初中英語閱讀技巧猜測詞意

初中閱讀技能訓(xùn)練--詞義猜測Howtoguessthemeaningofthewords?1.詞義猜測

詞義猜測題是閱讀理解的一個重要題型，主要考查根據(jù)短文已知信息猜測文章未知詞語的能力。詞義猜測有兩種考查形式：一種是選擇短文中某個詞語的英文含義，一種是選擇短文中某個詞語的漢語意思。

2.1.Acalendar

isalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.2.Imadesomecoffeebutitwashorrible.Infact,mysistersaiditwasundrinkable.3.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.4.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwastoo

faint

.5.Heisapunctual

boy,buthewaslatethismorning.6.It’sourdutytoprotectitandeverybodyhasrespon-sibilitytoprotecttheEarth.7.Landpollutioniscausedbysolidwaste,suchascans,bottlesandsomeplasticthingswhicharen’tbrokendownquickly.8.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thentherewillbeadrought.Guessanddiscuss3.

1.Acalendar

isalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.日歷起解釋說明作用Tip1:定義描述法：根據(jù)定義或釋義猜測詞義。Keywords:

1)is,mean,thatistosay…2)標(biāo)點符號:破折號、冒號

3)定語從句

Guessthemeaning4.

Heisadentist,thatistosay,apersonwhosejobistotakecareofpeople’steeth.牙醫(yī)起解釋說明作用即學(xué)即練5.2.Imadesomecoffeebutitwasterrible.Infact,mysistersaiditwasundrinkable.Tip2:構(gòu)詞法：根據(jù)詞根、前綴、后綴猜測詞義。

Keywords:

1)詞根2)前綴3)后綴drink喝-able可以的un-不

Guessthemeaning不能喝的6.Canyouguesstherightmeanings?粗心的不可能的誤解不同意超市不高興重建super-超級-lessmis-un-im-re-dis-無誤、惡不、非不再、反復(fù)不supermarketcarelessmisunderstandunhappyimpossiblerebuilddisagree-able能夠suitable合適的7.即學(xué)即練Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.

home—家-less否定后綴：沒有無家可歸的8.3.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.Tip3:同反義詞法：根據(jù)同義詞或反義詞猜測詞義。

作者可能會用一個近義詞或者同義詞去解釋另一個更難的詞，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近義詞往往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者同一段落中。

disagreeGuessthemeaning9.

Mr.

Whitelovestotalk,hiswifeisalsoasloquaciousashim.愛說話的，多嘴的同義關(guān)系即學(xué)即練10.4.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwastoo

faint

.因果關(guān)系

darkTip4:因果關(guān)系法：根據(jù)前后句因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。

keywords:(1)because(2)so(3)as,since,for

Guessthemeaning11.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.

useless因果關(guān)系即學(xué)即練12.

5.Heisa

punctualboy,buthewaslatethismorning.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系守時的Tip5:對比轉(zhuǎn)折法：根據(jù)反義詞或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測詞義。

Keywords:

but,however,although,though，while(然而),ratherthan,insteadof

Guessthemeaning13.

Hehadbeengettingbetter,however,duringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.惡化轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系即學(xué)即練14.

6.It’sourdutytoprotectitandeverybodyhasresponsibilitytoprotecttheearth.

并列關(guān)系責(zé)任Tip6:并列關(guān)系：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。

Keywords:

and,also,as…as,thesameasGuessthemeaning15.有害的即學(xué)即練Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.并列關(guān)系16.

7.Landpollutioniscausedbysolidwaste,suchascans,bottlesandsomeplasticthingswhicharen’tbrokendownquickly.舉例說明固體Tip7:舉例歸納法：根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出詞義。Keywords:

suchas,like，forexample,forinstance

Guessthemeaning17.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽即學(xué)即練舉例說明18.8.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thentherewillbeadrought.生活常識經(jīng)驗dryTip8:生活常識經(jīng)驗：根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，運用自己已有的常識,以及英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、社會生活等將生詞推測出來。

Guessthemeaning19.

Intheolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesplentyofdowry.即學(xué)即練嫁妝20.生活常識經(jīng)驗定義描述

構(gòu)詞法上下文同義詞反義詞因果關(guān)系對比轉(zhuǎn)折并列關(guān)系Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?舉例歸納21.Competition1

2

3

41001

2

3

412

3

4

1

2

3

4

20030040022.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.不誠實的23.2.Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsC.shoesD.books24.3.Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.

hot25.4.YuanLongping,thefatherofhybridrice,wontheWorldFoodPrizeonMonday.Yuandevelopedtheworld’sfirstpopularandwidelygrownhybridrice.Hybridriceplantscanmakemorericethantheonespeoplegrewbefore.A.雜交水稻B.玉米C.小米26.1.Therearesomeglaciers

movingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A雪山B樹枝C冰河D冰舉例歸納27.2.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，soIcanmakeittoo.

A.adishB.directionsforcookingC.amealD.directionstoyourhouse舉例歸納28.3.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplecareabouttheexploitation(開采)ofthenaturalresources,suchasoil.A.商品B.現(xiàn)象C.資源D.污染舉例歸納29.4.Manyvolunteersvisitedthe“l(fā)eft-behind”childrenwhoseparentsareworkingincitiesbeforeChildren’sDay.A.留守兒童B.孤兒C.殘疾兒童left-behind30.1.Studyingabroadbringsaheavyburdentothefamily.FormostChineseparents,thecostofstudyingabroadisveryhigh.Butisitworthit?A.任務(wù)B.負(fù)擔(dān)C.責(zé)任D.義務(wù)31.2.Didyoueverhearsomeonespeakofacatnap?Acatnapisashortsleep.Peopletakeitwhenthereisalottodoandthereisn’tenoughtimeforafull-lengthsleep.A.休息B.小睡C.睡覺D.做夢32.3.Ifyouknowhowmuchthepostage

isforyourletter,youcanbuystampsatanywindow.Insomepostoffices,youcanbuystampsfrommachines.Stampsaresoldatmanydifferentprices,fromonecenttomanydollars.A.郵票B.郵戳C.郵筒D.郵資post33.4.Itisnotonlydriverswhocauseaccidents,however.Peopleonfoot—pedestrians,andbicycleridersoftencauseaccidents,too.Pedestrianssometimeswalkoutintothestreetwithoutlooking.Youshouldalwayslookonbothsidesbeforesteppingintothestreet.Theword“pedestrians”intheparagraphmeans______inChinese.A.行人 B.徒步C.徒步競走D.常散步的人34.1.MissBakerwasawakedbyagreatnoise.Theirshiphitsomethingandstopped.Somuchwaterfilledtheship’scabinthatallthepeoplewereinafluster…A.慌亂中B.興奮中

C.迷茫中D.從容中35.2.Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicals

intheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆蟲).Therearealsomanybusiness-men.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_______.A.化學(xué)家B污染品

C藥品D.化學(xué)制品36.3.TenwaystocheerupFeelingalittleblue

?Herearetenfastandeasywaystosmile.PlayoutsideLeaveyourhouseandgooutside,becausesunandfreshairaregoodforyou.ExerciseWhenyouexercise,yourbrainletsoutachemical.Thischemicalmakesyoufeelhappier.Whatdoestheword“blue”inthefirstsentencemean?A.happyB.sad C.pleasedD.tired37.Onceyouhaveagoodidea,thenextstepisorganization.Thinkthroughyourpaperbeforeyoustart.Writeanoutline.Youneedtoknowwhatyourmainpointsarebeforeyoustartyourfirstparagraph.Use2—4mainpoints,oneparagrapheach.A.外形B.提綱C.中心D.總結(jié)38.Let'shaveanothertry!39.

AboutoneinthreeAmericanshasaproblemwithsleep.Manyofthesepeoplecannotfallasleep.Thenameofthisproblemisinsomnia.Somepeoplesay,“Ididn’tsleepallnight.”Butthat’snotreallytrue.Theymaysleeplightlyandwakeupseveraltimes.Inthemorning,theyonlyrememberthetimestheywereawake,sotheythinktheywereawakeallnight.江西省2010年中考真題78.Whatdoes“insomnia”meaninthispassage?A.NosleepB.BadsleepC.SlowsleepD.SleepwithmydreamsBCDA40.75.Whatdoesthephrase“apartfrom”inParagraph3mean?A.exceptB.asforC.aswellasD.besidesAsshegrewolder,sheacceptedwhoshewas.Still,shewantedtofindthemissingpieceofthepuzzle.Afterfindingouttheplaceofherbirthparents,IdawenttoKoreain2008.Whenshefirstarrived,shewassurprisedtoseesomanypeoplewholookedlikeher.However,apartfromherlooks,notmuchcouldbesharedwithothers.Sheknewlittleabouttheculture,food,especiallythelanguage.BeijinginKoreawasn’talwayseasyforher.江西省2011年中考真題BCDA41.Atonce,Lionpushedhisstrongshoulderagainsttherockstokeepthemfrommovinganyfurther.“I’lljustrunoverheretogetsomethingtostoptherocks,”shoutedJackalasheranawaytosafety.LionstayedleaningagainsttheunmovingrocksforquitealongtimebeforeherealizedthatJackalhadtrickedhimyetagain!江西省2012年中考真題70.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”leaning”mean?A.supportingB.sleepingC.runningD.sittingBCDA42.Homework

1.Gooverwhatwelearnedtoday.2.Finishadditionalexercises.43.Readingmakesafullman.Agoodreaderisagoodguesser.Enjoyreading!44.EnjoyEnglish,Enjoylife!Thankyouforlistening!45.江西省2009年中考真題Peerpressure.Weknowaboutit.Yourfriendswearcertainclothesorlistentocertainmusic.Youdon’twanttobedifferent.Soyoudothosethingstoo.74.Whatisthemeaningof“peerpressure”inthepassage?A.Youwanttobelikeyourfriends,soyoudowhattheydo.B.Youwanttobedifferentfromyourfriendsandclassmates.C.Youwanttogiveyourclothestoyourfriendstowear.D.Youwanttobuyasmanyclothesasyourclassmatesdo.46.江西省2008年中考真題Aresportsimportant?Mike(USA)Sportsbringpeopletogether,buttheydividethemtoo.Fansofdifferentteamsfightallthetime---theyshoutandhiteachother.Andhere’sanotherexample:Mybrotherplayshighschoolbaseball.Lastweek,histeamplayedanimportantgame.Atthegame,twoparentsfoughtaboutacall.Comeon…baseballisonlyagame!Sportsaresocompetitive(有競爭力的)thesedays.It’sallaboutwinning.Thenthegameisn’tfun.75.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“call”mean?A.DecisionB.TelephoneC.SuggestionD.Seat47.江西省2007年中考真題BritishworkershavethelongestworkingweekinEurope(歐洲),with23vacationdays--theshortestvacation.Sotheyfeeloverworked.75﹪saytheirweekendsorvacationsaretooshortand40﹪wouldsacrificeaday’spay(工資)foronemorevacationday.69.Whatdoestheword“sacrifice”meaninthelastsentence?A.Useup.B.Putup.C.Takeup.D.Giveup.48.TheBritishandAmericansmayusedifferenttermsformanythings.TheBritishusuallyusefootball,eraserandmailwhileAmericansprefertousesoccer,rubberandpost.A.成果B.學(xué)期C.會議D.用語生活常識