高考英語語法備考《代詞》ppt課件匯總

代詞Pronoun代詞的分類1、人稱代詞2、物主代詞3、反身代詞4、指示代詞5、相互代詞6、不定代詞7、疑問代詞8、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)主格I,you,he,she,itwe,you,they賓格me,you,him,her,itus,you,them人稱代詞一、人稱代詞的用法作主語用主格;作賓語用賓格。

SheteachesusEnglish.在單獨(dú)使用在沒有謂語的句子中時(shí)，用賓格作主語。

eg.A._Whowillgotheretofetchadesk?_Me.B._Ilikeher._Me,too.

作主語補(bǔ)語時(shí)用主格、作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)用賓格

Iwastakentobeshe.我被當(dāng)成了她。

Theytookmetobeher.

他們把我當(dāng)成了她。

2)在句中作表語，常用賓格。-Whoisit?-It’sme.

但是：有時(shí)也用主格：

a.IfIwereshe,Iwould’tgothere.b.ItwasIwhotoldhimaboutit.

.3）要注意這樣的句子意思：a.Ilikeyouasmuchasher.(我喜歡你和喜歡她一樣）b.Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.(我和她一樣喜歡你）c.Iloveyoumorethanhim.(我愛你勝過愛他）

d.Iloveyoumorethanhe.（我比他更愛你.）人稱代詞的順序：1）weyouandthey2)youhesheandI(但是:如果是承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)又將I放在最前面）3）heandshe4)如果比自己地位的人在一起也將I置前

另類用法：如果指心目中的人要用it_Whoisthere?_ItisLiMing.she通常還可以用來指國家，船只，大地，月亮，貓狗等，（在美國常用she指代狗，he指代貓）。1.Whoisgoingtohelpthem,_____?youormeB.IoryouC.youorID.meoryou

2.__willattendthemeetingtobeheldnextThursday.I,heandyouB.You,heandIC.He,youandID.You,Iandhe3.Who_____atthedoor?It’s____.A.areyou,IB.ishe,himC.isit,meD.isit,I

二、物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性my,your,his,her,itsour,your,their名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,itsours,yours,theirs1.Arethesetrousersyours?No.______areoverthere.2.Herhairismuchlongerthan____(我的).3.Thisdogof____(你)neverbites.(名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+相同的名詞）

Minemineyours三、反身代詞單數(shù)myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselves,yourselves,themselves反身代詞所搭配的詞組：1.byoneself獨(dú)自地（無人作伴）2.foroneself替/為自己，單獨(dú)地（獨(dú)自思考，不需討論）3.ofoneself自動(dòng)地，自行地，單獨(dú)地（無需別人幫忙）4.tooneself對(duì)自己5.inoneself本來，本身6.betweenoneselves秘密地benotoneself身體不舒服notlookoneself反身代詞的句法功能：1.作主語同位語位置可以緊跟在主語后面也可以放在句子最后末尾。Youcangothereyourself.Youyourselfcangothere.2.作賓語同位語Ioftenseehimhimselfcleanhisoffice.3.作表語4.作賓語（介詞賓語和動(dòng)詞賓語）5.作并列主語填空：用反身代詞（短語）1.Yoursisnotabadidea____________.2.Lauraisnotquite_________today3.Pleasedon’tcallonme.Iamnot_______today.4.WhatIsaidjustnowisonly_____________.5.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,youcangoandsee________________.6.Idon’tknowwhenthedoorclosed____________.

initself

herself

myself

formyselfyourself

ofitself

動(dòng)詞詞組：1.congratulateoneselfon暗自慶幸2.enjoyoneself3.expressoneself表達(dá)4.devoteoneselfto致力于,獻(xiàn)身于……5.dressoneself穿衣6.findoneself發(fā)現(xiàn)自己……7.helponeselfto隨便吃8.makeoneselfathome不要客氣9.hideoneself躲藏10.hurtoneself受傷11.loseoneselfin陶醉于12.keepsth.tooneself保守秘密13.seatoneself就坐14.leavesbbyoneself把某人單獨(dú)留下15.teachoneself,learnsthbyoneself自學(xué)16.applyoneselfto致力于17.contentoneselfwith對(duì)……滿意18.occupyoneself…忙碌于……

19.tearoneselfawayfrom依依不舍地離開20.makeoneselfunderstood讓別人聽懂21.cometooneself蘇醒22.calloneself自稱……one’sown/ofone’sown某人自己的Thisishisownhouse.（這是他自己的房子）Thisisahouseofhisown.（這是他自己的一棟房子）Thishouseishisown.（這棟房子是他自己的）四，指示代詞1.時(shí)空的差別（離我們近的就用this,遠(yuǎn)的就用that）Thisseatisherenearmeandthatoneisinthelastrow.

Whichwillyouhave,thisorthat？2.this和that在行文敘述上的差別。(下文要說的用this,上文已經(jīng)說過的用that)1）Ishallsaythistoyou:heisapoorman.2）Hewasill.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.3）Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturday.3.用于人物介紹Thisismyfriendandthatismystudent.4.電話用語_Whoisthat?（你是誰？）_Thisis…（我是……）5.相當(dāng)于so,“這樣，那樣”Canhardworkchangeapersonthatmuch?Sorry,Ican’trunthisfar?6.one/some/it

___Iwanttofindahotel.Isthereonenearby?___Yes,therearesome.Thebestoneisverylarge.___Canyoutellmewhereitis?7.some/certain/a(an)1)Some/Acertainboyiswaitingforyou.（有個(gè)男孩在等你）2)Some/Certainboysareplayingthere.（有些男孩在等你）3)XiaoFangisthere.（小芳在等你）4)AXiaoFangisthere.（有個(gè)叫小芳的在等你）

8.名詞的替代：(one,ones,that,those)1)Thisrulerislongerthanthatone.2)Theserulersarelongerthanthoseones.3)Thisrulerislongerthanthat/theoneonthedesk.4)Theserulersarelongerthanthose/theonesonthedesk.5)Thewaterinthisseaisdeeperthanthatinthatone.6)Thispairofshoesisolderthanthat(pair).7)Thispieceofpaperisnewerthanthat(piece).解析：1.一個(gè)名詞在句中第二次出現(xiàn)的話，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)用one替代(如1),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用ones替代(如2)。2.一個(gè)名詞在句中第二次出現(xiàn)且后面有定語的時(shí)候，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)用that/theone替代（如3），可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用those/theones替代（如4），不可數(shù)名詞只能用that替代（如5）

五，不定代詞

1.every/each（每）every只能用于三者以上,each沒有限制1)Therearetreesonevery/eachsideoftheplayground.2)Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.

2.both/neither/either/all/noneboth(只能用于兩者“兩者都”)neither(只能用于兩者“兩者中如何一個(gè)都不”)either(只能用于兩者“兩者中隨便哪一個(gè)”)all(三者以上“都”)none(三者中任何一個(gè)“都不”)1)Therearetreesonbothsidesoftheroad.↘2)Therearetreesoneachsideoftheroad.→3)Therearetreesoneithersideoftheroad.↗4)Allofmyfriendsaredoctors.5)Noneofmyfriendsaredoctors.

道路每邊都有樹。3.none/nothing的區(qū)別看看下面句中他們的用法，體會(huì)其不同含義1)Thereisnothinginmyroom,soIwanttobuysomefurniture.2)HowIwanttohavesomefurnitureinmyroom,butthereisnoneatpresent.3)Hewasveryhungry,buthefoundnoneinthecupboard.4)Hehasnothingtoreadtoday.5)Hewantstoreadbooks,buthehasnone.由上例句可見：nothing指沒有東西，none指沒有心中所指的東西或者前面提到的物。即:none=no+前面提到或者心中明白的那個(gè)名詞。6)Howcanyouhopeformercyifyoushownone?4.one…theother…（只能用于兩者）一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……1)Ihavetwosisters.Oneisadoctorandtheotherisateacher.2)Ihavethreebooks.OneisEnglishandtheothertwoareChinese.3)Shehasboughtfourcomputers.Oneisexpensiveandtheotherthreeareverycheap.

5.(三者之間）one…one…athird…one…another…athird…one…another…andstillanother…1)Hehasthreecoats.Oneisblue,oneisredandathirdiswhite.2)Theyhavedrawnthreepictures.Oneisahorse,anotherisacatandathirdisasnake.3Iknowthreeforeigners.OneisAmerican,anotherisEnglishandstillanotherisGerman.

6.(在一定范圍內(nèi)）（除去一部分人或物剩余的部分不是全部）some…others…（除去一部分人或物剩余的全部）some…theothers…（有的……有的……有的….）some…some…some…others…1)Thereare60studentsinourclass.Someareboysandtheothersaregirls.2)Thereare60studentsinourclass.Someareveryshortandothersareverytall.3)Whendoinggeneralcleaning,somearesweepingthefloor,somearecleaningtheblackboard,somearecarryingwaterandothersarecleaningthewindows.7.others除了上述短語中的用法，還有“別人”的意思。eg.Don’tlendmybookstoothers.8.another泛指另一個(gè)eg.1)Idon’tlikethispen,pleaseshowmeanother.2)Ifyouareunwillingtohelpyou,Ihavetoturntoanother.9.部分否定（不完全否定）All…not…=Notall…（并非都……)Both…not…=Notboth…(并非兩個(gè)都……)Every…not…=Notevery…(并非每個(gè)都……)1)Allisnotgoldthatgliters.(閃光的東西不一定都是金子)2)Allthestudentsarenotbusy.=Notallthestudentsarebusy.(并非所有的學(xué)生都忙)3)Bothhisparentsaren’tdoctors.=Notbothhisparentsaredoctors.(他父母親并不都是醫(yī)生)4)Everyboydoesn’tlikeEnglish.=NoteveryboylikesEnglish.(并非每個(gè)男孩都喜歡英語)將上面的句子改為全部肯定和全部否定：1)a.Allthestudentsarebusy.(所有學(xué)生都忙)b.Noneofthestudentsare/isbusy.(學(xué)生們都不忙)2)a.Bothhisparentearedoctors.=Bothofhisparentsaredoctors.=Eitherhisparentisadoctor.=Eitherofhis

parentsisa

doctor.(他父母都是醫(yī)生)b.Neitherhisparentisadoctor.=Neitherofhisparentsaredoctors/isadoctor.(他父母都不是醫(yī)生)3)a.EveryboylikesEnglish.(每個(gè)男孩都喜歡英語)b.Noneoftheboyslike(s)English.(每個(gè)男孩都不喜歡英語)9.與other有關(guān)常用短語theotherday(前幾天）someotherday(改天）otherthan（除了）inotherwords（換句話說）everyotherday（每隔一天）noneotherthan(不是別人/他物正是……)amongothers(此外還有，除了別的以外）otherfrom(不同于）10.與none有關(guān)的短語noneofone’sbusiness（不關(guān)某人的事）secondtonone（獨(dú)樹一幟，屈指可數(shù)）havenoneof不參加，不接受，不理睬benonethewiser不知情nonetoo(形容詞、副詞前）不太，一點(diǎn)都不11.幾個(gè)代詞+but的短語nonebut(=nooneexcept)

Nonebutmymotherfullyunderstandsmycondition.

（最了解我的情況的人是我的母親)

※nothingbut(僅僅，肯定，絕對(duì)）Heisnothingbutadoctor.

※

anythingbut(=notatall,bynomeans)Heisanythingbutadoctor.Thequestionisanythingbuteasy.allbut(=nearly/almostSheallbutfaintedwhensheheardthenews.（聽到那消息，她差點(diǎn)暈過去。）

.

注意下面三種完全的否定回答1）___Whoisintheroomnow?___Nobody/Noone.

2）___Whatdidyoudoyesterday?___Nothing.3）___Howmanybooksdoyouhave?___None.___Howmuchfurnitureisthereinyourroom?___None.六，與something/anything/nothing有關(guān)的短語

dosomething/dothings/takemeasures(steps)采取措施

donothing沒有采取措施domuch采取大量的措施dolittle幾乎沒有采取措施dowhat采取什么措施

havesomethingtodowith與……有關(guān)havenothingtodowith與……無關(guān)havenoreferenceto與……無關(guān)havemuchtodowith與……有很大的關(guān)系havelittletodowith與……幾乎沒有關(guān)系

havewhattodowith與……有什么關(guān)系

havesomethingincommonwith與……有共同之處havenothingincommonwith與…….沒有共同之處havemuchincommonwith與……有許多共同之處havelittleincommonwith與……幾乎沒有共同之處1)ifanything(如果有什么區(qū)別的話）You,ifanything,arealittlelazier.Herfamily,ifanything,isricherthanmine.2)ifany（如果有的話）Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.3)somethinglike(類似某人/某事物;近似于某人/某事物）a.Yourcoatissomethinglikehers.(你外套和她的相仿）b.Heearnssomethinglike3000yuanamonth.4)notmuchofa（不太好的）Heisnotmuchofadoctor.（他并不是個(gè)高明的醫(yī)生）

七，it的用法1.上文提到的事、物YesterdayIboughtabookanditisveryinteresting.2.心目中的人，事

_Whoisknockingatthedoor?_Itisme.3.時(shí)間，天氣，距離，溫度，環(huán)境等

1)It’sfivenow.2)It’s10milesfromheretothecenter.3)Isitverycoldinwinterthere?4)It’sminustwodegreescentigradetoday.5)Inmyhometownitisquietatnight.4.形式主語（代替不定式，不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或者從句）

1)It’shardforustostudyallthesubjectswell.2)It’sfuntoswimintheriverinsummer.3)It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.4)It’sawasteofmoneyyou/yourbuyingtoomuchfruit.5)It’struethathecameherelastweek.5.形式賓語1)（代替不定式，動(dòng)名詞或者從句）a)Wethinkithardtostudyallthesubjectswell.b)Wefinditnousestudyingwithoutgoals.c)Youmustkeep(it)inmindthatweshouldtryourbest.2)like/love/hate/appreciate/prefer+it+if/when/that…

a.Ilikeitifyoucancomehere.b.Iwouldappreciateitifyouaccepted.c.Ihateitwhenyouspeakwithyourmouthfull.3)have(表明,報(bào)道）take（認(rèn)為，猜想）put（表達(dá)，寫出來)+it+that從句。a.MayItakeitthatyouhaveagreedtostaywithus．b.Reporthasitthat10peoplewerekilledintheaccident.c.Asheputsit,sheisselfish.更多的例句：a)haveitthat…稱……屬實(shí)，說……是真的Rumourhasitthat…據(jù)傳……

b)takeitthat假定/假設(shè)/認(rèn)為Itakeitthathewon’tsucceed.

c)takeitfrommethat我敢擔(dān)?！?…肯定沒錯(cuò)Takeitfrommethathewillsucceed.d）putittosb.that…與……挑明/對(duì)……提出Iputittoyouthatyouareanidiot.(我給你說白了，你就是一個(gè)白癡)4)v+介詞+it+that從句

seeto(確保，保證)

eg.Pleaseseetoitthatthedoorisshut.dependon(指望)

eg.Don’tdependonitthatIwillhelpyou.

insiston(堅(jiān)持)

eg.Heinsistsonitthatshegotomorrow.swearto(發(fā)誓)

eg.IsweartoitthatIwillworkhardfromnowon.6.固定表達(dá)：1)Itdepends=Thatdepends.(看情況）2)beforesb.realized/knewit.（不知不覺的）3)Forgetit.（忘了吧）4)Guessedit.（猜對(duì)了）5)Gotit.（知道了）6)Ican’thelpit./Itcan’tbehelped.（我沒有辦法）7)Don’tmentionit.（不用提）8)Whenitcomesto…,…(當(dāng)說到……)9)makeit.（成功）makeitto（成功到達(dá)…..）10)takeit/thingseasy.（不要急，別緊張）11)Ifit’sconvenienttoyou,（如果你方便的話）12)Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn’tbeenfor…（要不是）13)believeitornot(信不信由你）14)takeitorleaveit.(要就要，不要就拉倒）15)Let’scallitaday.（到此結(jié)束）16)It’sadeal.（成交）7.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：

Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+…

?？紡?qiáng)調(diào)疑問詞疑問詞+isitthat+…（疑問句中）疑問詞+itisthat+…（賓語從句中）1)Pleasetellmewhen

itwasthatyouwereborn.2)Whenwasitthatyouwereborn?3)WhatisitthatyouoftendoonSunday?4)Idon’tknowwhatitisthatyouoftendoonSunday.8.容易與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型混淆的句型1)Itwas/willbe+時(shí)間段+before…Itwas3daysbeforehecameback.ItwillbelongbeforeIbuyacellphone.2)Itis/was+時(shí)間名詞+when…Itwasfivewhenhecameback.

Itis/was+時(shí)間狀語+that…Itwasatfivethathecameback.3)Itis/was+地點(diǎn)名詞+where…ItistheschoolwhereIonceworkedfor10years.

Itis/was+地點(diǎn)狀語+that…ItwasinthisschoolthatIoncestudiedfor3years.4)Itis/willbe/wasthefirst/second…timethat…(某人第幾次做某事)Itisthefirsttimethatyouhavehelpedme.ItwillbethethirdtimethatIhaveseenher.Itwas