大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)2(第三版)unit3

ReturntoMenuPassageAPassageBUnit3PassageAThinkAboutItReadAboutItBeforereadingPassageA,describethefollowingpictures.1.HaveyoueverreadanyEnglishpublicserviceadvertisements?Canyouappreciatethepublicservicemessagestheyarepromoting?Yes,ofcourse.Forexample,Ihavelearnedfromoneadsayingthatdifferentkindsofusedcansandbottlesshouldbethrownintodifferentdustbinssoastohelpclassifythemforrecycling.NotonlydidImyselfdoso,Ialsoaskedotherpeopletofollowtheadvice.Reference:2.

Pleasegiveoneortwoexamplesofadvertisingslogansofpublicservice.Herearesomeexamples:“Smokingisdangerousforpeople’shealth.”“Forthesafetyofyourfamilyandyourself,drivecarefully.”Reference:3.Doyouthinkpublicservicecampaignsarenecessary?Explain.Yes,Ido.Theyhelpraisepeople’sawarenessofsomepublicconcerns.Forinstance,nowadayspeoplehavebecomemuchmoreconsciousaboutenvironmentprotectionandpublicservicecampaignsplayabigpartinit.Reference:ReadAboutItLanguagePointsContentAwarenessLanguageFocusReadingSkillsPractice

TheAdCouncilataGlanceYoumaynotimmediatelyknowusbyname,butyoudoknowus.For59years,theAdCouncilhascreatedtimelyandcompellingpublicservicemessagesforournation.Ourslogansandcharactersaremorethanmemorable―theyraiseawareness,inspireindividualstotakeaction,andsavelives.ThefollowingresultstestifytothepoweroftheAdCouncil’smessagestomakelastingandpositivesocialchange:SmokeyBearandhisfamouswordsofwisdom,“OnlyYouCanPreventForestFires,”arerecognizedby95%ofadultsand77%ofchildren.Launchedin1944,theSmokeyBearForestFirePreventioncampaignisoneofthelongest-runningandfamouspublicserviceadvertisingcampaignsinhistory.SincetheAdCouncilbeganits“FriendsDon’tLetFriendsDriveDrunk”campaign,70%ofAmericanshavetriedtostopsomeonefromdrivingdrunk.In1998,Americaexperiencedthelowestnumberofalcohol-relatedfatalities(15,935)sincetheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationbeganmaintainingtheserecords.Thetaglineisthemostrecognizedanti-drinkinganddrivingsloganinAmerica.TheUnitedNegroCollegeFundhasbeenremindingAmericansthat“AMindIsaTerribleThingtoWaste,”since1972.UNCFhasraisedover$1.4billion,andhelpedmorethan300,000minoritystudentsgraduatecollege.SincetheCrashTestDummies,VinceandLarry,wereintroducedtotheAmericanpublicin1985,safetybeltusagehasincreasedfrom21%to70%,savinganestimated75,000lives.Sincecreatingthecategoryofpublicserviceadvertisements(PSAs)in1942,theAdCouncilhasplayedanincreasinglycriticalroleinourchangingsociety.TheWarAdvertisingCouncil,aprivate,non-profitorganization,wasfoundedtorallysupportforWorldWarII-relatedefforts.

TheWarAdCouncilproducedPSAcampaignsthatraised$35billioninWarBonds,encouragedtheplantingof50millionVictoryGardens,remindedpeoplethat“LooseLipsSinkShips,”andrecruited2millionwomenintothejobforcethroughthepowerfulsymbol,“RosietheRiveter.”AftertheWar,thePresidentaskedtheWarAdCounciltocontinueasapeacetimepublicserviceorganizationtohelpsolvethemostpressingsocialissuesoftheday.Hence,theAdCouncilwasborn.TheAdCouncil’smissionistoidentifyaselectnumberofsignificantpublicissuesandstimulateactiononthoseissuesthroughcommunicationsprogramsthatmakeameasurabledifferenceinoursociety.Tothatend,theAdCouncilmarshalsvolunteertalentfromtheadvertisingandcommunicationsindustries,thefacilitiesofthemedia,andtheresourcesofthebusinessandnon-profitcommunitiestocreateawareness,fosterunderstandingandmotivateaction.Asthenation’sleadingproducerofPSAs,theAdCouncilhascreatedmorethan1,000publicservicecampaignsconcerningcriticalissuessuchascrimepreventionanddrugabuse,andhasbroughtissuessuchaschildabuse,recyclingandAIDStonationalattention.In1995,tomaximizetheimpactofallofthecampaigns,theAdCouncil’sBoardofDirectorsvotedunanimouslytoadoptanew,ten-yearinitiativetohelpAmericanswhocan’tspeakforthemselves―ourchildren.Dubbed“Commitment2000,”itsobjectiveistoraiseawarenessandstimulateindividualstotakepositiveaction,sothatournation’schildrenwillhaveabetterchanceofachievingtheirfullpotential.ForthepasttwoyearstheAdCouncilhasbeenfrequentlylistedasaTop25InternetAdvertiser,accordingtoNielsen/NetRatingsrankings,registeringapproximately11billionimpressionsin2000.Theorganization’swebsite,,featuresallofthecampaigns.TheAdCouncil’spledgeistoremaincommittedandvigilantinestablishingafootholdforpublicserviceadvertisinginarapidlychangingmedialandscape.SincethetragediesofSeptember11th,Americanshaveexperiencedprofoundgriefandimmobilizingfearthathasshakenbeliefs,threatenedsecurityanddeepenedtheeconomicdecline.TheAdCouncilreachedouttothefederalgovernmentaswellasimportantnationalnon-profitswithanoffertocreateandalsodistributetheircrisis-relatedmessagestomediaoutletsnationwide.Thesenewmessagesaredesignedtoinform,inspireandinvolveallAmericanstoparticipateinactivitiesthatwillstrengthenthenationandhelpwinthewaronterrorism.(685words)AdCouncil TheAdCouncilisaprivate,non-profitorganizationthatproduces,distributesandpromotesthousandsofpublicservicecampaignsonbehalfofnon-profitorganizationsandgovernmentagenciesinissueareassuchasimprovingthequalityoflifeforchildren,preventivehealth,education,communitywellbeing,environmentalpreservationandstrengtheningfamilies.http:///memorable

a.— whichisworthrememberingExamplesThiswasindeedthemostmemorabledayofmylife.Theexperiencewasmemorableforallofus.Ourslogansandcharactersaremorethanmemorable

—

theyraiseawareness,inspireindividualstotakeaction,andsavelives.MoretolearnInspire

v.— toencouragein(someone)theabilitytoactExamplesWeneedanewcaptain—

someonewhocaninspiretheteam. Successinspiresusforfreshefforts.Ourslogansandcharactersaremorethanmemorable—

theyraiseawareness,inspireindividualstotakeaction,andsavelives.MoretolearnIndividual

n.— person;anyhumanbeingExamplesTheindividualdoesn’tcountformuchinthesituation,thenationmustcomefirst. Thepurposeofthelawistoprotecttherightsoftheindividual.Ourslogansandcharactersaremorethanmemorable—

theyraiseawareness,inspireindividualstotakeaction,andsavelives.Moretolearntakeaction

— tostarttodosomething,begintoactExamplesThegovernmenthaspromisedtotakequickactionontheenergycrisis. ThepolicetookfirmactiontodealwiththeriotsOurslogansandcharactersaremorethanmemorable—

theyraiseawareness,inspireindividualstotakeaction,andsavelives.MoretolearnOurslogansandcharactersaremorethanmemorable—

theyraiseawareness,inspireindividualstotakeaction,andsavelives.Notonlyareourslogansandcharactersenjoyable,theyalsomakepeoplebeawareofsocialissues,takepartinandcontributetosocialactivities.我們創(chuàng)作的口號(hào)和形象不只是令人難忘，而且能引起廣泛關(guān)注，激勵(lì)人們采取行動(dòng)，挽救無(wú)數(shù)的生命。

ParaphraseTranslationtestify

v.— tobearwitness;serveasproofExamplesTheteachertestifiedtothepupil’sabilityandwillingnesstoworkhard. Herrealfacetestifiedtoherguilt.positive

a.— practicalandconstructive,thatdefinitelyhelpsExamplesHealwayshassomepositiveideasoncompanypolicy.Hetakesaverypositiveattitudewhencorrectingpupils’mistakes.launch

v.— togetstarted;setgoingExamplesThegovernmenthaslaunchedanewplantobuildmorehouses. Thefirmlaunchedthenewproductwithabigadvertisingcampaign.SmokeyBearForestFirePreventionThisSmokeyBear'sCampaignisanefforttohelpeducatepeopleabouttheimportanceofpreventingaccidental,human-causedwildfiresandtheireffectsuponlife,property,andnaturalresources.FriendsDon’tLetFriendsDriveDrunk

Thiscampaignfeaturesrealphotographsandstoriesofindividualswholosttheirlivesbecauseofalcohol-impaireddrivers.experience

v.— tofeel,suffer,orknowasexperienceExamplesSheexperiencedagenuinefeelingofquiethappiness.Ourcountryhasexperiencedgreatchangesinthelastthirtyyears.UnitedNegroCollegeFundhttp:///

UNCF’smissionistoenhancethequalityofeducationbyprovidingfinancialassistancetodeservingstudents,raisingoperatingfundsformembercollegesanduniversities,andincreasingaccesstotechnologyforstudentsandfacultyathistoricallyblackcollegesanduniversities.minority

n.— asmallpartofapopulationwhichisdifferentfromtherestinrace,religion,etc.ExamplesLawswerepassedtoprotectreligiousminorities.Membersof21minoritiesliveinthearea.CrashTestDummiesCrashtestdummiesaretestdevicesusuallyusedtorecorddataaboutsimulatedvehicleimpacts.VinceandLarryaretwocrashtestdummiesdevelopedbytheUSgovernmentagenciestotellpeopleaboutsafetybeltsandwhathappenswhenyoudon’twearsafetybelts.estimate

v.— toformjudgmentsabout;calculate(thelost,value,size,etc.)ExamplesShemadeplansandestimatedmeansandresources.Iaskedthreebuildingfirmstoestimatefortherepairstotheroof.category

n.— divisionorclassinacompletesystemorgroupingExamplesHelengroupsallpeopleintotwocategories:thoseshelikesandthoseshedislikes. Thisbookfallsintothecategoryofreferencebookrally

v.— to(causeto)comeorbringtogetherforapurposeExamplesTorallypeopleistobringthemtogetherforagreatunitedeffort. Thewholenationralliedtohelpthegovernmentwiththewar.TheWarAdvertisingCouncil,aprivate,non-profitorganization,wasfoundedtorallysupportforWorldWarII-relatedefforts.MoretolearnTheWarAdvertisingCouncil,aprivate,non-profitorganization,wasfoundedtorallysupportforWorldWarII-relatedefforts.TheWarAdvertisingCouncil,whichwasnotestablishedbythegovernmentorforprofit,wasaimedatencouragingpeopletosupportWorldWarII.戰(zhàn)時(shí)廣告委員會(huì)是一個(gè)私人建立的非盈利性機(jī)構(gòu)，成立的初衷是為與二戰(zhàn)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)募集資助。ParaphraseTranslationWarBondsWarbondsaredebtsecuritiesissuedbyagovernmentforthepurposeoffinancingmilitaryoperationsduringtimesofwar.VictoryGardensVictorygardens,alsocalledwargardensorfoodgardensfordefense,werevegetable,fruitandherbgardensplantedatprivateresidencesandpublicparkstoreducethepressureonthepublicfoodsupplybroughtonbythewar.LooseLipsSinkShipsConcernsaboutnationalsecurityintensifyduringwartime.WithGermanandJapanesesubmarinespatrollingoffU.S.coasts,greatemphasiswasplacedoneducatingservicemenandciviliansabouttheneedforsecrecyconcerningmilitarymatters,especiallytroopmovements.recruit

v.— togetsomebodytodosomethingExamplesThewartimegovernmentfirstrecruitedmen(intotheforce)fromnonessentialindustries.Thecoachrecruitednineboysforthebaseballteam.symbol

n.— asign,shape,image,orobjectwhichrepresentsaperson,idea,value,etc.ExamplesThelionisoftenusedasasymbolofcourage.Thedoveisthesymbolofpeace.RosietheRiveterRosietheRiveterisaculturaliconoftheUnitedStates,representingtheAmericanwomenwhoworked,sometimestookentirelynewjobspreviouslydonebymaleworkers,infactoriesduringWorldWarII.stimulate

v.— tomake...moreactiveoralertExamplesHewasstimulatedintogreaterefforts.Praisestimulatedthechildtostudyhard.TheAdCouncil’smissionistoidentifyaselectnumberofsignificantpublicissuesandstimulateactiononthoseissuesthroughcommunicationsprogramsthatmakeameasurabledifferenceinoursociety.Moretolearnmakea/thedifference

— toseeorshow(twothings)tobedifferentExamplesIfyoudosoitwillmakeagreatdifference.Theextramoneywouldhavemadeallthedifference.TheAdCouncil’smissionistoidentifyaselectnumberofsignificantpublicissuesandstimulateactiononthoseissuesthroughcommunicationsprogramsthatmake

ameasurabledifferenceinoursociety.motivate

v.— toprovidesomeonewithareasonorcausefordoingsomethingExamplesHewasmotivatedonlybyhiswishtohelp,andexpectednothinginreturn. Thesechildrenjustsitaroundalldaydoingnothing;theyneedsomethingtomotivatethem.concerning

prep.— about;withregardtoExamplesHewrotetomeconcerningabusinessarrangement.Thisis,Ibelieve,allthenewsconcerningthesociety.abuse

n.— wronguse;badorcrueltreatmentExamplesHerearesomerecentabusesoftheword.Childabuseisapunishableoffence.Aids

AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome(AIDS)isahumanviraldiseasethatdamagestheimmunesystem,underminingthebody’sabilitytodefenditselffrominfectionanddisease.adopt

v.— totake(anidea,custom,etc.)anduseExamplesIlikeyourmethodsofteachingandshalladopttheminmyschool. Congressadoptedthenewmeasures.speakfor

— toexpressthethoughts,opinions,etc.of...ExamplesSpeakingformyself,Ifindthehousingquitesatisfactory.Heisoldenoughtospeakforhimself.Nielsen/NetRatingsRankingsNielsen//NetRatingsaremeasurementsystemsusedtodeterminetheInternet

audiencesize.CompaniesaroundtheworldrelyonmediaandmarketresearchfromNielsen//NetRatingstomakebusinessdecisions.

approximately

adv.— verynear(to);verynearlyExamplesThereareapproximately50peopleattendedthelecture. Itisapproximatelyteno’clock.pledge n.— asolemnpromiseoragreementExamplesHewasunderpledgetospendthemoneyinthebestway. Hegaveapledgetohandletheaffairinafri