仁愛(ài)版初中英語(yǔ)講義九年級(jí)教學(xué)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及總結(jié)練習(xí)

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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一、導(dǎo)入

孩子弄的大人沒(méi)性情

兒子問(wèn)老公：張飛他媽姓什么？

老公：不知道。

兒子：笨，姓吳，惹是生非（吳氏生飛）都不知道。

兒子再問(wèn)：張飛他爸姓什么？

老公考慮半天，猛拍腦門(mén)：姓惹，惹禍生非！

兒子狂笑：笨死了！姓張！你不跟你爸姓呀。

二、（1）專(zhuān)題講解

☆專(zhuān)題1：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、語(yǔ)態(tài)歸納

我吃了一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，那此刻蘋(píng)果如何了？蘋(píng)果被我吃了。正如漢語(yǔ)中的被字句，英語(yǔ)中的“被字句”我

們稱(chēng)之為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是經(jīng)過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出

來(lái)的。

2、五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)之一：

主+謂+賓

E.g:Ieatanapple.

Tomplaysbasketball.

（注:在“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的履行者，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。）

3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone（過(guò)去分詞）

1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的履行者

e.g.：ManypeoplespeakChinese.

2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者

e.g.：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化模式如圖：Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

4、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用狀況：

1）、當(dāng)不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的履行者時(shí)；

Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦

是誰(shuí)偷的)

2）、沒(méi)有必需或不想指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的履行者時(shí)；

Thedoorwasopened.（沒(méi)有必需指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的履行者）

3)、只要重申動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。

Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗戶(hù)是邁克打破的。

5、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):bedone(總結(jié)構(gòu))

時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般此刻時(shí)do\doesam\is\are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas\were+done此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)am\is\are+doingam\is\are+being+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was\were+doingwas\were+being+done一般未來(lái)時(shí)will+dowillbe+done此刻完成時(shí)have\has+donehave\has+been+done有神態(tài)動(dòng)詞神態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do神態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done6、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)步驟：

判斷時(shí)態(tài)：思慮這類(lèi)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。

2主變賓：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)（同時(shí)賓變主）。3.謂動(dòng)變被動(dòng)：把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be+done）4.主語(yǔ)放by后，主格變賓格：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by（被）今后，將主格變?yōu)橘e格。e.g.：1、Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

2、Hecutsdownatree

Atreeiscutdownbyhim.

3、Iameatinganapple.

Anappleisbeingeatenbyme.

4、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.

RiceisgrowninSouthChina.

5、Theywilldotheirhomeworktomorrow.

Theirhomeworkwillbedonebythemtomorrow.

7、含有神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

含有神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，由“神態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，本來(lái)帶to的神態(tài)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?/p>

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to仍”要保存。

（歌訣是：神態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，神態(tài)加

be，加“過(guò)分”。）

e.g：1.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.

Thiswatchcanberepairedbyusintwodays.

2.Hemustfinishthisworksoon.

?Thisworkmustbefinishedbyhimsoon.

3.Weshouldplanttreesinspring.

Treesshouldbeplantedbyusinspring.初中階段可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的神態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can（bedone）

可以被

may（bedone）

可以能被

must（bedone）

必然被

need（bedone）

需要被

should（bedone）

應(yīng)當(dāng)被

三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“聽(tīng)聞”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。比方：

Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand

ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.

盡人皆知Itiswellknownthat

據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)Itissupposedthat

三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“聽(tīng)聞”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。比方：

Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand

ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.

盡人皆知Itiswellknownthat

據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)Itissupposedthat

四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。

比方：

TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．

Tina是被Paul叫來(lái)的。

五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。比方：

HewasborninOctober，1989．

四、牢固練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇：

()1.Theflowers___often.?A.mustbewater?B.mustbewatered??C.mustwatered?D.mustwater()2.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekept??B.beborrowed??C.keep??D.borrow()3.Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.?A.canmend?B.canmended?C.canbemend?D.canbemended()4.Nowthesemagazines________inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()5.Thepot___for___hotwaterA.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep(

(

(

)6.Tea___inthesouthofChina.

A.growsB.isgrown

)7.Thebridges___twoyearsago.

A.isbuiltB.built

)8.Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascostB.costed

C.weregrown

C.werebuilt

C.cost

D.willgrow

D.wasbuilt

D.iscosted

(

)9.--Kategotherdriver’slicenseyesterday.

--Ithink15-year-olds_______drive.Theyarenotcalmenough.

A.shouldbeallowednottoB.shouldallowto

(

C.shouldn’tbeallowedtoD.shouldbeallowedto

)10.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.??

A.found?B.wasfoundedC.isfounded?D.wasfound

五、拓展訓(xùn)練

一、將以下主動(dòng)句變換成被動(dòng)句

Theteachertoldhimnottowastetimeonplayingcomputergames.

______________________________________________________

Theworkersarebuildinganewrailwaybetweenthetwocities.?

______________________________________________________

Theyshoulddoitrightnow.

______________________________________________________

TheynamedtheboyJohnson.

_______________________________________________________

Themonsterletthelittlegirlcleanthecave.

______________________________________________________

.6.eopleinthetownlaughatMikeforhisfancydress.

_______________________________________________________7.Wecan’tdoitinoneday.

_________________________________________________________

8.Youngpeoplemusttakegoodcareofoldpeople

_________________________________________________________

當(dāng)堂過(guò)手訓(xùn)練(快練五分鐘，穩(wěn)準(zhǔn)建奇功！)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇：

()1.English____inCanada.?A.speaks?B.arespokenC.isspeaking?D.isspoken()2.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensings?B.oftensang?C.isoftensang?D.isoftensung()3.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.?A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()4.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.?A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()5.Ourroommust___clean.?A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()6.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.?A.need??????B.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()7.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.AwillbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()8.Japanese___ineverycountry.?A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()9.Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwritten

B.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwritten

D.hasnotbeenwritten

初中英語(yǔ)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表

1.AAA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞cost[k?st]cost[k?st]cost[k?st]開(kāi)支cut[k?t]cut[k?t]cut[k?t]割，切hurt[h?:t]hurt[h?:t]hurt[h?:t]受傷hit[hit]hit[hit]hit[hit]打，撞let[let]let[let]let[let]讓put[put]put[put]put[put]放下read[ri:d]read[ri:d]read[ri:d]讀set[set]set[set]set[set]安排，部署spread[spred]spread[spred]spread[spred]張開(kāi)，流傳，涂spit[spit]spit/spat[spit]spit/spat[spit]吐痰,shut[??t]shut[??t]shut[??t]關(guān)上,閉起,停止?fàn)I業(yè)2.ABB動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞beat[bi:t]beat[bi:t]beaten['bi:tn]戰(zhàn)勝3.ABA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞become[bi'k?m]became[bi'keim]become[bi'k?m]變come[k?m]came[keim]come[k?m]來(lái)run[r?n]ran[[r?n][r?n][r?n]]run[r?n]跑4.ABB（1）在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母d,t或ed構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞burn[b?:n]burnt[b?:nt]burnt[b?:nt]燃燒deal[di:l]dealt[delt]dealt[delt]解決dream[dri:m]dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt[dremt]做夢(mèng)hear[hi?]heard[h?:d]heard[h?:d]聽(tīng)見(jiàn)hang[['h??]['h?hanged/hung[h??]hanged/hung絞死，懸掛?]['h??]['h??]]learn[l?:n]learned/learnt[l?:nt]learned/learnt[l?:nt]light['lait]lit/lighted[lit]lit/lighted[lit]mean[mi:n]meant[ment]meant[ment]prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved['pru:v?n]shine[?ain]shone/shinedshone/shined[??un,??n]show[??u]showedshowed/shown['??un]smell[smel]smelled/smelt[smelt]smelled/smelt[smelt]speed[spi:d]sped[sped]/speededsped/speeded[sped]spell[spel]spelled/spelt[spelt]spelled/spelt[spelt]wake[weik]waked/woke[w?uk]waked/woken['w?uk?n]

學(xué)習(xí)

點(diǎn)燃,照亮

意思

證明,證明,試驗(yàn)

使照射，使發(fā)光

展現(xiàn),給...看

聞,嗅

加快

拼寫(xiě)

醒來(lái)，叫醒,激發(fā)

（2）把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d改”為“t”構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞build[bild]built[bilt]built[bilt]建筑lend[lend]lent[lent]lent[lent]借給rebuild[,ri:'bild]rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]改建,重修send[send]sent[sent]sent[sent]送spend[spend]spent[spent]spent[spent]開(kāi)支3）原形→ought→ought

動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞bring[[bri?][bri?][bri?][brought[br?:t]brought[br?:t]帶來(lái)bri?]]buy[bai]bought[b?:t]bought[b?:t]買(mǎi)fight[fait]fought[f?:t]fought[f?:t]打架think[[θi?k][θi?k][θi?k]thought[θ?:t]思慮,想[θi?k]]thought[θ?:t](4)原形→aught→aught動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞catch[k?t?]caught[k?:t]caught[k?:t]捉,抓teach[ti:t?]taught[t?:t]taught[t?:t]教（5）變此中一個(gè)元音字母動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞dig[diɡ]dug[d?ɡ]dug[d?ɡ]掘(土),挖(洞、溝等)feed[fi:d]fed[fed]fed[fed]喂find[faind]foundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到get[ɡet]got[ɡ?t]got/gotten['ɡ?t?n]獲得hold[h?uld]held[held]held[held]擁有，握住，支持lead[li:d]led[led]led[led]指引,帶領(lǐng),領(lǐng)導(dǎo)meet[mi:t]met[met]met[met]遇到sit[sit]sat[s?t]sat[s?t]坐shoot[?u:t]shot[??t]shot[??t]射擊spit[spit]spit/spat[sp?t]spit/spat[sp?t]吐痰,stick[stik]stuck[st?k]stuck[st?k]插進(jìn),刺入,粘住,win[win]won[w?n]won[w?n]贏（6）原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞feel['fi:l]felt[felt]felt[felt]感覺(jué)keep[ki:p]kept[kept]kept[kept]保持leave[li:v]left[left]left[left]走開(kāi)sleep[sli:p]slept[slept]slept[slept]睡覺(jué)sweep[swi:p]swept[swept]swept[swept]掃(7)其余動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞lay[lei]laid[leid]laid[leid]下蛋,擱置pay[pei]paid[peid]paid[peid]付say[sei]said[sed]said[sed]說(shuō)stand[st?nd]stood[stud]stood[stud]站understandunderstood[,?nd?'st?nd]understood[,?nd?'st?nd]理解lose[lu:z]lost[l?st,l?:st]lost[l?st,l?:st]失掉have[h?v]had[h?d,h?d,?d]had[h?d,h?d,?d]有make[meik]made[meid]made[meid]制造sell[sel]sold[s?uld]sold[s?uld]賣(mài)tell[tel]told[t?uld]told[t?uld]告訴retell[,ri:'tel]retold[,ri:'t?uld]retold[,ri:'t?uld]重講，重復(fù)，復(fù)述5.ABC（1）原形→過(guò)去式→原形+(e)n動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞blow[bl?u]blew[blu:]blown吹drive[draiv]drove[dr?uv]driven[driv?n]駕駛draw[dr?:]drew[dru:]drawn[dr?:n]畫(huà)畫(huà)eat[i:t]ate[et,eit]eaten['i:t?n]吃fall[f?:l]Fell[fel]fallen['f?:l?n]落下give[ɡiv]gave[ɡeiv]given['ɡiv?n]給grow[ɡr?u]grew[ɡru:]grown[ɡr?un]生長(zhǎng)forgive[f?'ɡiv]forgot[f?'ɡ?t]forgiven諒解,寬怒know[n?u]knew[nju:,nu:]known知道m(xù)istake[mi'steik]mistook[mi'stuk]mistooken弄錯(cuò);誤會(huì),overeat['?uv?'i:t]overate[,?uv?'reit]overeaten(使)吃過(guò)分prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved證明,證明,試驗(yàn)take[teik]took[tuk]taken['teikn,'teik?n]拿throw[θr?u]threw[θru:]thrown[θr?un,'θr?un]拋，扔ride[raid]rode[r?ud]ridden['rid?n]騎see[si:]saw[s?:]seen[si:n]看見(jiàn)