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定語從句之關(guān)系代詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)CourseObjectives掌握定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法目錄Catalog1.
who/whom/that用法及區(qū)別;2.
that/which用法以及區(qū)別;3.
whose的用法;4.
as引導(dǎo)定語從句;5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法;
WarmingupWhichoneisSuDaqiang?WarmingupWhichoneisSuDaqiang?WarmingupTheman
whoisinthemiddleisSuDaqiang.先行詞關(guān)系詞Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday?HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadeverseen.Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.Hehasmovedintoahousewhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.PART02內(nèi)容講解1Presentation
who,whom,that例如:
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在從句中作?)
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在從句中作?)這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語或賓語。例如:I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhom/who/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.Attention:who在從句中作主語或賓語,whom在從句中作賓語;兩者在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)??捎胻hat替換。作主語時(shí),who/that不可省略;作賓語時(shí),whom/who/that可以省略2which,that這些詞所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作?)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作?)
Attention:1).關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which的情況。先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,something,everything,nothing,none,theone等或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞,或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.Attention:先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾時(shí)。TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatthey‘veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.Exercise1.Thelittleproblems_______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.Exercise1.Thelittleproblems_that_wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.Attention:2).關(guān)系詞只用which而不用that的情況:引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。(2015·福建卷)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前,構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。Weliveinanageinwhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.Exercise2.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.Exercise2.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,_which_looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.3whose代替的先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞,在定語從句中作定語。指物時(shí),“whose+名詞”可用“限定詞+名詞+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+限定詞+名詞”來代替。例如:DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent?Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.=Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.Exercise3.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof______purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017·江蘇,28)Exercise3.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof_whose_purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017·江蘇,28)4
1)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句主句中出現(xiàn)thesame,as,such,so修飾先行詞,需選擇as作關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語,常見結(jié)構(gòu)thesame...as...,such...as...,as/so...as...等。例如:It'sthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday.SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.Shewillmarryaswealthyamanasshecanfind.4
2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常有"正如……"的意思,所引導(dǎo)的從句既可置于主句之前,也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中: asisknowntoall ashasbeensaidbefore asisoftenthecase asmaybeimagined ashasbeenpointedout asoftenhappens asismentioned
?Asyouknow,Davidisaphotographer. =David,asyouknow,isaphotographer. =Davidisaphotographer,asyouknow.
4aswhich指代指代整個(gè)主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,又可指代主句中的一部分位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后意義常常有"正如,正像,關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)"的含義which引導(dǎo)的從句常常說明主句的情況,和主句往往有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。which的意思相當(dāng)于andthis
【易混辨析】as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別Exercise4.Thenumberofsmokers,______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.Exercise4.Thenumberofsmokers,_as_isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句51)介詞的賓語只能用which(指物)和whom(指人),即:介詞+which/whom。不能用that和who。例如:Thisistheteacherfromwhomwe’velearnedalot.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichwelive.2)“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞等+of+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。介詞of表示整體和部分的關(guān)系Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.(2013·重慶,24)3)介詞+which+名詞Hiswifegotseriouslyill,inwhichcasehehadtogiveupthechanceofgoingabroad.4)復(fù)合介詞短語+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開,且定語從句常用倒裝語序。Theyarrivedatthehouse,infrontofwhichsatalittleboy.Exercise5.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_____wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhich B.bywhichC.towhich D.fromwhichExercise5.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy__C___wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhich B.bywhichC.towhich D.fromwhichExercise6.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.Exercise6.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof_which_werepublishedinthe1990s.關(guān)系詞被修飾的先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜ho指人的詞主語、賓語whom指人的詞賓語whose指人或物的詞定語that指人或物的詞主語、賓語、表語which指物的詞或整個(gè)主句主語、賓語as指人或物的詞或整個(gè)主句主語、賓語Exercise1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchoffatandsalt,__________isnotgoodforthehealth.2.Sarah,__________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.3.Myeldestson,
__________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.Exercise1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchoffatandsalt,__which__isnotgoodforthehealth.2.Sarah,__who__hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.3.Myeldestson,__whose__worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.Exercise1.Thelittleproblems__________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodPrograme,oneof__________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.Exercise1.Thelittleproblems_that/which/不填_wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodPrograme,oneof_whose__purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.Exercise3.WhenIwasinhighschoolourphysicsteachergaveusachallenge__________involvedmakingapaperairplaneofanyshape.Theonlyobjectivewastogetittoflyasfaraspossible.4.Charl
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