高考英語閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的分類與解析

高考英語閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的分類與解析1編輯ppt

高考英語閱讀文章中往往會(huì)有一些長(zhǎng)難句，這些長(zhǎng)難句常常是考題所要考查的對(duì)象，也是考生理解文章的一大障礙。針對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句，要學(xué)會(huì)利用語法知識(shí)中的句法知識(shí)來理解，先判斷句子的主干部分，而對(duì)于句子的修飾、補(bǔ)充成分，可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再來理解修飾、補(bǔ)充成分。同時(shí)，句子中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)也是一個(gè)很重要的判斷依據(jù)，要充分利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符合，幫助我們判斷句子的主干和修飾成分。

根據(jù)長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以把長(zhǎng)難句分為：環(huán)環(huán)相扣式、并列式、插入語式和改變語序式。

2編輯ppt一、環(huán)環(huán)相扣式

這類句子往往有多重句子修飾成分，這些修飾成分往往用非謂語動(dòng)詞或從句充當(dāng)。在閱讀過程中，對(duì)于這類句式應(yīng)當(dāng)先找到句子的主干，然后再看修飾成分。二、并列式

有時(shí)候，一個(gè)句子會(huì)包含多個(gè)并列成分，如并列主語、并列謂語、并列賓語等，這些并列結(jié)構(gòu)往往有連詞連接。在解讀這類句式時(shí)，要注意利用連詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來判斷并列部分。

3編輯ppt三、插入語式

有些句子在中間會(huì)用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)分開，而處于逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容通常被稱為插入語。閱讀時(shí)，要先將插入語部分跳過，先讀主句，然后再讀插入語部分。

四、改變語序式

有時(shí)候，有些句子會(huì)使用改變語序的手段，主要以強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和倒裝來使句子復(fù)雜化。正確掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和倒裝語法是理解這類句型的關(guān)鍵。

4編輯ppt1.Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine，foundincocoa，wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine，whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment，“whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful(有害的)itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeand”thisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem，”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.53.AccordingtoProfessorBarnes，theobromine______.A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeineB.canbeharmfultopeople’shealth

C.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolate

D.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs

D5編輯pptTheirstudyfoundthattheobromine，foundincocoa，wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine，whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.譯文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳藥物，可是他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在可可粉中包含的可可堿，其療效又比可卡因幾乎高三分之一。

6編輯pptTheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscovery

couldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment，“whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful(有害的)itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeand”thisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem，”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.

在因特網(wǎng)上公布了他們的研究成果的倫敦皇家大學(xué)的研究員們說道：這種發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得·巴恩斯教授說道：“這種發(fā)現(xiàn)可能在治咳史上向前邁了一大步”。

7編輯ppt2.MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarth’ssurface.Itiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere，30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurface.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanet.題目:OnlyasmallpartoftheSun’senergyreachestheEarth’ssurfacebecausemostofitis__.A.absorbedbythecloudsintheloweratmosphereB.reflectedbythegasesintheupperatmosphereC.lostintheupperandloweratmosphereD.usedtoevaporatewaterfromtheoceansandlakes

C8編輯pptMuchoftheenergy

thatcomesfromtheSun

neverreachestheEarth’ssurface.It

iseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere.

來自太陽的大部分能量都不會(huì)到達(dá)地球的表面，這種能量或者被上層大氣中的氣體反射或吸收

9編輯pptOftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere，30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurface.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanet.

在到達(dá)低層大氣的能量中，有30%的能量被云層或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面溫暖。

10編輯ppt3.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300，000membersofKidsFACEworldwideandistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.(NMET2008山東卷D篇)72.KidsF.A.C.Eis______.

A.aprogramtohelpstudentswithwriting

B.aprojectoflitterrecycling

C.acampaignlaunchedbyPresidentBush

D.aclubofenvironmentalprotection

D11編輯ppt3.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300，000membersofKidsFACEworldwideandistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.

73.WhatcanwelearnaboutPoe?

A.ShewasawardedaprizeinBrazil.

B.Shedonatedbillboardacrossthecountry.

C.Shegotpositiveresponsesforherefforts

D.ShejoinedtheNationalParkService.

C12編輯ppt73.Theresponsetoherrequestforhelpwas

sohuge

thatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300，000membersofKidsFACEworldwideandistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.

譯文：人們對(duì)她請(qǐng)求幫助的反應(yīng)如此強(qiáng)烈以至于波建立了一個(gè)為了更潔凈環(huán)境的孩子的組織?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)組織在全世界有300，000名成員，并且它是世界上最大的青少年環(huán)保組織。

13編輯ppt4.Oneofthereasonsthatmadeitcoolforhimnottocarewasthepowerofhispeer(同齡人)group.(NMET2008遼寧卷C篇)

64.WhydidTomgiveupstudying?

A.Hedislikedhisteachers.

B.Hisparentsnolongersupportedhim.

C.It’scoolforboysofhisagenottocareaboutstudies.

D.Thereweretoomanysubjectsinhissecondaryschool.

C14編輯ppt4.Oneofthereasons

thatmadeitcoolforhimnottocare

was

thepowerofhispeer(同齡人)group.(NMET2008遼寧卷C篇)

譯文：對(duì)他來說，不關(guān)心自己的學(xué)習(xí)是一種酷的標(biāo)志的原因之一是受到他的同齡人的影響。

15編輯ppt5.Theendlesschoicegivesbirthtoanxietyinpeople’slives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople，endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway，orjustbuyinganunsuitableitem(商品)thatisnotreallywanted.(NMET2008重慶卷E篇)

73.Whydomorechoicesofgoodsgiverisetoanxiety?A.Professionalsfindithardtodecideonasuitableproduct.B.Peoplearelikelytofindthemselvesovercomebybusinesspersuasion.C.Shoppersmayfindthemselveslostinthebroadrangeofitems.D.Companiesandadvertisersareoftenmisleadingabouttherangeofchoice.C16編輯ppt5.Theendlesschoicegivesbirthtoanxietyinpeople’slives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.

譯文：無窮盡的選擇給人們的生活帶來了無盡的煩惱。買像咖啡壺這樣最基本的東西也不是那么簡(jiǎn)單了。

17編輯pptEasyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople，endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway，orjustbuyinganunsuitableitem(商品)thatisnotreallywanted.

對(duì)許多人而言，面對(duì)觸手可及的一系列的日常用品卻感到眼花瞭亂、不知所措，結(jié)果是購(gòu)物者只好放棄選擇、匆匆而去，或者僅僅買了一件并非真正需要的不合適的商品。

18編輯ppt6.Astheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren，sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers，”becausehersixbrothers，aswellasherfather，triedtocontrolher.Feelingshyandunimportant，sheretreated(躲避)intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading，shedidnotdowellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate.(NMET2008天津卷A篇)

36.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCisnerosinherchildhood?A.Shehadsevenbrothers.B.Shefeltherselfanobody.

C.Shewastooshytogotoschool.D.Shedidnothaveanygoodteachers.B19編輯pptAstheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren，sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers，”becausehersixbrothers，aswellasherfather，triedtocontrolher.作為家庭七個(gè)孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常有一種感覺，就是她擁有“七個(gè)父親”，原因是她的六個(gè)兄弟和她的父親都想控制她

20編輯pptFeelingshyandunimportant，sheretreated(躲避)intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading，shedidnotdowellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate.

由于羞怯和覺得無地位的緣故，她總是埋頭苦讀。盡管她酷愛讀書，可是在小學(xué)她的成績(jī)不佳，因?yàn)樗π叨荒芊e極地參與。

21編輯ppt7.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Or，insummer，theymaythinkitistheheat.However，therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.

44.Whydopeoplefeelsleepyintheearlyafternoonaccordingtothetext?

A.Theyeattoomuchforlunch.

B.Theysleeptoolittleatnight.

C.Theirbodytemperaturebecomeslower.

D.Theweatherbecomesalotwarmer.C22編輯ppt7.Theymaythinkthat

eatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Or，insummer，theymaythinkitistheheat.However，therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.

他們可能認(rèn)為吃午飯是他們困乏的原因?；蛘咴谙奶?，他們可能認(rèn)為是炎熱的緣故。然而，真正的原因在于他們身體的內(nèi)部。

23編輯pptAtthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.

在那時(shí)，也就是說，在你醒來大約八個(gè)小時(shí)之后，你的體溫開始呈下降的趨勢(shì)。這就是使你行動(dòng)遲緩并且感到困乏的原因。

24編輯ppt8.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills，whilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors(祖先)，amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt，accordingtooneresearch.

題目Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.YoungboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirlsB.MorewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskillsC.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.

B25編輯pptThesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefact

thatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills，whilemorewomenspeechskills.

大腦這些差異也解釋了這樣的事實(shí)：更多的男性從事空間技能的工作，而更多的女性則從事需要語言技能的工作。

26編輯pptItmayallgobacktoourancestors(祖先)，amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt，accordingtooneresearch.

這種現(xiàn)象也可以追溯到我們的祖先時(shí)代，據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究表明，在他們當(dāng)中，女性做的是照看孩子這樣的需要語言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩獵這樣的需要空間技能的工作。

27編輯ppt9.Inthosedays，IPrightswereeasilyprotectedsinceitwasverydifficulttoobtainintellectualpropertywithoutpayingforit.However，alotofIP，includingsongs，films，booksandartwork，canbedownloadedtodayfreeofchargeusingtheInternet.(NMET2008江西卷D篇)

69.WhatdoweknowabouttheInternetaccordingtothepassage?

A.ItmakesIPrightshardertoprotect.

B.Itsellssongsandfilms.

C.ItdoesnotaffectthewayweunderstandIPrights.

D.Itpreventstheproductionofartwork.A28編輯pptInthosedays，IPrightswereeasilyprotectedsince

itwasverydifficulttoobtainintellectualpropertywithoutpayingforit.However，alotofIP，includingsongs，films，booksandartwork，canbedownloadedtodayfreeofchargeusingtheInternet.

譯文：在那個(gè)時(shí)代，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)很容易受到保護(hù)，因?yàn)椴桓顿M(fèi)想得到知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是很困難的。然而，現(xiàn)在許多知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)包括歌曲、電影、書籍和藝術(shù)品通過使用因特網(wǎng)都可以免費(fèi)下載

29編輯ppt10.Thebusierweare，themoreimportantweseemtoourselvesand，weimagine，toothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamily，andtobeunabletofindtimetorelax—thishasbecomethemodelofasuccessfullife.(NMET2008湖北卷D篇)

74.AccordingtoParagraph4，asuccessfulpersonisonewhoisbelievedto____.

A.beabletoworkwithoutstress

B.bemoretalentedthanotherpeople

C.bemoreimportantthananyoneelse

D.bebusyworkingwithouttimetorest

D30編輯pptThebusierweare，themoreimportantweseemtoourselvesand，weimagine，toothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamily，andtobeunabletofindtimetorelax—thishasbecomethemodelofasuccessfullife.

譯文：我們?cè)矫Γ瑢?duì)我們自己而言，而且我們也以為在其他人看來，我們?cè)街匾Ｎ覀儫o空幫助朋友，找不到時(shí)間照顧家庭，找不到自己放松的時(shí)間，這已經(jīng)成為了成功生活的模式。

31編輯ppt11.Theresearcherssaidthatamongtheproblemswithsomeearlierstudiesisthattheyoftenfailedtotakeintoaccountthosepeoplemostatriskforskincancer—peoplewithfairskinandfreckles(雀斑)，forexample—aremorelikelytousesunscreen.Asaresult，itmayappearthatsunscreenusersgetcancermoreoften.73.Peoplewithfairskinandfreckles______.

A.seldomusesunscreen

B.aremoreindangerofskincancer

C.canbefreefromtheharmofthesun

D.oftenexposethemselvestothesun

B32編輯pptTheresearcherssaidthat

oneamongtheproblemswithsomeearlierstudiesis

thattheyoftenfailedtotakeintoaccountthosepeoplemostatriskforskincancer—peoplewithfai