-Unit 15 基礎(chǔ)知識（詞匯 短語 句型）學案- 高考英語一輪復習北師大版必修五

高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)知識復習（詞匯+句型+語法）（北師大版必修五unit15）1.suspectv.懷疑;不信任;覺得n.可疑分子,犯罪嫌疑人adj.可疑的;靠不住的Isuspectthattheylaidmeoffbecausethecompanywasnotdoingthatwellbutitstillbroughtalumptomythroatandmademewanttocry.我懷疑他們裁掉我是因為公司經(jīng)營得不是很好,但這仍然使我喉頭哽咽,讓我想哭。知識延伸A.suspect(that)+從句懷疑……suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人(做)某事besuspectedofdoingsth被懷疑做某事B.suspiciousadj.可疑的,懷疑的,疑懼的besuspiciousabout/ofsth/sb懷疑某事/某人itis/wassuspectedthat...有人懷疑……suspiciouslyadv.懷疑地,可疑地知識運用A.Shesuspectedoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn’t.

B.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspecteddrugdealing.C.Theyoungman’shesitantanswertothosequestionsmadethepolice(suspect).

D.人們懷疑那個年輕人在撒謊。theyoungmanistellingalie.

2.instructv.指導,教導;指示,命令I(lǐng)gotmygrandsontoinstructmeonhowtoemailandusetheInternetandIreallyenjoythespeedatwhichmymessagesgetsentandanswered.我讓我的孫子教我怎樣收發(fā)電子郵件和使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。我真的很喜歡信息的傳送和回復速度。知識延伸A.asinstructed按照指示instructsbinsth指導/教導某人某事instructsbtodosth指示某人做某事instructsbthatsb(should)dosth命令某人做某事B.instructionn.用法指南;指示instructorn.教師,講師instructiveadj.增長知識的;富有教育意義的followtheinstructions按照說明操作ignore/carryoutsb’sinstructions忽視/執(zhí)行某人的命令underinstructions按指令知識運用A.Turntoanonline(instruct)forhelp.B.Notfeelingwell,thepresidentinstructedhissecretary(cancel)allthearrangements.

C.班主任說明不應該把手機帶進教室。Ourheadteacherinstructsthatnomobilephoneintotheclassroom.

D.在一些經(jīng)驗豐富的農(nóng)民指導我們?nèi)绾伪鎰e生的西瓜和熟的西瓜后我們開始干活了。Aftersomeexperiencedfarmersripemelonsfromgreenones,westartedtowork.

3.buryv.埋葬Somanypeoplethinkthatafteryouretire,allyoucandoisswitchoffyourbrainandburyeverythingyou’veeverlearnt.所以很多人認為退休后你能做的就是關(guān)閉大腦,埋葬所學過的任何東西。知識延伸buryoneselfin(doing)sth埋頭(做)某事buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面beburiedin(doing)sth專心(做)某事beburiedinthought深思,沉思知識運用A.Afterfailingtheexam,Jimburied(he)inhisstudy.

B.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarbonthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.C.(bury)instudyinghisnewmachine,ProfessorChengsometimesevenforgetstohavehismeals.

D.高中時,我常常和同學們專心訓練英語口語,以便我能很好掌握它。Duringmyseniorhigh,IwouldspokenEnglishwithmyclassmatessothatIhadagoodgraspofit.

4.distinguishvi.&vt.辨別;區(qū)別;顯示……的差別;使……有所不同Iftheroomhadn’tbeendark,hewouldhavedistinguishedthetwopictures.如果不是房間很暗,他就區(qū)分開那兩張照片了。知識延伸A.distinguishbetween...and...區(qū)別/辨別……和……distinguish...from...使……有別于……distinguishoneself(as...)(作為……)使出眾;使著名bedistinguishedforsth以……而著稱B.distinguishedadj.有尊嚴的,高貴的;卓越的;杰出的知識運用A.AsfarasIknow,shehasalreadydistinguished(she)asanathlete.

B.ThistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfootballandbasketballC.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssucha(distinguish)writer.D.在幫助農(nóng)民們收獲西瓜的活動中,我們學會了辨別哪種西瓜可能嘗起來美味。

5.alternativeadj.非傳統(tǒng)的;另類的;可供替代的n.可供選擇的事物Jackhada“traditional”educationandNicholashadan“alternative”one.杰克接受了“傳統(tǒng)”教育,尼古拉斯接受了“非傳統(tǒng)”教育。知識延伸analternativeuse/way/route/road可供選擇的用途/方法/路線/路theonlyalternative唯一的選擇havenoalternativebuttodosth除做某事外別無選擇analternativemethodof(doing)sth做某事的其他方法知識運用A.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But(alternative)explanationsarehardtofind.

B.在長江和泰山這兩個供選擇的旅行中,我想向你推薦前者。,theYangtzeRiverandMountTai,theformeriswhatI’dliketorecommendtoyou.

6.reputationn.名譽,名聲Duetothelimitednumberofplacesandourexcellentreputation,studentsshouldapplyearly.由于名額有限,我們聲譽卓著,學生應及早申請。知識延伸haveareputationof有……名聲haveagood/badreputationfor因……而有好/壞名聲知識運用A.雖然這里只有幾個人知道他,但他在國外的名氣卻很大。Althoughheisknowntoonlyafewpeoplehere,isverygreat.

B.我們學校因幫助每位學生都能恰當?shù)匕l(fā)展而有好的聲譽。Ourschool???helpingeachstudentdevelopingproperly.

C.王叔叔的主要職責是測量體溫和檢查出入通行證,以其熱心幫助他人而著稱。UncleWangwhosemaindutyistomeasurebodytemperatureandcheckthepassesforexitandentry?hispassiontohelpothers.

7.lackv.&n.缺乏,沒有,不足IknowthatIwasn’tawillingstudentandIshouldn’thavebeensodifficultatschool,butitwasprobablybecauseIlackedconfidenceinmyself.我知道自己不是個樂于助人的人,本來不該這么叛逆,但那也許是因為我太缺乏自信了。知識延伸A.lacksth缺少某物lackfornothing應有盡有a(complete/distinct)lackof...(完全/明顯)缺乏……for/throughlackof...因為缺少……nolackof不缺少B.lackingadj.短缺的,缺乏的belackingin...缺少……知識運用A.Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackitcando.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷,七選五)

B.(lack)amirrorimageinthemotherwhoraisedme,Ihadtoseekmyidentityasawomanonmyown.

C.Atlastsherealizedthatshefailedbecauseshewaslackingconfidence.

D.即使你有一個極好的計劃,缺少行動必然一事無成。Evenifyouhaveanexcellentplan,issuretoleadtonothing.

8.accessn.通道;方法;(使用或見到的)機會,權(quán)利Thethingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhaveaccesstochildren’smindswhentheyareopenandeagertolearn作為老師,你可以在孩子們心靈頓開,渴望學習時進入他們的思想。知識延伸A.haveaccessto擁有……的機會或權(quán)利theonlyaccessto到……的唯一途徑get/gainaccessto得到……的機會或權(quán)利B.accessibleadj.易受影響的;易接近的,可進入的;易理解的accessiblyadv.可到達地;可接近地;可使用地;可進入地beaccessibleto容易進入……,容易接近……知識運用A.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesssafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.B.TheTurnerschosetopurchaseahousetherebecausetherewasaschoolwhichwaseasily(access)fromtheirneighbourhood.

C.成人禮使我們可以觀看校友與疾病斗爭的錄像帶。Thecoming-of-ageceremonymadeusavideofeaturingalumnusfightingagainstthedisease.

9.worthwhileadj.值得努力的,值得花時間的AndifwhatIdoasateachercanhelpturnachildlikeGrahamintosuchasuccessfuladult,thenIknowwhatI’mdoingisworthwhile.如果我作為老師所做的工作能夠幫助將一個像格雷厄姆這樣的孩子變成如此成功的一個成年人,那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。知識延伸beworthwhile值得beworthwhiletodo/doing值得做知識運用A.Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhile(save)hismusic,towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.用worthwhile,worth或worthy填空B.Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingatthesametime?C.Theirachievementsareofthehighestpraise.

D.Thegoodnewsisthatit’ssimpletolearnandcanbetheeffort.10.ignorevt.忽視,不顧Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.教會和許多人經(jīng)常忽視事實,不愿意去挑戰(zhàn)他們一直堅信的一切。知識延伸A.ignoreone’sadvice/warning不理會某人的建議/警告ignoreone’sremarks/protests不理睬某人的話/抗議B.ignorancen.無知,不知ignorantadj.無知識的;不知道的;粗野的showignoranceof/aboutsth表明對……的無知beignorantof/about對……無知知識運用A.Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabrieftitleexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshould(ignore).

B.Sometimes(ignore)andnegative(消極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.C.Thosechildrenswimmingintheriverwerecompletelyignorantthehiddendanger.

D.毫無疑問,沒有人應該忽視勞動在我們成長過程中起的重要作用。Withoutdoubt,nobodyshouldthatlaborplaysinourgrowth.

11.urgev.催促,力勸;強烈要求n.強烈的欲望,沖動Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue...剛開始,人們贊同他的研究,并催促他繼續(xù)……知識延伸A.urgesbtodosth/urgesbintodoingsth強烈要求某人做某事urgesthon/uponsb對某人強調(diào)某事haveanurgetodosth有做某事的強烈愿望urgethat...(從句用shoulddo,should可以省略)催促某人(應該)做某事B.urgentadj.緊急的,緊迫的urgentlyadv.緊急地,緊迫地urgencyn.緊急的事知識運用A.Inthissituation,newgenerationoperationsupportsystemstandardsare(urge)required.

B.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongress(increase)farmlandconservation.C.Thosevolunteersworkingfortheorganisationfeelurgetolearntheskillsinfirstaid.

D.托馬斯的媽媽催促他了解一些人工智能的知識。Thomas’smothersomethingaboutAI.

12.inspirev.啟發(fā),鼓舞ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.但是即使是亞里士多德這樣一位鼓舞了他之后的許多科學家和哲學家的偉大人物,有時也會出錯。知識延伸A.inspiresbtodosth激勵某人做某事inspiresbwithsth=inspiresthinsb激勵/鼓舞某人B.inspirationn.靈感,好主意,鼓舞人的人或事inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的inspiredadj.品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的,能力卓越的aninspirationto/forsb鼓舞或激勵某人的人或事知識運用A.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thename(inspire)byanancientChinesemoongoddess.B.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandan(inspire)toherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.C.Ifapoethasnorichlifeexperience,hecan’twrite(inspire)poems.

D.我們的歷史老師經(jīng)常給我們講一些歷史上的鼓舞人心的故事,并激勵我們?yōu)閲易龀鲐暙I。

13.adaptvt.(使)適應;改編vi.適應,適合Forastart,itwouldbehardadaptingtoanewculture.首先,難以適應一種新的文化。知識延伸A.adapt...to...使……適應……adaptoneselfto適應……bewelladaptedto特別適應……adapt...from...由……改編B.adaptableadj.能適應的,適應性強的adaptationn.改編(本);適應知識運用A.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedto?(live)athighaltitudes.B.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindof(adapt)—nottoairortofood,buttotheoceanC.Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesandadapt(they)tothereality.

D.我寫這封信是要邀請你就改編自我們的英語教科書的短劇《假如給我三天光明》給我們提一些建議。Iamwritingthislettertoinviteyoutogiveussomeadviceontheshortplay“ThreeDaystoSee”,whichourEnglishtextbook.

14.layoff裁員;解雇;停止;別再打擾Threemonthsago,whenmymanagertoldmethatIwouldbelaidoff,mymindwentblankandmyheartswelledwithanger.三個月前,當經(jīng)理告訴我我下崗了時,我的腦海一片空白,怒火滿腔。知識延伸A.layout展開,布置,花費layup擱置不用laydown放下;規(guī)定,制定layaside把……放在一邊B.lie→lied→lied撒謊lie→lay→lain躺,位于lay→laid→laid放置,產(chǎn)卵知識運用A.ButthebottomlineisthatIshouldn’tliemykidsB.Manyemployeeswerelaidbecauseofthelackofneworders.

C.爸爸一到家就把他給兒子買的東西擺放在桌子上。TheinstantDadreturnedhome,hewhatheboughtforhissononthetable.

15.tendto往往會;傾向于Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved教會和許多人經(jīng)常忽視事實,不愿意去挑戰(zhàn)他們一直堅信的一切。知識延伸A.tendto/towards傾向于tendtosb照顧某人;照料某人B.haveatendencytodosth有做某事的傾向haveatendencyfor有……的傾向thereisatendencyforsbtodosth某人有做某事的傾向知識運用A.However,boystended(play)withmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls.B.人們往往會對他們周圍的美視而不見。Peopleblindtothebeautyaroundthem.

16.approveof贊成,贊許;批準Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue...剛開始,人們贊同他的研究,并催促他繼續(xù)……知識延伸approvaln.同意,贊成,認可approvinglyadv.贊成地,同意地with/withoutapprovalof經(jīng)/未經(jīng)……的批準meetwithone’sapproval得到某人的同意知識運用A.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年)nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublic(approve)theygetonline,oftenthrough“l(fā)ikes”.B.Thoughnoteveryoneapprovedthenewdance,sayingitwasalittletooshocking,thedancedidfindenoughsupporterstomakeitpopular.

C.經(jīng)過激烈的討論,我們班主任批準了我們制作視頻以記錄我們在學校的經(jīng)歷。Afteraheateddiscussion,ourheadteacheravideotorecordourexperiencesatschool.

17.asif引導表語從句IfeltasifIhaddonesomethingwrong!我感覺好像自己犯了錯!知識延伸A.sbfeelsasif...表示“某人感覺到好像……”,asif引導表語從句。B.在asif引導的從句中,應根據(jù)情況確定是否應用虛擬語氣。如果和事實相符用真實語氣,如果和事實不符則應用虛擬語氣。知識運用A.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifshe(be)theirownmother.

B.我并沒感覺好像我需要跟上別的人。Ididn’tfeelIneededtokeepupwithanybodyelse.

C.老師和我們談話就好像他已經(jīng)知道了那件事。Theteachertalkedwithusasifheaboutthat.

D.我的英語說得很流利,以至于我的英國同學感覺我就像是說英語的本地人。IspeakEnglishsofluentlythatmyEnglishclassmates?anEnglishnativespeaker.

18.“get+過去分詞”表示被動IgotmygrandsontoinstructmeonhowtoemailandusetheInternetandIreallyenjoythespeedatwhichmymessagesgetsentandanswered.我讓孫子教我怎樣收發(fā)電子郵件和使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。我真的喜歡信息傳送和回復的速度。知識延伸句中g(shù)etsentandanswered意為“(信息)傳送和回復”,“get+過去分詞”在句中表示被動,譯作“被……,變得……,成……狀態(tài)”。知識運用A.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheyget(marry).B.Youdonothavetobeafanoffootballtoget(catch)upintheexcitementC.Itwassogoodtofeel(accept)forwhatI’mgoodat.19.since引導時間狀語(從句)的句型Ihaven’tseenMrJenkinssinceIleftschoolbutIoftenthinkabouthim.我畢業(yè)以來一直沒見過詹金斯先生,但我經(jīng)常想起他。知識延伸句中Ihaven’tseen...since...是一個含有since的句型,表示“自從……以來我沒見過……”。知識運用A.It’sbeenyearstheyweredustylittleroomswithbooksB.來自中國的我從很小的時候就一直完全融入包括中國畫在內(nèi)的中國傳統(tǒng)文化。ComingfromChina,IcompletelyintraditionalChinesecultureincludingChinesepaintingssinceIwasprettyyoung.

20.shouldhavedone本該做而未做Thegovernmentshouldhaveputmoremoneytowardsscienceeducation.政府本應該給自然科學的教育多撥些款。知識運用A當然,我本來是能問問她的,但某件事卻阻止我而沒能這么做。Sure,Iher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.

B.燈突然熄滅了,一定是燈泡燒壞了。Thelightssuddenlywentoff.Thebulbout.

C.你本不必住賓館,我可以為你