英語狀語從句的翻譯

ChineseRenderingofEnglishAdverbialClauses

英語狀語從句的漢譯AdverbialClauseofTime1.1ThereareadverbialoftimebothinChineseandEnglish,sometimes,adverbialoftimeinEnglishcanberenderedintoChineseoneTheironshouldbestrickenwhileitishot趁熱打鐵Ifoundhimmucholderwhenwemeteachotherforthesecondtime當(dāng)?shù)诙我娒鏁r(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他老了很多。直到黃昏時(shí)，他的小孩才回家。Hischilddidnotcomebackuntildusksetin

whentheyapproachedtrenton,

lightswerestillburninginmanyofthehousesandtheChristmaspartiesweregoingon.當(dāng)他們逼近屈蘭敦時(shí)，房子里仍然燈火通明，圣誕晚會(huì)還沒有結(jié)束。Weshalldiscusstheproblemfully

beforewemakethedecision.在我們做出決定之前，將討論這個(gè)問題。Whentheyanalyzedtheserocks，theyfound“shocked”quartzgrains—sliverswithaparticulararrangementofmicrocracksbelievedtorepresenttherelicleftbyanextraterrestrialimpact.

在分析這些巖芯時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)“沖擊”石英顆?！獛в刑厥馀帕械奈⒘芽p的薄片，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為他們是外層空間來的物體與地球碰撞留下來的遺跡。

Aslanddeveloped，rainwaterandriversdissolvedsaltsandothersubstancesfromrocksandcarriedthemtotheoceans，makingtheoceansalty.

在陸地形成時(shí)，雨水和河水溶解了巖石中的鹽和其他物質(zhì)并把它們帶入海洋，使海水變咸。

1.2Adverbialshouldbetranslatedaccordingtocontext

ThestorydatedbacktoonenightinMarch，1993

whenMr.andMrs.ShoemakerswenttoanobservatorynearSanDiego，Californiatoobserveheavenlybodiestilldawn.

故事發(fā)生在1993年3月的一個(gè)夜晚。蘇梅克夫婦到加利福尼亞圣迭戈附近的一座天文臺(tái)去觀測(cè)天體，直到黎明。

Somethingfurthermustbedonetotheamplifiedsignalsbeforetheycanbesenttothetransmittingantenna.

對(duì)于放大了的信號(hào)，必須作進(jìn)一步的處理后，才能把它們饋送到發(fā)射天線上去。1.3EnglishadverbialclauseoftimecanbetranslatedintoadvofconditioninChineseTurnofftheswitchwhenanythinggoeswrongwiththemachine.如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故障，就把電門關(guān)上。Abodyatrestwillnotmovetillaforceisexertedonit.若無外力的作用，靜止的物體不會(huì)移動(dòng)。

Wecan'tstartthejobuntilwehavetheapprovalfromtheauthorityconcerned.如果沒有有關(guān)當(dāng)局的批準(zhǔn)，我們不能開始這項(xiàng)工作。1.4SomeadverbialclausesoftimeinEnglishcanbetranslatedintocoordinatesentenceinChinese.Hecameherein1985,whenhewasonlyalittleboy.

他于1985年來到這里，那時(shí),

他還只是一個(gè)小男孩。（并列句）Theearthturnsarounditsaxis

asit

travelaboutthesun

地球一面圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，一面圍繞地軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。IwasgoinghomewhenImetMary.我正要回家，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，遇到了瑪麗。1.4SomeadverbialclausesoftimeinEnglishcanbetranslatedintocoordinatesentenceinChinese.Ihadbeenpuzzlingovertheproblemforoveranhourwithoutanyresult,whensuddenlysolutionflashedacrossmymind.這個(gè)問題把我難住了一個(gè)多小時(shí)，后來我突然開竅了，找到了答案。WhenItrytounderstandwhatitisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect，itseemstomethattherearetwocauses，ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.我想弄清為什么那么多美國人不像人們料想的那樣快樂，覺得似乎有兩個(gè)原因，其中一個(gè)比另一個(gè)深刻得多。

1.5AdverbialsclausesoftimeinEnglishcanbetranslatedintoadverbialsofreason,conditionandothers.

Onemustsowbeforehecanreap只有耕耘，才有收獲。Whenwindblowsparticleagainstalargerrockforalongertime,thesofterlayersoftherockareslowlywornaway.由于風(fēng)把沙粒刮起來，碰撞大巖石，久而久之，較松軟的巖石表層就會(huì)被慢慢地磨損。

Beforemannedspacecraftcouldbesenttospace,theproblemofgettingthespacecraftsafelybacktotheearthhadtosolved.為了把載人的宇宙飛船送到太空中去，就必須解決使飛船安全返回的問題。Notuntil

wehavedetailedstudiesofthepresentmovementoftrafficandhaveaclearideaofhowmanypeoplewishtotravel,wheretheywanttogo,atwhattimeofdayandhowquickly-Notuntilthen,canwebegintoplanapropertransportationsystemforthefuture.

只有詳細(xì)地研究當(dāng)前的交通流量，比較清楚地了解多少人想出行，要到哪兒去，在一天中的什么時(shí)候上路，希望以多快的速度旅行，只有到那時(shí)，我們才能開始對(duì)未來的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行合理的規(guī)劃.MoreexamplesWhen

the

levels

reached

6

percent

the

crew

members

would

become

mentally

confused,

unable

to

take

measures

to

preserve

their

lives.

當(dāng)含量達(dá)到6%時(shí),

飛船上的人員將會(huì)神經(jīng)錯(cuò)亂,

無法采取保護(hù)自己生命的措施

When

censorship

laws

are

relaxed,

dishonest

people

are

given

a

chance

to

produce

virtually

anything

in

the

name

of

“art”.當(dāng)審查放寬時(shí),

招搖撞騙之徒就會(huì)有機(jī)可乘,

在“藝術(shù)”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的東西來

When

tables

and

other

materials

are

included,

they

should

be

conveniently

placed,

so

that

a

student

can

consult

them

without

turning

over

too

many

pages.當(dāng)書中列有表格或其他參考資料時(shí),

應(yīng)當(dāng)將這些內(nèi)容編排在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?

以便

使學(xué)生在查閱時(shí),

不必翻太多的書頁This

happens

when

a

fact

is

discovered

which

seems

to

contradict

what

the

“l(fā)aw”

would

lead

one

to

expect.

每當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)事實(shí)使人感到與該定律應(yīng)得出的預(yù)期結(jié)論相矛盾的時(shí)候,

就發(fā)生這種情況.

Adverbialclauseofcondition2.1AdverbialclausesofconditioninEnglish,whichimpliessupposition,canbetranslatedintoadverbialclausesofconditioninChineseSometimesthisfall，ifallgoeswell，arevolutionarynewunderseavesselwillbeloweredgentlyintothewatersofMontereyBayforitsmaidenvoyage.今年秋天，如果一切順利的話，一只革命性新潛艇將輕輕在蒙特利海灣下水，進(jìn)行它的第一次航行。

Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor，itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.自由社會(huì)要是不能幫助眾多的窮人，也就無法挽救少數(shù)富人Theamountofdeformationisdirectlyproportionaltotheappliedstressprovidedtheforcedoesnotexceedacertainlimit.

如果外力不超過某一限度的話，那么形變量與外力成正比。Ifwinterishere,canspringbefaraway?

冬天來了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？Itwasbetterincasetheywerecaptured.要是把他們捉到了，那就更好了。Ifyoutellmeaboutit,thenIshallbeabletodecide.假如你把一切都告訴我，那么我就能夠作出決定。Youcandrivetonightifyouareready你今晚就可以出車，如果你愿意的話NodoubtIcouldearnedsomethingifIhadreallymeantto.毫無疑問，本來可以賺到一點(diǎn)的，如果我真有那樣打算的話。

The

first

two

must

be

equal

for

all

who

are

being

compared,

if

any

comparison

in

terms

of

intelligence

is

to

be

made如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話,

那么我們對(duì)所有被比較者來說,

前兩個(gè)因素必須是一致的（條件狀語從句

)

如果固體內(nèi)的分子達(dá)到一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度，固體就融化為液體。Whenthemoleculesofasolidmovefastenough,thesolidmeltsandbecomesaliquid.（時(shí)間狀語從句）如果有聲音，就一定有聲波.Wherethereissound,theremustbesoundwaves.不管你們這些人今天提出什么意見，從現(xiàn)在起，你們將有一個(gè)星期的日子是難過的.Whateveryoufellowsarerecommendingtoday,youwillbesorryaboutaweekfromnow.

只要我們堅(jiān)持改革開放政策，就一定能把我國建設(shè)成為強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義強(qiáng)國。Aslongaswesticktothereformandopening-uppolicy,weshallsurelybeabletobuildChinaintoapowerfulsocialistcountry.盡管她能言善辯，卻輸了這場(chǎng)演講比賽。Eloquentasshewas,shewaslosingthespeechcontest.如果管理得好一些，這塊地的小麥還可以長得更好一點(diǎn)。Givenbetterattention,thewheatintheplotcouldhavegrownbetter.由于他們的幫助，我們才提前完成了自己的工作。Thankstotheirhelp,wefinishedourworkaheadoftime.為了交學(xué)費(fèi)，他不得不在課余時(shí)間打工。Topayforhistuition,hehastofindsomethingtodoinhissparetime.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Whiletheprospectsarebright,theroadhastwistsandturns.打腫臉充胖子，吃虧是自己。Ifyougetbeyondyourdepth,youwillsuffer.狼披羊皮還是狼。Awolfremainsawolfeventhoughitisinsheep’sclothing.

Whenthisquestionisanswered,evenbetterandcheapermagneticmaterialscanbedeveloped。

如果這一問題得到解決，就能研制出更好、更便宜的磁性材料

Pluggedintotheintercommunicationsystem,themancannowcommunicatewiththerestofthecrew

nomatterwhat

noiseisgoingonabout

him.

不管周圍是多么喧鬧，插頭一接上機(jī)內(nèi)通話系統(tǒng)，他就能和同機(jī)其余的人通話。

Ifdevelopingcountriesfeelthatindustrializedcountriesaretryingtodivertattentionfromtheirproblemsbyfocusingontheproblemsofpoorercountries，thenweriskwrestlingendlesslyovertheseissuesratherthansolvingourcommonproblems.

工業(yè)化國家正試圖通過強(qiáng)調(diào)貧困國家的問題來轉(zhuǎn)移人們對(duì)他們的問題的注意力；如果發(fā)展中國家意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，那我們就會(huì)冒險(xiǎn)把這些問題無休止地爭論下去，而沒有解決我們共同的問題。

Astheelectroniccashisdownloaded，thecustomers‘bankaccountsaredebited，justastheywouldbeafteranATMwithdrawal.在電子現(xiàn)金下載后，客戶的銀行存款就記入賬戶的借方，就像在自動(dòng)取款機(jī)取款后那樣。

Ifyoumelttwoormoremetalstogether,youcangetanewmetal.

一起熔化兩種以上金屬，就可產(chǎn)生一種新金屬。（緊縮句）Inessence，providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation，anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares（subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft）實(shí)際上，如果一個(gè)公司的組織章程和（聯(lián)營）公司章程允許這樣做，那么任何公司現(xiàn)在都能購買自身股份（條件是至少剩下一位股東）。

只要我們堅(jiān)持改革開放政策，就一定能把我國建設(shè)成為強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義強(qiáng)國。Aslongaswesticktothereformandopening-uppolicy,weshallsurelybeabletobuildChinaintoapowerfulsocialistcountry.AdverbialClauseofReason

ItcanbetranslatedintoclauseofreasoninChinese

Itdoesn’tboil,despitetemperaturesreachingupto400degreesC，becauseitisunderterrificpressure.

盡管溫度可高達(dá)攝氏400度，水卻因?yàn)樘幱诟邏褐露粫?huì)沸騰。The

policies

open

to

developing

countries

are

more

limited

than

for

industrialized

nations

because

the

proper

economies

respond

less

to

changing

conditions

and

administrative

control.

由于貧窮國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)形勢(shì)變化的適應(yīng)能力差一些,

政府對(duì)這種經(jīng)濟(jì)的控制作

用也小一些,

所以發(fā)展中國家所能采取的政策比起工業(yè)化國家來就更有局限性.It

also

plays

an

important

role

in

making

the

earth

more

habitable,

as

warm

ocean

currents

bring

milder

temperatures

to

places

that

would

otherwise

be

quite

cold.

由于溫暖的洋流能把溫暖的氣候帶給那些本來十分寒冷的地區(qū)并使之變暖,

因此,

海洋在使我們這個(gè)地球更適合人類居住方面也扮演一個(gè)重要的角色.Peternevercaresforotherpeople’sinterestbecauseheisextremelyselfish.

彼得極端自私，他不會(huì)關(guān)心別人的利益。（并列句）ItcanbetranslatedintocoordinateclausewithoutrelativesAsfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,thefriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationship,theformalflowofinformationiscutoff.眾多家庭搬出原來穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)之后，離開交往多年的朋友，遠(yuǎn)離大家庭的其他成員，日常信息來源說此切斷。Adverbialofresult

You“jumponthebandwagon”whenyoudecidetosupportacandidatebecausepublicopinionstudiesshowheislikelytowin.

如果民意調(diào)查顯示某個(gè)侯選人很可能會(huì)取勝，因此你決定支持他，你就“跳上了宣傳車”。.For

example,

they

do

not

compensate

for

gross

social

inequality,

and

thus

do

not

tell

how

able

an

underprivileged

youngster

might

have

been

had

he

grown

up

under

more

favorable

circumstances.

例如,

他們(測(cè)試)并不對(duì)社會(huì)總的不平等作出補(bǔ)償,

因此,

測(cè)試不能告訴我們,

一個(gè)社會(huì)地位低下的年輕人如果生活在較為優(yōu)越的條件下,

會(huì)有多大的才能AdvofresultappearsattheendofthesentenceinEngandChinese.1譯成表結(jié)果的分句

他睡過頭了，結(jié)果上班遲到了。Hehadoverslept,sothathewaslateforwork.

那位女孩上個(gè)學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)非常勤奮，因此期末每門功課考試都獲得優(yōu)秀成績。Thatgirlstudiedverydiligentlylasttermsothatsheobtainedexcellentresultsinalltheterminalexams.Heneverplayedwiththechildrensothataquarreldidnotfollow.他跟孩子們玩耍，結(jié)果總是吵架。Thebookwasso

boring

thathegaveupreadingithalfwaythroug該書如此枯燥乏味，以至他讀了一半就放棄了。2譯成不含關(guān)聯(lián)詞但內(nèi)含因果關(guān)系的并列分Therearemanyfactoriesaround,asaresult,theairisseriouslypollutedbysmoke.這周圍有許多工廠，空氣受到煙塵的嚴(yán)重污染。Itwas

suchaterribleexperiencethatIwillneverforgetit.那次經(jīng)歷可怕至極，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記。Peteris

suchaniceboythatheislovedbyeverybody.彼特是個(gè)好男孩，人人都喜愛。Hesayscomputermanufacturersusedtobemoreworriedaboutelectromagneticinterference，sotheyoftenputblocksofmaterialinsidetoabsorbstraysignals.

他說過去的計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)商往往更擔(dān)心電磁干擾，所以他們常常內(nèi)置一層材料來吸收雜散信號(hào)。

Electricity

is

such

a

part

of

our

everyday

lives

and

so

much

taken

for

granted

nowadays

that

we

rarely

think

twice

when

we

switch

on

the

light

or

turn

on

the

radio.

電在我們的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要,

而且現(xiàn)在人們認(rèn)為電是想當(dāng)然的事,

所以我們?cè)陂_電燈或開收音機(jī)時(shí),

就很少再去想一想電是怎么來的.Thesetreesandplantsintheseaaresofarfromthetopofthewaterthatnoonecanseethem.海底的這些樹木和植物離水面太遠(yuǎn)，所以沒有人能看見它們。Adverbialofconcession

Althoughhumansarethemostintelligentcreatureonearth，anythinghumanscando，Naturehasalreadydonebetter.

雖然人類是地球上最聰明的生物，人能創(chuàng)造一切，但大自然更富于創(chuàng)造性。Though

the

cost

of

the

venture

would

be

immense,

both

in

labor

and

power,

many

believe

that

iceberg

towing

wouldprove

less

costly

in

the

long

run

than

the

alternative

of

desalination

of

sea

water.

這種冒險(xiǎn)的代價(jià),

不管是在人力還是在能源消耗方面,

都將是巨大的,然而,

許多人認(rèn)為,

冰山牽引最終會(huì)證明比選擇海水脫鹽法花費(fèi)要少.

Whileindustriallaserstodayaremostoftenusedforcutting，welding，drillingandmeasuring，thelaser’slightcanbeputtoamuchdifferentuse:separatingisotopes（同位素）toproducenuclearfuel.

雖然今天的工業(yè)激光器最經(jīng)常用于切割、焊接、鉆孔和測(cè)量，但激光可以用于與此迥異的用途:分離同位素以生產(chǎn)核燃料。

Althoughhumansarethemostintelligentcreatureonearth，anythinghumanscando，Naturehasalreadydonebetter.

雖然人類是地球上最聰明的生物，人能創(chuàng)造一切，但大自然更富于創(chuàng)造性。Therefore,

although

technical

advances

in

food

production

and

processing

will

perhaps

be

needed

to

ensure

food

availability,

meeting

food

needs

will

depend

much

more

on

equalizing

economic

power

among

the

various

segments

of

populations

within

the

developing

countries

themselves.

因此,

盡管也許需要糧食生產(chǎn)和加工方面的技術(shù)進(jìn)步來確保糧食的來源,

滿足糧食需求更多的是取決于使發(fā)展中國家內(nèi)部的人口各階層具有同等的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力Whether

the

characters

portrayed

are

taken

from

real

life

or

are

purely

imaginary,

they

may

become

our

companions

and

friends.

無論書中描述的角色來自真實(shí)生活還是來自純粹的想象,

他們都可能成為我們的伙伴和朋友.By

many

such

experiments

Galileo

showed

that,

apart

from

differences

caused

by

air

resistance,

all

bodies

fall

to

the

ground

at

the

same

speed,

whatever

their

weight

is.

伽利略經(jīng)過多次這類實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,

一切物體,

不論其重量如何,

除了因空氣阻力引起的差別外,

都是以同樣的速度落向地面的

AdverbialClauseofMotivation

以sothat,inorderthat,totheendthat,incase等從屬短語連詞引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，一般譯成漢語中相對(duì)應(yīng)的“為了”，“以便”，“以免”，“以防”等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語修飾語。同樣，漢語中這樣的目的狀語修飾語應(yīng)翻譯成英語的目的狀語從句。1譯成表示“目的”的后置狀語

You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou

incaseitrains你最好帶把傘以防下雨。Heisplanningtomakethisspeech

inorderthatwemighthaveabetterunderstandingofthevicissitudeoftheinternationalsituation.他打算做一次演說，以便我們能更好地理解當(dāng)今國際形勢(shì)的風(fēng)云變幻。為了擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面，你們除了學(xué)好規(guī)定的教材之外，還應(yīng)該閱讀一些與專業(yè)相關(guān)的書籍。Besideslearningtheprescribedtextbooks,youaresupposedtoreadmorebooksonyoursubjectinorderthatyoumayexpandyourscopeofknowledge.學(xué)生應(yīng)該背誦一些優(yōu)秀散文，以便奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的語言基本功。Studentsareexpectedtoreciteanumberofexcellentpiecesofprosesothattheymaylayasolidfoundationinlanguagecompetence.

AdverbialofMotivationForexample，afilmcanslowdowntheformationofcrystalssothatstudentscanstudytheprocess.

例如，為了能讓學(xué)生研究這一過程，電影可以放慢演示晶體的形成過程。

Theremustbedevicenon-linearityinorderthatsuchaphenomenoncouldbepossible.

為了使這一現(xiàn)象有可能發(fā)生，就必須存在器件的非線性。譯成表示“目的”的前置狀語

ThetravelplanwascanceledinorderthatthespreadofSARScouldbeprevented.

為了防止非典的傳染,

這次旅行計(jì)劃給取消了。

Inaddition，thecameramanmusthaveaknowledgeofcompositionsothatthearrangementofthepeopleandobjectsineachshotwillproducethedesiredeffect.

另外，攝影師必須具備合成的知識(shí)，以便安排好每個(gè)鏡頭中的人和物來達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。

Hesentabunchofflowerseachdayinorderthathecouldwinherlove.

為了贏得她的芳心,

他每天送她一束花。

3靈活地譯為表目的的句子有時(shí)也可根據(jù)邏輯意義和漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,將英語目的狀語從句與主句融合起來翻譯，譯為表目的的句子，包含“其目的是……”和“為的就是……”這樣的詞語。TheUNwasestablishedinorderthatpeaceanddevelopmentcanbepromoted.

創(chuàng)建聯(lián)合國的目的就是要推動(dòng)和平與發(fā)展。Welearnfromourpastlessonssothathistorywon’trepeatitself.

我們從過去的經(jīng)歷中吸取教訓(xùn)。Adverbialofmanner

方式狀語從句通常由as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)，往往位于主句之后，但在as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中，as-分句通常置于主句之前。在口語中可用theway(that)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,例如：Pleasedoexactly

asyourdoctorsays.

務(wù)請(qǐng)按照醫(yī)生的吩咐行事。Marydoesnotbotherabouttrifles

thewayhersisterdoes.

瑪莉不像她姐姐那樣關(guān)心雞毛蒜皮的小事。Allfolksongssoundasiftheycomefromthehearts..

所有民歌聽起來宛如人們的心聲。Thecloudsdisappeared

asifbymagic.

那些云團(tuán)消失得無影無蹤，如同被魔力驅(qū)散了。Asamansows,

sohewillreap.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。Asthetwigisbent,

sothetreeisinclined.上梁不正下梁歪。從以上例句可知，英語方式狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)可以是完整的分句，也可以是省略主語和謂語助詞的省略分句，翻譯起來比較靈活簡單。包含as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，用于書面語，其中大多是蘊(yùn)涵隱喻的諺語或習(xí)語，翻譯時(shí)一般采用漢語中相對(duì)應(yīng)的比喻性諺語或習(xí)語。AdverbialofplaceAdverbialclauseofplacecanbeputattheverybeginningorattheveryendingofasentence.

Whereyoufindhighwages,youwillfindhighprices.

哪里工資高，哪里消費(fèi)就高Wherethereiscleanairandwater,

therearepeoplewholivealonglife.

哪里有潔凈的空氣和水，哪里的人們就長壽。

哪里陽光充足、雨水頗多，哪里的田野一片綠色.Wherethereisplentyofsunandrain,thefieldsaregreen.

她不管走到哪里，總有成群的人們等待著見她.Wherevershegoes,

therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.Wherever

hehappenstobe,

Johncanmake

himselfathome.

約翰無論在什么地方都能隨遇而安，感覺像在家里一樣.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

有志者,

事竟成

Wherethereissmoke,

thereisfire.無風(fēng)不起浪。(有煙的地方就一定有火).Wherelobbyistsusedtoavoidnotorietyandpreferredtoworkbehindscenes,manytodayseekpublicityasausefultool.

過去，游說者往往避免出名，喜歡在幕后工作,

如今他們中許多人把拋頭露面作為一種有用的手段來追求。TranslatethefollowingsentencesSincemostTV“action-adventure”dramasoccursinurbansettings，thefeartheyinspiremaycontributetothecurrentflightofthemiddleclassfromourcities.由于電視播放的大多數(shù)“動(dòng)作片”、“冒險(xiǎn)片”以城市為背景，由此引起的恐懼感正促使中產(chǎn)階級(jí)逃離城市。Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess，itactuallyexiststofacilitatethepurchase，whileprotectingthecreditors（sofarascompanylawisconcerned.）雖然乍一看，這個(gè)法律似乎妨礙本來可能很簡單的程序，但實(shí)際上這個(gè)法律的存在卻使購買變得便利，同時(shí)（就公司法而言）也保護(hù)債權(quán)人。Whiletherecanbenoquestionofconsideringeducationinisolationfromscience，technology，cultureandinformation，asasocialpracticethatmayinvolveallthemembersofsocietyinonewayoranother，educationhasitsowncharacteristics.毫無疑問，我們可以脫離科學(xué)、技術(shù)、文化和信息，把教育作為以某種方式涉及社會(huì)全體成員的一種社會(huì)實(shí)踐來加以考查，但教育畢竟還有自己的特點(diǎn)。Liftsstoppedworking，sothat

evenifyouwereluckyenoughnottobetrappedbetweentwofloors，youhadtheunpleasanttaskoffindingyourwaydownhundredsofflightsofstairs.電梯停了，因此即使你幸而沒有被困在兩個(gè)樓層中間，你也得去完成一項(xiàng)不愉快的任務(wù)，即摸黑往下走百級(jí)樓梯。

Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared，ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceistobemade.

如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話，那么對(duì)所有被比較者來說，前兩個(gè)因素必須是一樣的。Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefuture

astheyhaveinthepast，givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.同過去—樣，將來必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Ifthesmallhotspotslookasexpected，thatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificidea，arefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.假如那些小熱點(diǎn)看上去同預(yù)計(jì)的一致，那就意味著又一科學(xué)論說的勝利，這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹說。Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians，modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其做出解釋。

If，likemostofmankind，youhavestrongconvictionsonmanysuchmatters，therearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownprejudice.如果你和大多數(shù)人一樣，迷信諸如此類的事情，那么可以使你意識(shí)到自己偏見的辦法是不少的。Everytime

youtrytoansweraquestionthataskswhy，youengageintheprocessofcausalanalysis—youattempttodetermineacauseorseriesofcausesforaparticulareffect.每當(dāng)你試圖回答一個(gè)問及“為什么”的問題時(shí)，你就是在進(jìn)行因果分析了。也就是說，你正努力尋找決定某個(gè)結(jié)果的某個(gè)原因或一系列原因。Whilenoteveryscientificfactisanumericalone，noreveryscientifictheoryapredictorofnumericalmagnitudes，somanyarethatwecannotconceiveofmodernsciencewithouttheprocessofmeasurement.盡管不是每門科學(xué)事實(shí)都是用數(shù)字來表示的，也不是每一條科學(xué)理論都是數(shù)字大小的預(yù)測(cè)器，但是用數(shù)字表示的是如此之多，以致如果沒有計(jì)量我們就不可能設(shè)想有現(xiàn)代科學(xué)。

Whereitisdrysomuchofthetimethatfewplantscanlive，thedestructivewatershavetheirownwaywhentheoccasionalrainscome.在長期干旱以致植物稀少的地方，偶爾降雨便會(huì)泛濫，造成災(zāi)害。Whatever

itsunderlyingreasons，thereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompanies，individualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.不論污染的根本原因是什么，毫無疑問，只要各大公司、個(gè)人和各級(jí)政府都能作出較大的努力，所造成的大部分污染是可以加以控制的。Now，commercialfarmershavebecomeincreasinglyspecialized

sothat

almosteverythingconsumedonmostfarmsisnowboughtfromoutsidesourcesratherthanhome-grown.現(xiàn)在，商業(yè)社會(huì)的農(nóng)民已越來越專業(yè)化，因而在大部分農(nóng)場(chǎng)消費(fèi)的幾乎所有東西現(xiàn)在都是從外面采購的，而不是農(nóng)場(chǎng)自己生產(chǎn)的。Hemadeawrongdecision,sothathalfofhislifetimewaswasted.他做了錯(cuò)誤的決定，結(jié)果浪費(fèi)了自己半生的時(shí)間。Thedifferenceissuchthatallwillperceiveit.差別這么大，所有的人都看得出來Shenevercomesbutsheborrow.她不借東西不來.Sheisnotsooldbutthatshecanread.他并沒有老到不能讀書。

.For

example,

they

do

not

compensate

for

gross

social

inequality,

and

thus

do

not

tell

how

able

an

underprivileged

youngster

might

have

been

had

he

grown

up

under

more

favorable

circumstances.例如,

他們(測(cè)試)并不對(duì)社會(huì)總的不平等作出補(bǔ)償,

因此,

測(cè)試不能告訴我們,

一個(gè)社會(huì)地位低下的年輕人如果生活在較為優(yōu)越的條件下,

會(huì)有多大的才能（結(jié)果狀語從句）

Electricity

is

such

a

part

of

our

everyday

lives

and

so

much

taken

for

granted

nowadays

that

we

rarely

think

twice

when

we

switch

on

the

light

or

turn

on

the

radio.

電在我們的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要,

而且現(xiàn)在人們認(rèn)為電是想當(dāng)然的事,

所以我們?cè)陂_電燈或開收音機(jī)時(shí),

就很少再去想一想電是怎么來的（結(jié)果狀語從句

）

Though

the

cost

of

the

venture

would

be

immense,

both

in

labor

and

power,

many

believe

that

iceberg

towing

would

prove

less

costly

in

the

long

run

than

the

alternative

of

desalination

of

sea

water.

這種冒險(xiǎn)的代價(jià),

不管是在人力還是在能源消耗方面,

都將是巨大的然而,

許多人認(rèn)為,

冰山牽引最終會(huì)證明比選擇海水脫鹽法花費(fèi)要少(讓步狀語從句

)

Therefore,

although

technical

advances

in

food

production

and

processing

will

perhaps

be

needed

to

ensure

food

availability,

meeting

food

needs

will

depend

much

more

on

equalizing

economic

power

among

the

various

segments

of

populations

within

the

developing

countries

themselves.

因此,

盡管也許需要糧食生產(chǎn)和加工方面的技術(shù)進(jìn)步來確保糧食的來源,

滿足糧食需求更多的是取決于使發(fā)展中國家內(nèi)部的人口各階層具有同等的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力(讓步狀語從句

)

Whether

the

characters

portrayed

are

taken

from

real

life

or

are

purely

imaginary,

they

may

become

our

companions

and

friends.

無論書中描述的角色來自真實(shí)生活還是來自純粹的想象,

他們都可能成為我們的伙伴和朋友(讓步狀語從句

)

By

many

such

experiments

Galileo

showed

that,

apart

from

differences

caused

by

air

resistance,

all

bodies

fall

to

the

ground

at

the

same

speed,

whatever

their

weight

is.

伽利略經(jīng)過多次這類實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,

一切物體,

不論其重量如何,

除了因空氣阻力引起的差別外,

都是以同樣的速度落向地面的(讓步狀語從句.)

Thesaddlesareeitherfurtherfixedsothatthecablesmayslideoverthem,ormountedonrollerssothattheymovewithanymovementofthecables.鞍座可以是固定的，這樣鋼纜可以在它上面滑動(dòng)，也可以安裝在滾柱上，這樣鞍座就會(huì)隨鋼纜的移動(dòng)而移動(dòng)。Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其做出解釋。Althoughhumansarethemostintelligentcreatureonearth，anythinghumanscando,Naturehasalreadydonebetterandinfar,farlessspace.雖然人類是地球上最聰明的生物，人能創(chuàng)造一切，但大自然更富于創(chuàng)造性，早已創(chuàng)造出比人類創(chuàng)造的更好更小巧的東西。Modernmeansofcommunicationaresorapidthatabuyercandiscoverwhatpriceasellerisasking，andcanacceptitifhewishes，althoughhemaybethousandsofmilesaway.現(xiàn)代化的通訊手段非常迅速，一個(gè)買主雖然遠(yuǎn)在幾千英里之外，卻能知道賣主的要價(jià)，并且如果他愿意的話，就可以接受這個(gè)價(jià)格。

Althoughthepowerofmantochangehisenvironmentisincreasing，owingto

bothexponentialpopulationgrowthandrapidtechnologicalchange，hisactivitiescannotbeseenasbeingimmunetotheinfluenceofhisphysicalenvironment.由于人口數(shù)量的幾何數(shù)增長和科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，盡管人類改變環(huán)境的能力也在提高，但人類活動(dòng)還無法擺脫自然環(huán)境的影響。

Once

afewparticleswerecreatedbyquantumfluctuationsoftheemptyvacuum，itbecameeasierforafewmoretoappearandso，inarapidlyescalatingprocess，theuniversegushedforthfromnothingness.一旦真空中的量子漲落創(chuàng)造出一些粒子，更多的粒子就會(huì)接踵而至，隨著這一迅速增強(qiáng)的過程，宇宙便從虛無中噴涌而出。

Although

atfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess，itactuallyexiststofacilitatethepurchase，while

protectingthecreditors（sofarascompanylawisconcerned.）雖然乍一看，這個(gè)法律似乎妨礙本來可能很簡單的程序，但實(shí)際上這個(gè)法律的存在卻使購買變得便利，同時(shí)（就公司法而言）也保護(hù)債權(quán)人。

SincemostTVactionadventuredramasoccursinurbansettings，thefeartheyinspiremaycontributetothecurrentflightofthemiddleclassfromourcities.由于電視播放的大多數(shù)動(dòng)作片、冒險(xiǎn)片以城市為背景，由此引起的恐懼感正促使中產(chǎn)階級(jí)逃離城市。SomeanalystsputapositivespinonapossibleClintonpresidency，expectinghim

ifelected

tofavorsmalltechnologyorientedcompaniesandsmallerenterprisesingeneral.有些分析家對(duì)克林頓當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)后可能帶來的結(jié)果持樂觀的態(tài)度。他們期望他一旦當(dāng)選，會(huì)支持重視技術(shù)的小公司和小企業(yè)。

Sobesurenottohavesleeplessnightsthinking

becauseyouhavesmokedafeworevenagreatnumberofcigarettesinyourtime，youareboundtogetthisillness，because

thatcertainlyisnottrue.所以，千萬不可由于抽煙或曾煙癮很大，而擔(dān)憂肯定會(huì)染上這個(gè)疾病，并因此夜不能寐，因?yàn)檫@樣的擔(dān)憂實(shí)在是錯(cuò)誤的。

Whiletherecanbenoquestionofcon