2022年雅思英語考試閱讀測試試題

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Hackerstargetthehomefront

1.OneoftheUK'sleadingbankshasbeenforcedtoadmitthatorganisedhackinggangshavebeentargetingitsexecutives.Forthepastyear,RoyalBankofScotlandhasbeenfightingsystematicattemptstobreakintoitscomputersystemsfromhackerswhohavesentpersonalisedemailscontainingkeyloggerstoitsseniormanagement.ThishasincludedexecutivesuptoboardlevelandisnowthesubjectofaseparateinvestigationbytheSeriousandOrganisedCrimeAgency.

2.Thehackersarehominginonthetrendforpeopletoworkfromhome.ThehackersmaketheassumptionthatthecomputersbeingusedoutsidetheworkenvironmentaremorevulnerablethanthoseprotectedbyacorporateITdepartment.

Growingthreat

3.Forcompaniesitisagrowingthreatashomeworkingincreases:arecentsurveyfromtheEqualOpportunitiesCommissionfoundthatmorethan60%oftheUK'spopulationwantstheoptionofflexibleworking.

4.Andthehackersareemployingincreasinglysophisticatedtechniques.Eachemailtheysendismeticulouslybuilttomakeitattractivetoitstarget,whothecriminalshavecarefullyresearchedbytrawlingtheinternetforinformation.Oncetheemailiscomposed,themalwareisjustascarefullydesigned:itisoftenmodifiedtoavoiddetectionbysecuritysoftware.

5.Thekeyloggercontainedintheemailinstallsitselfautomaticallyandthencollectsdetailsofloginsandpasswordsfromtheunsuspectinguser.Thismeansthathackerscan,usingtheusernamesandpasswordsstolenbythekeyloggers,connecttoVPNs,orVirtualPrivateNetworks,whichmanycompaniesusetocreateanencryptedpathwayintotheirnetworks.

6.Onceinsideabank'snetwork,thehackerscancommunicatedirectlywithcomputersholdingaccountinformationandmanipulatefunds.

7.Hasthisactuallyhappened?InsomecasessourcesclaimthatthelogindetailsofVPNshavebeenobtainedandusedthoughtherehasbeennoconfirmationthatanylosseshaveoccurredasaresult.TheattacksarenotbelievedtohavefocusedonRBSbuttohavebeenacrossthewholeofthebankingindustry.

8.RoyalBankofScotlandsaidthatthebankhadsufferednolossesasaresultoftheattacksandadded:"RBShasextremelyrobustprocessesinplaceinordertoprotectoursystemsfromfraud.Trojanemailattacksareanindustry-wideissueandarenotisolatedtoaparticularareaoraparticularbank."

9.Itisnotjustbanksthathavebeentargets.LastyearattemptsweremadetostealinformationfromtheHousesofParliamentusingmaliciousemail.Messagelabs,thecompanyresponsibleformonitoringmuchoftheemailtrafficofthegovernmentandbigbusinessforsuspectsoftware,saidatthebeginningoftheyearthatcriminalshavebeenevolvingmoresophisticatedtechniquestoattackcorporatenetworks.

10.AccordingtoMarkSunner,chieftechnologyofficerofMessagelabs,thenumberofmaliciousemailstargetedatinpidualshasbeenincreasing.Twoyearsagotheywerebeingseenonceeverytwomonths,butnowtheyareseeingoneortwoaday.ThishasbeenaccompaniedbyanincreaseinqualityinthecreationofTrojansandspyware.

11."Thehackersarenowaimingtotakeovercomputers,particularlythoseofhomeusers.Someofthemalicioussoftwarethatweareroutinelyseeingforthatpurposewillhaveitsownantivirussystembuiltintoitsothattheycankillofftheprogramsoftheircompetitors."

Increasedvigilance

12.TonyNeate,theheadofGetSafeOnline,agovernment-fundedorganisationsetuptoraiseawarenessamongUKbusinessesofcomputercriminals,says:"ThereisnowanattempttotargetinpidualswithinUKbusinesses-includingthebankingsector.Whatishappeningisthatcrimeisdoingwhatitalwaysdoes,whichislookfortheweakestlink.Homeworkingiswheretheyperceiveaweakness.

13."Thispointstoaneedforincreasedvigilanceandsecuritybythoseworkingfromhomeandbythoseresponsibleforlettingthemworkfromhome.Forhomeworkingtobeeffective,securityneedstobeaseffectiveasifworkinginanoffice."

667words

Questions1-4AnswerthequestionsbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

1.WhatdothehackersusetoattackthecomputersystemoftheRoyalBankofScotland?

2.Whichwordismostlikelytobeusedbyhackerstodescribehomecomputers?

3.WhatdothemajorityofpeopleintheUKprefer?

4.Howdohackerscollectinformationsoastocomposeemails?

5.Whatdohackersobtainillegallytogainaccesstobanks’computernetwork?

Questions5-12Completethesentencesbelowwithwordsfromthepassage.

UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

6.TheuseoflogindetailsofVPNsbycriminalsdoesnotnecessarilyresultinany______________.

7.RoyalBankofScotlandclaimedthattheyarenottheonlyvictimof______________.

8.Corporatenetworkswillbeanothertargetofhackerswithimproved_______________.

9.Theattacksoninpidualshavebeengreatlyincreasedwithin_______________.

10.With________________,softwareusedbycriminalscaneliminateitscompetingprograms.

11.Homeusersarechosenasatargetbecausetheyareconsideredasa__________.

12.GetSafeOnlineiscallingforanincreasein_____________toensuresafehomeworking.

AnswersKeys:

1.答案：personalisedemails/keyloggers見第1段第2句：Forthepastyear,RoyalBankofScotlandhasbeenfightingsystematicattemptstobreakintoitscomputersystemsfromhackerswhohavesentpersonalisedemailscontainingkeyloggerstoitsseniormanagement.

2.答案：vulnerable見第2段：ThehackersmaketheassumptionthatthecomputersbeingusedoutsidetheworkenvironmentaremorevulnerablethanthoseprotectedbyacorporateITdepartment.

3.答案：flexibleworking見第3段:Forcompaniesitisagrowingthreatashomeworkingincreases:arecentsurveyfromtheEqualOpportunitiesCommissionfoundthatmorethan60%oftheUK'spopulationwantstheoptionofflexibleworking.

4.答案：trawlingtheinternet見第4段第2句：Eachemailtheysendismeticulouslybuilttomakeitattractivetoitstarget,whothecriminalshavecarefullyresearchedbytrawlingtheinternetforinformation.

5.答案：loginsandpasswords/usernamesandpasswords見第5段第第1、2句：Thekeyloggercontainedintheemailinstallsitselfautomaticallyandthencollectsdetailsofloginsandpasswordsfromtheunsuspectinguser.Thismeansthathackerscan,usingtheusernamesandpasswordsstolenbythekeyloggers,…

6.答案：losses見第7段第2句：InsomecasessourcesclaimthatthelogindetailsofVPNshavebeenobtainedandusedthoughtherehasbeennoconfirmationthatanylosseshaveoccurredasaresult.

7.答案：Trojanemailattacks見第8段結(jié)果1句：Trojanemailattacksareanindustry-wideissueandarenotisolatedtoaparticularareaoraparticularbank.

8.答案：techniques見第9段結(jié)果1句：…saidatthebeginningoftheyearthatcriminalshavebeenevolvingmoresophisticatedtechniquestoattackcorporatenetworks.

9.答案：twoyears見第10段第1、2句：AccordingtoMarkSunner,chieftechnologyofficerofMessagelabs,thenumberofm