閱讀理解5（例子題觀點題檢查與蒙題大法） 【思維導圖+ 體系建構+遷移運用】 高中英語語法 滿分突破與題型鞏固拓展

思維導圖破解高中英語

第25講例子題，觀點題，檢查與蒙題大法學霸推薦例子題，觀點題，檢查與蒙題大法高中閱讀理解優(yōu)秀同齡人的陪伴讓你的青春少走彎路使用說明-內(nèi)容說明閱讀理解1.例子題2.推斷題3.檢查與蒙題大法CONTENTS12構建知識圖利用導圖解題3復習練習構建思維導圖幫你快速了解本節(jié)課主題，清楚注意事項，對學習收獲了然于心PART1DREAMOFTHEFUTURE思維導圖體系例子題、推斷題、檢查與蒙題大法的基礎知識PART2DREAMOFTHEFUTURE（一）例子題1、例子題的判斷方法作者提及或引用這個例子，想說明什么,想證明什么？作者為什么提到......說到......核心詞：example，illustrate，mention...show，cite2、例子題解題技巧【解題原理】論據(jù)證明論點（即例子證明中心），找到這個例子的論點就是正確答案了。例子題解題方法

“位置嘗試法”：根據(jù)例子的起始位置，找答案（即論點）的位置。第1步：判斷例子的起始位置。（例子是一句話，幾句話，甚至一整段，都有可能。）第2步：判斷答案的位置。①首先在例子的前1句和后1句找。（翻譯這兩個句子，如果是答案，就看選項做題，如果不是，擴大搜索范圍，看第②步）【注意】由于例子的起始位置不同，找到的例子的前1句和后1句，可能會跑到前一段或后一段了，這是允許的。②找例子所在段落或相鄰段落的中心句。（然后選答案）③如果段落中心句不好用，就直接看整文章的主旨。（然后選答案）2018北京卷MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".

TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s.Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.2018浙江卷In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.

Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.

DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress

.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature（二）觀點題1、觀點態(tài)度題的判定常問作者對某事是什么態(tài)度：主觀（subjective）還是客觀（objecfive）;肯定（positive）還是否定（negative）;贊成（approval）還是反對（oppsition）等等。觀點態(tài)度題的兩種考法情況一：對主題的觀點態(tài)度情況二：對具體某事物的觀點態(tài)度（1）情況一：對主題的觀點態(tài)度（☆☆☆☆☆）如：（2017全國2卷）Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.方法：用主旨題的方法。①文章主旨快速定位：最后一段中心句or最后一段最后一句。②通過形容詞、副詞或動詞，情態(tài)動詞等，確定作者的態(tài)度（2）情況二：對具體某事物的觀點態(tài)度如：（2018天津卷）Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled. B.Concerned. C.Frightened. D.Delighted.方法：用細節(jié)題的方法。①題干定位②文中定位③分析選項，確定答案3、觀點態(tài)度題的干擾選項在歷年的態(tài)度題中，當提到作者的態(tài)度時候，下列的觀點往往扮演著干擾選項的作用。可以快速排除。不感興趣類：uninterested、unconcerned、indifferent、uncaring不知所措類：confused、puzzled主觀偏激類：biased、prejudice、subjective【注意】僅限于對文章主題的觀點態(tài)度?！驹颉孔髡呒热灰呀?jīng)對這個主題進行了敘述，作者不可能認為自己是“偏激的”，是“不知所措的”，既然敘述了這個主題，也絕對不可能是“不感興趣”。2017年全國三卷

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually

displaced

byhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（來源）forthewolf—

grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.（三）檢查與蒙題大法檢查的錯誤做法：重新讀一遍文章。出現(xiàn)“對的答案，后來改錯了”的概率大。檢查的正確做法：立即檢查或者跳出文章檢查。檢查與蒙題大法的正確觀念1.會做的題目用這些方法檢查。檢查效率和正確率會大大提高。（即用常規(guī)方法解題，用檢查大法來檢查答案。）2.不會做題目用來蒙題，至少比瞎蒙強。3.這些方法往往只能排除選項，而不能一步到位得到正確選項。4.這些方法如果能疊加使用，正確率也會提高。5.提高對選項的“敏感度”，是使用這些方法的關鍵。1、情態(tài)動詞①絕對詞否決法：答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。②選項中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。2018全國二卷C篇Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality. B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth. D.E-readersareexpensive.BC選項中有情態(tài)動詞，正確答案指B或C中選。2、價值觀問題。（立德樹人）2018全國二卷C篇Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthentowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.根據(jù)價值觀——立德樹人，選項D是可以排除的，選項A的可能性最大。3、聯(lián)鎖答案檢查法2017年全國三卷D篇32.WhatisthepurposeoftheDrivelAB?A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.C.Tofindoutolderdriver`sproblems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.33.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?34.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnewModelElectricCar B.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemC.DrivingServiceforelders D.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad分析：根據(jù)33和34題，都反復提到了oldpeople和olderdrivers，以及driving和driver可以推測，本文章的主題與“車、老人”有關。所以，35題可以在C、D中選擇。反過來，再看32題，答案C的可能性最大，因為包含了這兩個因素。4、反義選項二選一2018年北京卷A篇A

month

before

the

marathon,

the

author____________.A.

was

well

trained B.

felt

scaredC.

made

up

his

mind

to

run D.

lost

hope分析：C“決心跑”就是還有希望，和D是“失去希望”，C和D是反義選項：二選一。根據(jù)“價值觀”的出題原則，C的可能性最大。4、反義選項二選一2014福建卷D篇Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.anofficialreportwillsettletheenergyproblemB.thetwopartiesaredividedovertheissueofwindfarmsC.thetwopartieshaveagreedonafurthernegotiationD.politicalbeliefsconcerningenergyissuegoagainstfactsB和C是反義選項，二選一，B：兩個政黨有分歧，C：兩個政黨達成一致5、答案均布規(guī)律【全國卷15道題】4+4+4+3操作：如最后統(tǒng)計選項的個數(shù)，如果某個選項≥6個或7個，肯定有答案錯了。6、答案相連概率①相鄰兩個答案完全相同的概率較低，即出現(xiàn)AA，BB，CC，DD。②相鄰三個答案完全相同的概率為0，即出現(xiàn)AAA，BBB，CCC，DDD。定位句找不到怎么辦？閱讀理解80%題目出題點一、80%題目出題點中心句轉折關系舉例關系敏感詞因果關系比較關系遞進關系特殊符號轉折關系：but,however等。敏感詞：最高級、序數(shù)詞等特殊符號：

破折號：兩個破折號，中間不用讀；一節(jié)破折號后面，80%出題點

冒號：后面有引號，沒有結論，不用讀；沒有引號，80%出題點

括號：括號里面，80%出題點。如何優(yōu)化自己讀文章的過程同時尋找80%出題點，和定位標志，看見就標記。讀完，如果有定位標志，定位為準。如果無定位標志，參考80%出題點。2017江蘇卷

Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensiveB.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirmsC.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingpositionD.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproductss80%出題點閱讀理解單詞不認識怎么辦？1、文中單詞不認識①動詞不認識：翻譯成“搞、整、弄、干”②名詞不認識：翻譯成“東西”③形容詞、副詞不認識：直接劃掉（這3個必須認識，否定詞hardly/rarely/seldom幾乎不）2、題干上或選項中的單詞不認識

利用檢查大法中的技巧蒙題；利用各種題型中排除法，如句子題中月亮技巧。PART3DREAMOFTHEFUTURE利用知識點導圖來解題高考真題12018北京卷PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

（第1段）Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow..........

（最后1段）Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceof

driverlessvehiclesdoesn't

extendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandsatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.答案1觀點態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對于未來無人駕駛的態(tài)度，屬于主旨推理題目?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)文章整體結構加以把握，包含文章題目"preparingcitiesforrobotcars"（為無人駕駛做好準備），文章第三段大量篇幅闡述無人駕駛的優(yōu)勢，以及文章末尾第二句"Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstates…"（即將到來的技術進度為城市和各個州帶來機會…）?？芍髡邔ξ磥硎帚裤?。故選B。高考真題22017全國二卷C篇【倒數(shù)第2段】Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovemmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.【倒數(shù)第1段】MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthosepilotsoflargerplanesTerrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindredativelyeasytomeet.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.答案2觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段"Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly."中的permit可知，政府對此持支持的態(tài)度故選B項。高考真題32018江蘇卷C篇Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn’ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,