。1．Don'tworryaboutthepresentsituationintheworld；ofpeoplepreferpeacetowar.A．themostB．thegreatpartC．themajorityD．thenumber2.Amongthemembersofthecommitteethosewhoareinfavouroftheplanare（占大多數(shù)）．ina/themajoritykeepup堅持；維持；沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺3.Weshouldkeepupourgoodtraditions.我們應(yīng)該沿襲我們的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。4）.Weshouldtrytokeepup（沿襲）ouroldcustoms.makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等cometolife變得更有趣；變得活躍live/leada...life過著生活comebacktolife蘇醒過來，恢復(fù)生機bring...backtolife使蘇醒過來make/startanewlife開始新生活makealivingby靠……謀生Somepeoplefromthecountryfindithardtomakealifeinbigcities.一些來自農(nóng)村的人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難習(xí)慣大城市的生活。TheymovedoutWesttomakeanewlifethere.他們遷往西部去開始新生活。Theyoungmenintheruralareashavetoleaveforbigcitiestomakealife.Theoldcouplemadealivingbysellingvegetables.這對老夫婦靠賣菜維持生活。5．Soldierswhofoughtallthewaytothefarawayplacescouldn'tcomeback，andtheyhadtoalifeontheforeignlands.A．makeB．comeC．bringD．laydespiteprep.盡管；不管n.憎恨；輕視Despiteoldage,sheisstilllearningtodrive.盡管年事已高,她還在學(xué)開車。Despitealloureffortswestilllostthegame.盡管我們盡了全力，我們還是輸?shù)袅吮荣?。Despitethedrought，weexpectagoodcrop．盡管天旱，豐收依然在望。Sheignoredalldespitesandcarriedonwithherdreams.她不在乎別人的輕視,繼續(xù)追逐自己的夢想。Inspiteofthebadweather,wewentfishing.我們不顧惡劣的天氣而去釣魚。Inspiteofouradvice,hemarriedabovehimself.

他不顧我們的勸告，同比自己地位高的人結(jié)了婚。Despite用作介詞時，與inspiteof同義,都表示“盡管”、“雖然”、“不顧”之意但程度有所不同。一般說來，inspiteof的語氣較強，使用范圍也較廣；despite范圍也較廣；despite的語氣較弱，多用于詩歌或正式的文體中。Despite與(al)though都有“盡管"的意思，despite是介詞，后接名詞或代詞;而although=though是連詞后接表示讓步的狀語從句。例如：Ithinkheissad,despitehissmiles.盡管他在微笑，我認為他很悲傷。Wewentforawalkalthough/thoughitwasraining.盡管下雨，我們還是去散步了。Bravelythoughtheyfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.雖然他們打得很勇敢，但還是沒有機會獲勝。establishvt.建立，創(chuàng)建；確立或使安全；使被安排好；使成為;查實，證實；TheSchoolwasestablishedin1989byanItalianprofessor.這所學(xué)院由一名意大利教授于1989年創(chuàng)建。Wehadalreadyestablishedcontactwiththemuseum.我們已經(jīng)和那家博物館建立了聯(lián)系。establishaleadershipposition確立領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位establishagoodwayoflife創(chuàng)立優(yōu)秀的生活方式establishasmallworkinggroup成立小型工作組Medicaltestsestablishedthatshewasnottheirownchild.醫(yī)學(xué)化驗證實她不是他們的親骨肉。Itwillbeessentialtoestablishhowthemoneyisbeingspent.查清楚這筆錢將作何用途至關(guān)重要。8.occurvi.A.存在B.發(fā)生C.被想到Earthquakesoccurfrequentlyinthisarea.Itdidn'toccurtohimthatshewouldrefusehisinvitation.DogiraffesoccurinAfricaonlysth.occurstosb.某人想起某事Itoccurstosb.that…某人想起Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人想起做某事表示“某人突然想起……”的其他句型：sth.strikessb.Itstrikessb?that…Itcrossessb.'smindthat…estosb?…Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred.我正沿街尋找停車點時，突然發(fā)生了事故。Justthenanideaoccurredtome.就在那時，我想起了一個主意。Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptthehomelesschild.她突然想她可能會收養(yǎng)那個無家可歸的孩子。Itdidn'toccurtohertoaskforhelp她沒想到請別人幫忙。Thenapracticalideahit/struck/occurredtoher!那時他突然想到一個切合實際的主意！Itsuddenlystruckmehowwecouldimprovethesituation.我一下子明白我們?nèi)绾胃纳凭置媪?。Itsuddenlyoccurredtomethatwecoulduseacomputertodothejob.我突然想到我們可以用計算機來做這項工作。

—Whyareyousolate—IwasinhalfthewaywhenittomethatIhadleftmynotebookhom，esoIhadtofetchit.A．occurredB．hitC．C．happenedD．ItsuddenlytothemillionairewasbyhisowndaughterremindedthedetectivethatprobablymurderedhappenedoccurredhappenedoccurredC.thoughtD.tookplaceC.thoughtD.tookplaceAnaccidentdid,however,atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.occurB.takeplacehappenedD.brokeout9.vt9.vtindicate指出，指明，表明；象征;指示,顯示,暗示，預(yù)示；指示,顯示,暗示，預(yù)示；Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite我問他我姐姐在哪，他指了指對面的商店。Thecloudsindicatethecomingofrain.云彩預(yù)示著即將下雨了。Hishesitationindicatesunwillingness.他的猶豫表明不愿意。Researchindicatesthatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.5．Ahighfeverindicates（表明）thataperson'sbodyisfightingdisease.indicationn.指出/示；表明/示；跡象indicativeadj.指示的；暗示的indicatesth.（tosb.）向（某人）表示某事；把……指給（某人）看indicatethat…表示；示意Advicesfromabroadindicatethatwarisabouttobegin.來自國外的消息表明戰(zhàn)爭即將開始。Thereiseveryindication（表明）ofachangeintheweather.Everyindicationshowsmarketgetsnearbottomnow.所有跡象表明，目前市場價格已跌落低谷。Didhegiveyouanyindicationofhisfeelings他向你表示過他的感情嗎Thebellrang,thatclasswasover.A.toindicateB.indicatingC.indicatedD.havingindicating10.apparentadj.A.顯然的B.表面上的apparentlyadv.顯然地；顯而易見地同義詞：obvious

Theapparenttruthwasreallyalie.Itisapparentthatironisdifferentfromsteel.Itisapparent(顯然的)fromscientificstudiesthatthedrugproducesseveresideeffects.Herapparentindifferencemadehimevenmorenervous.她表面上若無其事反而使他更加緊張。Itisapparentthat…顯然Itisapparentfromsththat…從某事物上明顯看出…Itisapparenttosbthat…某人明白?…Itwasapparentthathewasinnoconditiontotravel.他的健康狀況顯然不宜旅行。Itwasapparenttoallthathewasguilty眾所周知，他是有罪的。眾所周知，他是有罪的。Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove…正如上面的圖畫/圖表/上文明顯展示/陳述Itwasapparentfromhiswordsthathewasunsatisfiedwiththeresult.從他的語言中明顯地看出他對這個結(jié)果不滿意。()Itwasfromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.Betterleaveheralone.A.racialB.abundantC.flexibleD.apparent11.Slipv?滑倒；滑脫；疏忽；溜走n.疏忽；滑倒；溜走；失誤slipperyadj.滑溜的Ourneighbournearlyhadasliponthewaxedfloor.Sheslippedintotheroomwhennoonewaslooking.3）Theoldmanslipped（滑倒）ontheicyroadandbrokehisleg.4）Iwasunluckytosliponabananaskinandfallover.我真倒霉，踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。5）Isawtheboyslipawaythroughthedoor.我看見那個男孩溜出門去。letslip...錯過；無意中說出letsth.slipthroughyourfingers錯過（機會），失去（機會）aslipofthetongue口誤Sheletslipsomeremarksaboutmydaughter.她無意中說出了一些有關(guān)我女兒的話。Shewillneverletslipachancetostudyabroad.她絕不會錯過出國學(xué)習(xí)的機會。Sheletthechanceslipthroughherfingers.她坐失良機。Besurenottoletthetruthslip.千萬別把真相泄漏出去。Bettertoslipwiththefootthanwiththetongue.寧可失腳滑倒，不可隨口失言。.She(無意中說出)thatshewasintendingtoleavethecompany..Astheyearsby,Ithoughtmoreandmoreabouthim..Driveverycarefully;theroadsarewetand(slip).Keys:1).letslip2).slipped3).slipperyupwith（與某人）一起工作（尤指為一共同目標(biāo)）；合作Thetwocompanieshaveteameduptodevelopanewracingcar.那兩個公司已合作研制新型賽車。Heteamedupwith（與某人一起工作）hisbrotherinthedoubles.It'sapleasuretoteamupwithsuchexcellentworkers.和這樣出色的工人一起干活真愉快Hepreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthantoteamupwithanyoneelse.他情愿獨自經(jīng)商,而不愿與人合伙.13.markout劃線；標(biāo)出界線PleasemarkoutthemistakesImadeinmycomposition.Pleasemarkoutthesentencesthatyoudon'tunderstandwitharedpen.請用紅筆標(biāo)出你不懂的句子。3）Markoutthefieldcarefully.仔細地標(biāo)出界限.4）.Shecarefullymarkedout（劃線標(biāo)出）theimportantphrasesandsentencepatterns.Theymarkedoutthetenniscourtwithwhitepaint.他們用白漆標(biāo)出了網(wǎng)球場的界線。Someofthebestpupilshavebeenmarkedoutforspecialtraining.已經(jīng)選出幾名出色的學(xué)生進行專門訓(xùn)練。marksb.outforsth.選出/選定某人做某事markdownmarkup寫下，記下；降低……的價格標(biāo)出；提高的價格markin加畫；繪入markoutfor看中；選定14?takein⑴包括；包含ThetourtakesinsixEuropeancapitals這次旅游包括六個歐洲國家的首都。Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday，takingeverythingin.這是假期的全部費用，一切都包括在內(nèi)允許某人寄宿家中Shewashomelesssowetookherin.她無家可歸，我們就收留了她。欺騙(愚弄)某人Shetookmeincompletelywithherstory.她用謊話把我完全蒙蔽了。Don'tletyourselfbetakeninbyhistricks.吸收，吸入(空氣，水等)Takeinadeepbreath深吸一口氣Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.l=!Ihopeyou'retakinginwhatI'msaying.我希望你能理解我說的話。Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach.學(xué)生們覺得你教的課容易領(lǐng)會。6．Don'tbebyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.A．takenoffB．takenoutC．takenawayD．takenin【解析】根據(jù)句意“不要被那些許諾能讓你快速減肥的產(chǎn)品所欺騙”。15?agreat/goodmany許多；很多（修飾可數(shù)名詞）I'veknownherforagreatmanyyear.我認識她好多年了。Tomfoundthattherewereagreat/goodmanypeoplealreadythere.湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒已經(jīng)有很多人了。Itseemsthatagreat/goodmanyofthemareoutofworknow.似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在失業(yè)了。Agreatmanyoftheflowerswerewhite.那些花多數(shù)是白色的。agood/greatmany后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但agood/greatmany后接of時,必須加限定詞，

如these/those/the/one's等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Agoodmanyofthe/thosestudentsinourclasshavepassedtheexam.我們班中有很多學(xué)生通過了考試。Agreatmanyofusdon'tlikespeakingEnglishinclass.我們當(dāng)中許多人不喜歡在課堂上講英語。6．thehouseswereknockeddownintheearthquake.A．AgreatmanyB．ThenumberofC．AgreatmanyofD．Agreatdealof請求申請16.applyfor請求申請1.applyfor…applyto???for…向….申請…Youcan'tapplyforthejobuntilyouhavesatisfiedcertainconditions.在符合一定的條件之后你才能申請這份工作。SheappliedforajobasanEnglishteacher.她應(yīng)聘英語教師的工作。Youshouldapplyforthejobimmediately,inpersonorbyletter.Wehadtoapplytothegovernmentforfinancialhelp.?=|Manyapplicantsappliedforthewellpaidjob,butnoneofthemwereacceptedbythecompany.2.applyto...適用（合）apply…to…把…運用到…Whatyousaiddoesn'tapplytome.你所說的并不適合我。Youcan'tapplythisruletoeverycase.這個規(guī)則并不能適用于所有的狀況。Thequestionsinthesecondhalfoftheformapplytomarriedmenonly.該表的下部分問題僅適用于已婚男性。

oneselfto(doing)sth.專注于；專心做某事HeappliedhimselftolearningEnglish.他專心學(xué)英語。IwishSamwouldapplyhimselfalittlemoretohisschoolwork.真希望薩姆能再專注于學(xué)業(yè)。1.Duetothefactthathefailedto（申請另adapthimselftothepresentjob，（申請另he一個工作）．a(chǎn)ppliedforanotherone2.TotraveltotheUnitedStates，youmustfirstapply___theAmericanEmbassyyourvisa.A．for；toB．to；forC．for；forD．to；toapplicantn.申請人applicationn.申請(書)應(yīng)用；用途

applyv.applyv.運用，適用1).Wehad250applicantsforthejob有250人申請這份工作。2).Asthewageswerelow,therewerefewapplicantsforthejob因為工資低,沒有什么人申請這份工作。fillintheapplicationformforsth.填寫申請表填寫申請表Someofthechildrenseemunabletoapplywhattheyhavelearned.有些孩子似乎不會應(yīng)用他們所學(xué)的知識。8.insertvt?插入，嵌入Heinsertedakeyintoalock.他把鑰匙插進鎖中。insertsth(in/into/betweensth)插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某兩物間

填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1).Sheinsertedanparagraphanessay2).Insertyourfingers__layersandpressthemapartadditionaltheKeys:1).in2).additionaltheitislikelythatHowever,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，可能美洲土著人至少一萬五千年前就生活在加利福尼亞。本句式中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。Itislikelythat.??…是可能的，此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb./likelytodo...某人/物可能干某事。She'sverylikelytoringmetonight=It'slikelythatshewillringmetonight.她今晚很可能給我打電話。Itislikely/thattheweatherwillbefine.=Theweatherislikelytobefine.IE1．Itisverythat，inmanyschools，thestudentsaregoingtospendlesstimeindoinghomeworkthantheyusedto.A．possiblyB．probablyC．lovelyD．likelySincehewas67，itdidn'tseemthathewouldcontinuelonginthatposition.A．impossibleB．necessaryC．particularD．likely(1)That'swhy.??這就是為什么(why從句表示結(jié)果)That'sbecause...這是因為(because從句表示原因)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……（表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because）Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.湯姆開會遲到了，那是他病了。Tomwas