高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練答案解析3

2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（12）PassageTwenty--Three(PopStarsEarnMuch)PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereported,for,likeRoyalty,popstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearancesinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendary:famousstarsenjoyedfame,wealthandadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday’sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle‘TopofthePops’isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal.Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don’tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency–oftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcerns–andthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcompletefailure.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed:theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That’stheessenceofprivateenterprise.1.ThesentencePopstars’styleoflivingwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyaltymeans_________.A.theirlifewasasluxuriousasthatofroyalty.B.Theyenjoywhatonceonlybelongedtotheroyalty.C.Theyareratherrich.D.Theirwayoflivingwasthesameasthatoftheroyalty.2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtopstars’highincome?A.Approval.B.Disapproval.C.Ironical.D.Critical.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage_________.A.thereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetop.B.peopleareblindinidolizingstars.C.successfulPopstarsgivegreatentertainment.D.thetaxtheyhavepaidaregreat.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Successfulmanshouldgethigh-incomerepayment.B.Popstarsmadegreatcontributiontoacountry.C.Popstarscanenjoythelifeofroyalty.D.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.5.Whichparagraphcoversthemainidea?A.Thefirst.B.Thesecond.C.Thethird.D.Thefourth.Vocabulary

權(quán)力，（尤指）特權(quán)

受雇開車人，（尤指富人、要人的）司機(jī)

隨行人員，伴隨者，近侍；建筑物周圍

龐大的，天文的

奉承

灌音

巨大的

國庫，財源

ExchequerBond國庫債券

感到不快/不滿，忌妒

平淡的，單調(diào)的

呻吟聲

moanabout

發(fā)牢騷難句譯注prerogativeofRoyalty或theroyalprerogative皇家的特權(quán)（在英國指國王名義上享有不經(jīng)議會認(rèn)可而采取行動的權(quán)力）。2.Peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】turnout露面、集合、出席。EX:Avastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.大批觀眾到場觀看比賽。【參考譯文】成千上萬的人們出來歡迎他們。3.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendry.【參考譯文】好萊塢鼎盛時期成了神話。4.Bytoday’sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.【參考譯文】按今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，好萊塢的奢華（過分的行為）似乎并不那么引人注目。5.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.【參考譯文】今天單張錄音唱片掙的版稅要比過去一步電影還要多得多。寫作方法與文章大意作者以對比、因果寫作手法，寫出歌星享受者貴族般生活方式，出門受千萬人群歡迎，出入高級車、機(jī)，身后保鏢、經(jīng)紀(jì)人、新聞記者，來去都有報道，這一切是社會對高級演員的慷慨贈予。公司的高級人員享受高薪，歌星也應(yīng)享受。再則頂尖歌星冒有很大風(fēng)險。答案詳解他們享受一度只屬于貴族享用的一切。第一段集中談了這些：他們走到哪里，成千上萬人們出來歡迎，卻中發(fā)瘋地要看一眼穿著花哨的偶像的笑容。這些歌星坐著司機(jī)開動的Rolls-Royces汽車、私人直升飛機(jī)，高級長官飛機(jī)到處走，永遠(yuǎn)圍著一批經(jīng)紀(jì)人、報界記者和保鏢隨從人員。他們的照片定期登在報刊上，因為歌星像貴族一樣是新聞人物。A.他們的生活和貴族一樣奢侈。C.他們很富。D.他們的生活方式和貴族生活方式一個樣。贊成。在第一段最后一句：“他們?yōu)樗麄兊臓奚@取的報酬難以計算，支付率驚人?！钡诙我婚_始就點(diǎn)明“為什么不驚人？社會對高級表演者總是慷慨解囊。好萊塢的鼎盛時期名揚(yáng)天下，著名歌星先手空前絕后的名、利、奉承?！钡谌胃鞔_指出：應(yīng)該這樣支付星族，這完全正確。企業(yè)中的頂尖人物因為他們?yōu)楣竞蛧宜鞯囊磺胁灰矑甑酶哳~工資？稅務(wù)員應(yīng)感謝他們每年為國庫做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。所以誰會忌妒他們的報酬呢？最后一段進(jìn)一步說明：欲成為星族的人冒著很大的風(fēng)險，誰都知道只有一小撮人能成為頂尖人物，也可能多年的努力以徹底失敗而告終，而成功的報酬確實(shí)很高，這是對他們冒險的補(bǔ)償。這些內(nèi)容都說明作者贊成巨額報酬。A.不同意。C.諷刺的。D.批評的。在攀登頂峰中存在著激烈的競爭。這在第三段最后一句明確指出：獲取頂尖的流行歌星的稱號競爭激烈，但其報酬確實(shí)驚人。最后一段的風(fēng)險說。還有最后一段第二句：說忌妒話的人應(yīng)記?。鹤钣忻男亲宕淼闹皇潜街畮p――人極少。每個成名的歌星身后就有成千上百個其他歌者為生存而奮斗。這都說明“競爭激烈”。B.人們盲目崇拜偶像歌星。C.成功的流行歌星演出給人極大的享受。D.他們支付的稅收巨大。成功者只是冰山的頂尖――少極了。A.成功的人應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得高收入。B.流行歌星對國家做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)。C.流行歌星能享受貴族生活。第四段。主旨句是倒數(shù)第一、二句，成功的報酬確實(shí)很高，這是對其高度風(fēng)險的還報補(bǔ)償，如果他成功了，他肯定掙得多。那就是私人事業(yè)的根本/本質(zhì)。A.第一段。這段之對比了貴族和歌星的生活方式。B.第二段。這段講了掙得多，但競爭激烈。C.第三段。歌星和企業(yè)頂尖人物對比。PassageTwenty--Four(ExaminationsExertaPerniciousInfluenceonEducation)

Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears;educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude.

Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs’:youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?

Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.

Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer’s.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:‘Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.’1.Themainideaofthispassageis______.A.examinationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducation.B.examinationsareineffective.C.examinationsareprofitableforinstitutions.D.examinationsareaburdenonstudents.2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardexaminationsis______.A.detest.B.approval.C.critical.D.indifferent.3.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby______.A.education.B.institutions.C.examinations.D.studentsthemselves.4.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis______.A.toencouragestudentstoreadwidely.B.totrainstudentstothinkontheirown.C.toteachstudentshowtotackleexams.D.tomasterhisfate.5.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt?A.Giveanexample.B.Forcomparison.C.Itshowsthatteachers’evolutionsdependontheresultsofexaminations.D.Itshowstheresultsofcourtismoreeffective.Vocabulary

有害的，惡性的，破壞性的

竅門，訣竅

乘船，登記off

勾銷，注銷。確認(rèn)某食物已損失或無效

教學(xué)大綱

塞入，把某物塞進(jìn)，突擊式學(xué)習(xí)（尤指應(yīng)考），以注入方式教人

威脅，逼迫

堆，垛

寫/畫（的內(nèi)容不工整，不仔細(xì)）潦草的筆跡，七扭八歪的字

講稿，劇本，腳本，筆試答卷

憤世嫉俗的，自私得為人不齒的down

熬濃，濃縮，歸納難句譯注1.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.【參考譯文】盡管所有那些虔誠的說法說考試能測定你所知道的東西，但其結(jié)果常常是適得其反，這是眾所周之的常識。2.Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】secondtonone固定搭配，義：不亞于任何人或事物。【參考譯文】（測）考試作為憂慮的制造者，真是出類拔萃。3.inducecramming誘人采用突擊式學(xué)習(xí)方式。Cram盡力塞入，應(yīng)試突擊學(xué)習(xí)。EX:cramforachemistrytest.為應(yīng)付化學(xué)考試而臨時抱佛腳。Crampupils以填鴨式教學(xué)生。4.Yetyouhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.【參考譯文】他們不得不在限定的時間內(nèi)，給一大堆匆忙涂寫而成的筆試答卷批分。5.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.【參考譯文】可他們的話/文字（這里指分?jǐn)?shù)）有份量（有影響）。6.

Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.【參考譯文】這就是最終分析所歸納的一切。寫作方法與文章大意

這是一篇類似分類寫作的文章