高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)同位語(yǔ)從句講解與操練

PAGEPAGE3一、理解同位語(yǔ)從句的含義，把握同位語(yǔ)從句的實(shí)質(zhì)在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that,whether，what,which,who,when,where,why,how等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact,thought,news,word,idea,information,message,truth,hope,wish,problem,question,promise,answer,evidence,report,doubt,possibility,chance,explanation,suggestion,advice,proposal,conclusion,impression等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。二、正確運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語(yǔ)從句1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，但不可省略）2.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加"是否"的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）3.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加"什么時(shí)候"、"什么地點(diǎn)"、"什么方式"等含義，應(yīng)用when,where,how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。4.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“什么”、“誰(shuí)”等含義，應(yīng)用what,who等引導(dǎo)。三、把握同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語(yǔ)從句和相似從句的界限同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語(yǔ)從句不同于定語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前一名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞不在從句中作成分；定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時(shí)可以在相關(guān)名詞與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語(yǔ)從句。反之，則為定語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別：1.兩種從句前面的名詞不一樣：任何名詞或代詞都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句前面的先行詞，而同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞僅僅局限于能夠進(jìn)行解釋其內(nèi)容的抽象名詞。2.what、how、whether不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。Ihavenoideawhether/howhewillcometomorrow.Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.3.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中通常作主、賓或表語(yǔ)，并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)往往可省略；而that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。Thereportthathewasgoingtogivewasboring.(定語(yǔ)從句)Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwastrue.(同位語(yǔ)從句)【注意】同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.從句用陳述語(yǔ)序.

2.一般情況下，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。但當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí),從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).They

were

all

very

much

worried

over

the

fact

that

you

were

sick．

Magellen’s

men’s

return

from

the

voyage

proved

the

truth

that

the

earth

is

round．

麥哲倫的海員們的航?；貧w證實(shí)了地球是圓的這一真理.

3.表示“命令、要求、建議”等的名詞order,

demand,

suggestion，advice,requirement,request等后接同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即

“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”.

They

mainly

discussed

the

suggestion

that

a

big

dam

(should)

be

built

there．

4.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短,而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí),同位語(yǔ)從句常后置.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.

Practice:一.找出下列句子中的同位語(yǔ)1.Theyoungestboy,Peter,refusedtoacceptthemoney．2.Wefourweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory．3.That’sherhabit,readinginbed．4.Yoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea．5.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.6.HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.7.I’mlookingforajobdrivingcars．8.Football,hisonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends．9.WeChinesepeoplearebraveandhardworking.10.Heisinterestedinsports,especiallyballgames.二．判斷下列句子是同位語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句,并且連詞在從句中所作的成分.1.Wearenotlookingintothequestionthatmadesomanypeoplepuzzled.2.Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.3.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.4.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.5.Idon’tliketheideathatheputforwardatthemeetingyesterday.6.IhavenoideahowIcangettotherailwaystation.7.Thesuggestionthattheteacherhasgiventhestudentsisgood.8.Thesuggestionthatsheshouldstayintheroomisgood.三、用同位語(yǔ)從句翻譯下列句子.1.

我通過(guò)了考試這一消息是真的._____________________________________________________________________________________________2.

計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇._____________________________________________________________________________________________3.

我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問(wèn)題._____________________________________________________________________________________________4.老師向我們學(xué)生提出的建議是我們每天應(yīng)該多讀英語(yǔ)_____________________________________________________________________________________________5.

他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校._____________________________________________________________________________________________6.我不知道他昨晚是什么時(shí)候回來(lái)的.____________________________________________________________________________________________四、單選題1.Thereisanewproblem_________roadconditionsneed__________.A.that；tobeimproved B.which；tobeimprovedC.where；improving D.when；improving2.HemadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtest_____untilnextWednesday.A.willbeputoff B.beputoffCwillputoffD.putoff3.InParisthereisapopularsaying____youhavenotbeentoParisifyouhaven’tbeentotheEiffelTower.A.which BwhyC.thatD.whether4.Heignoredthedoctor’sadvice__________.A.whichheshouldstayinbed B.becauseheshouldstayinbedC.thathestayinbedD.thathestaysinbed5.________is

no

possibility

________Bob

can

win

the

first

prize

in

the

match．

A.There;

that

B.

It;

that

C.

There;

whether

D.

It;

whether6.Information

has

been

put

forward_________

more

middle

school

graduates

will

be

admitted

into

universities．A.

while

B.

that

C.

when

D.

as

7.Is

this

the

reason＿＿

at

the

meeting

for

his

carelessness

in

his

work？

A.he

explained

B.what

he

explained

C.how

he

explained

D.why

he

explained8.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.that

B.as

C.ofwhich

D.which9.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whether B.where

C.that

D.when10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.whether B.thatC.whatD.if11.Theoldoftenthinkthattheyknowbestforthesimplereason______theyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.A.why B.thatC.sinceD.after12.Adecisionwasmade_____thosewhoonceliedtothefactoryin