動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞

V-ing現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞的基本形式是由動詞末尾加-ing形式構(gòu)成，因此又叫動詞的-ing形式。V+-ing千萬要注意V-ing形式的規(guī)則喲！不能單獨作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語和狀語。還有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。

主語表語賓語定語狀語補語同位語動名詞

（極少）現(xiàn)在分詞

動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中能夠做的成分：時態(tài)和語態(tài)

類別

及物動詞不及物動詞形式主動被動主動一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneHavingdone作主語：動名詞Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.It’suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.動名詞作主語的形式主語句型1.Itisnouse/gooddoing….2.Itisnotanyuse/gooddoing….3.Itisworthwhiledoing….4.Itishardlyworthdoing….5.Thereisnodoing….6.It’sawasteoftimedoing….eg.It’snogoodtellingherallthetruth.It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Thereisnotalkingwhatwillhappen.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Itisworthwhiletryingthisexperiment.動名詞和不定式作主語的區(qū)別：eg.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.

Smokingisprohibitedhere.Tosmokesomuchisn’tgoodforyou.

動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為；不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。作賓語：動名詞Ihavejustfinisheddoingmyhomework.Isuggestedaskinghisbrotherforsomemoney.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Heisfondofplayingfootball.一.只接動名詞作賓語的常見動詞(短語)有:dislike,avoid,consider,finish,suggest,deny,imagine,risk,mind,keep,miss,enjoy,fancy,admit,delay,appreciate,practise,escape,can’thelp,can’tstand,giveup,putoff,feellike,succeedin,等MrsBlackmissedabeefbag.二.某些動詞接不定式與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別1)remembertodo記住要做某事

rememberdoing記得過去做過某事我記得在街上見過他。

Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet.

我想起來要給我父母親寫信。Iremembertowritealettertomyparents.2)forgettodo忘記去做某事

forgetdoing忘記做過某事我忘了去為她寄那封信了.Iforgottomailtheletterforher.我忘記了寫過那篇作文.Iforgotwritingthatcomposition.3)stopdoing

停止做某事

stoptodo

停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事請不要抽煙Stopsmoking,please.

咱們停下來休息一下吧。Let'sstoptohavearest.

4)

meantodo打算做某事

meandoing意味著……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.我打算趕上早班車.這意味著花很多錢.5)trytodo設(shè)法盡力做某事

trydoing試著做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.你設(shè)法盡力克服你的缺點.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.試著用另一種方法去計算這物理難題.6)regrettodo對要做的事表示抱歉或遺憾

regretdoing對已做過的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多錢.我很遺憾地吿訴你,你高考失敗了.Iregretspendingsomuchmoney.Iregrettotellyouhavefailedthecollegeentranceexam.三.allow,advise,forbid,permit+doingallow,advise,forbid,permit+sb.+todo

eg.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.四.need,require,want+doing(主動形式表被動意義)tobedone

eg.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.tobecleaned.五.addto,lookforwardto,leadto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,getdownto,get/beusedto+doing

六.love,like,prefer,hate,+doing表示一般傾向性.todo表示一次具體動作eg.IlikechattingontheInternet.Iliketogotothecinematonight.七.begin,start,continue+doing/todo區(qū)別不大.

如果談?wù)撘豁楅L期的或習(xí)慣的動作,常用doing.

eg.

Shestartsmakingpreparationsateighteveryday.Iwasbeginningtogetworried.Shebegantounderstandwhattheyreallywanted.Themeatbegantogiveoffabadsmell.八.Should/wouldlike/love+todo

eg.Thelittlechildwouldlovetobetakentothezoo.

作表語（1）動名詞Myjobisteaching.

=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞Theplayisexciting.

≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.

≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別:動名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容,回答what或doingwhat的問題.現(xiàn)在分詞作主語說明主語的性質(zhì)特征,回答how的問題.eg.Thefilmisveryinteresting.(Howisthefilm?)Hisjobisteaching.(Whatishisjob?)

動名詞和不定式作表語的區(qū)別：動名詞作表語表示一般或抽象的行為；不定式作表語往往表示具體的某次動作,特別是將來的動作時,多用不定式.現(xiàn)在進行時著重強調(diào)動作正在進行.eg.Heiscleaningthewindow.eg.Myfavouritehobbyispainting.Hisideaistogiveuptheplan.作賓語補足語：現(xiàn)在分詞Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的常見動詞有這些，看看有什么好方法可以將它們記?。簃ake、let、have、lookat、see、watch、hear、listento、notice、feel。“三讓,三看,兩聽,注意感覺”?，F(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補強調(diào)動作正在進行.不定式作賓補強調(diào)動作的全過程.Isawthegirlgettingonthetractor.

我看見那個女孩正在上拖拉機.Isawthegirlgetonthetractoranddriveoff.

我看見那個女孩上了拖拉機,然后把車開走了.Ismellsomething___onthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt

A⑴動名詞作定語表示性質(zhì)或用途。通常放在它所修飾的詞之前.awashingmachine＝amachineforwashingaswimmingpool＝apoolforswimmingThisisanewwashingmachine.作定語⑵現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單個分詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是現(xiàn)在分詞短語,就放在被修飾的名詞之后,相當(dāng)于定語從句.a

developing

country＝acountrywhichisdevelopingasleepingboy＝aboywhoissleepingChinaisadevelopingcountry.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.Themanwhowastalkingwithmyfatheris…作定語Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.作定語的v-ing形式表示的動作與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作不是同時發(fā)生時，要使用定語從句。V-ing形式的完成式一般只用來作狀語，不作定語。Attention不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別:主要表現(xiàn)在時態(tài)上不定式作定語通常指將來的動作.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在進行.

eg.Hehastwoletterstowrite.Doyouknowthemansittingatthedesk?HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_____foradegreeincomputerscience.A.studiedB.studyingC.tohavestudiedD.tobestudyingBI'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday’sChinaDaily.A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised

V–ing:主動，進行V-ed:被動，完成作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。表時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨（方式）等。Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.（時間）Beingill,hewenthome.（原因）Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)（結(jié)果）Hereadamagazinewaitingforthebus.（伴隨）

Seeingfromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.(條件）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語要記住:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,分詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語一致.

Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Beingill,shestayedathome.Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn’tlosehisheart.Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.Yesterday,Icalledyou,____yousomeinformationoncomputer.A.askedB.askingC.andaskD.toask2.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,__.A.anundergtoundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergtoundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlakeBD

現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別:

現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,一般表示顯而易見的結(jié)果.

不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示預(yù)想不到的結(jié)果.這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常位于句末,用逗號與句子分開.eg.Ihurriedtotheoffice,onlytofinditwasclosed.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語要記住:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,分詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語一致.但是當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時,分詞必須有自己的主語.eg.Weatherpermitting,we’llgototheGreatwall.Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.Theguesthavingleft,hebegantotakeashortrest.MissGaofallingill,MrWangtookherclassinstead.記住常見的非謂語固定用語1）judgingby/from根據(jù)……判斷

Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHubei.generally/strickly/broadlyspeaking

一般/嚴(yán)格/廣義說來

Generallyspeaking,themostimportantnewsisonthefrontpage.3)Takingeverythingintoaccount把一切都考慮在內(nèi)

Takingeverythingintoaccount,hisdecisionisnotsobad.4)talkingof談到，說道

Talkingofthefootballmatch,whichsidewon?5)notcounting不把……計算在內(nèi)

Thereareonly8applesleftinthebasket,notcountingthespoiltones.6)Considering考慮到

Consideringthebadweather,thesportsmeetwasdelayed.

時態(tài)和語態(tài)

類別

及物動詞不及物動詞形式主動被動主動一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneHavingdone如果分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行，就用一般式。

eg.Hearingthenews,shejumpedwithjoy.Theylefttheroomtalkingandlaughing.如果分詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前已經(jīng)完成，就用完成式。

eg.Havingfinishedmywork,Itookarest.Havingstudiedintheuniversityfor3years,heknowstheplaceverywell.當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者時，分詞用被動語態(tài)，如果要強調(diào)分詞的動作先于謂語動作，就用分詞完成式的被動形式。同時進行就用分詞一般式的被動形式。eg.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourbuilding.You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

Havingbeenshownthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.

Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmokjng.V+-ing

形式用法歸納現(xiàn)在

1、作賓補（能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞）分2、作狀語(與不定式的區(qū)別)詞

3、作表語(與動名詞的區(qū)別）

4、作定語（與動名詞的區(qū)別）

1、作主語(與不定式的區(qū)別)動2、作賓語（能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞）名

3、作表語(與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別）詞

4、作定語（與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別）V+-ing

形式用法歸納1、作賓補（能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞）

2、作狀語(與不定式的區(qū)別)

3、作表語(與動名詞的區(qū)別）

4、作定語（與動名詞的區(qū)別）

1、作主語(與不定式的區(qū)別)動2、作賓語（能跟動名詞作賓語的詞）名

3、作表語(與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別）詞

4、作定語（與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別）現(xiàn)在分詞PracticeTheoldfarmer________thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,________forhelp.supporting;calling

B.supportedby;calledC.beingsupportedby;called

D.beingsupporting;called

2.Thebravemandied,________hisyoungwifenothingbutabrokencottage.

A.left;

B.leaving;C.left;

D.toleave;

AB4.________hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.

A.Havingbeenworked

B.Nottohaveworked

C.Havingneverworked

D.Neverhaveworked

5.____theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.

A.Nopassing

B.Havingpassed

C.Notpassing

D.Nothavingpassed

6.Time________,Icanhavedoneitbetter.

A.permit

B.bepermitted

C.permitting

D.topermit

7.________,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.

A.Sincethekeyhaslost

B.Thekeybeenlost

C.Lostthekey

D.Havinglostthekey

CDCD8.___intomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.

A.Beingtranslated

B.Havingtranslated

C.Tobetranslated

D.Havingbeentranslated

9.___fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.

A.Havingblamed

B.Toblame

C.Beingtobeblame

D.Beingtoblame

10.________fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.

A.Suffered

B.Tosuffer

C.Havingsuffered

D.Beingsuffered

DDC11.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.

A.Judging

B.Judged

C.Tojudge

D.Judge

12._____withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,______histailtotherain.

A.Trembling;exposing

B.Trembled;exposed

C.Trembled;exposing

D.Trembling;exposed

16.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.

A.burnt

B.toburn

C.beingburnt

D.burning

AAD1.Nooneenjoys_________at.

A.laughingB.tolaugh

C.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed

4.—Whereismypassport?Iremember_____ithere.

—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember________itwithyouallthetime.

A.toput；totake

B.putting；taking7.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire___withgreatcare.A.lookingafter

B.tolookafterC.tobelookedafter

D.takengoodcareof

CCAC.putting；totake

D.toput；taking

1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveup B.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingup D.hisbeinggivenup2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarry B.hertomarry C.herbeingmarried D.hermarrying3.Shewassadbecauseof_____anychanceleft.A.therebeingnot B.therenotbeing C.nottherebeing D.therewasnot4.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynot_____atelegram?A.trytohavesent B.tryingtosend C.totrytosend D.trysending5.Thereisnochance_____himtoday.A.inseeing B.toseeing C.ofseeing D.aboutseeingP

P

P

P

P

6.Iknowyoulike_____.Wouldyoulike_____withmenow?A.toswim,toswim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,toswim D.toswim,swimming7.Before_____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingused B.usingit C.beingusedto D.using8.Togiveup_____means_____.A.smoking,stoppingsmoking B.smoking,tostopsmokingC.tosmoke,tostoptosmoke D.tosmoke,stoppingtosmoke9.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth_____asecondtime.A.toread B.reading C.toberead D.beingread10.“Whathasmadeyousoupset?”“________mynewbike.”A.Lost B.Becauseoflosing C.SinceIlost D.LosingP

P

P

P

P

11.Istillremember_____toBeijingwhenIwassix.A.totakeB.takingC.havingtakingD.havingbeentaken12.Someforeignerusedto_____ontheleftintheirowncountries,butnowtheyhavegotusedto_____ontherightinourcountry.A.driving,driveB.drive,driveC.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.Heremained____there,forhegrew____inmanythingsthere.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.tostay,interest D.stayed,interested14.Itisimportantforparentsandyoungpeopletolearnhowtogetthroughtoeachotheranddevelopskillinunderstandingand_____.A.beingunderstood B.tobeunderstood C.understand D.understood15._____moretreesisgoodforhealthanditisalsoimportanttostopwastefromfactories_____oursurroundings.A.Toplant,pollute B.Planting,topollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,pollutingP

P

P

P

P

16.Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcall C.yourcalling D.you’recalling17.Howaboutthetwoofus_____awalkdownthegarden?A.totake B.take C.taking D.tobetaking18.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”“Oh,Iforgot_____.”A.turningitoff B.turnitoff C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff19.“Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.”“That’sallright.”A.lettingyounotknow B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot D.lettingnotyouknow20.Ithappened______whenIleftthestation,soIhadtowaituntiltherainstopped.A.toberaining.tohaverained

C.torain

D.raining

P

P

P

P

P

21.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.Given B.Togive C.GivingD.Havinggiven22.Climbingmountainswas____,sowe