獨立主格結構和withwithout復合結構

獨立主格結構和

with/without復合結構一．獨立主格結構1.概念:

狀語有時可以由一個名詞或代詞和另一成分構成的復合結構擔任,稱為獨立主格結構。2.結構:

名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

這一結構在句中可以表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況。(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞)當分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時,分詞應有自己的邏輯主語,構成分詞的獨立結構。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時,常放在句首。

1.Thisproblemsettled,theyleftthemeeting–room.2.Thefilmbeingover,theaudiencewentoutofthehallonebyone.3.Timepermitting,we`llgothereonfoot.4.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead.

(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Heenteredthehouse,hisnoseredwithcold.

(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋（being)副詞1.Themeetingbeingover,ourheadmastersoonleft.2.Heputonhissockswrongsideout.(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeout.（Ⅴ）名詞／代詞＋介詞短語在這一結構中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是但數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.2.Flagonshoulder,thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(Ⅵ)有些獨立主格結構中沒有分詞，僅

在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語

的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在

“being+過去分詞”或“therebeing＋

過去分詞”結構中，being不可省。1.Breakfast(being)over,hewenttoschool.2.Therebeingnocauseforalarm,shewentbacktoherroom.二．With和without復合結構

with和without復合結構是:

with/without＋名詞／代詞＋分詞／不定式／形容詞／副詞／介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀與或定語。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。

Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。

Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。

Shesleepswithoutthewindowopen.(Ⅴ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。

__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介此短語。

1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.三．with和without復合結構

與獨立主格結構的轉化（Ⅰ）with和without復合結構與獨立主格結構在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。（１）作時間狀語

Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

（２）作原因狀語

Withthekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekey(havingbeen)lost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語

Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without復合結構可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結

構則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.

=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremain

C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because鞏固練習4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesports