2020年高考英語語法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練專題18-虛擬語氣

專題十八虛擬語氣重難點(diǎn)分析虛擬語氣是英語中一個(gè)較大的語法項(xiàng)目，高考語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)都曾經(jīng)設(shè)過考點(diǎn)，考生應(yīng)予以重視英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣、疑問語氣和感嘆語氣五類。虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不是表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。此外如需表達(dá)主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。、虛擬語氣在從句中的用法和構(gòu)成一覽表類別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式（be多用were，但在口語中，如果主語疋第/一人稱，be動(dòng)詞可用was）；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.如果他在這，他會(huì)幫我們的。與過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+過去分詞；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.如果我那時(shí)有空，我就會(huì)去拜訪你了。與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.如果明天下雨，我們就不去露營(yíng)了。其他狀語從句asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去兀成式Theyaretalkingwasiftheywere/hadbeenfriendsforyears.他們交談著，好像是多年的老朋友。evenif/though引導(dǎo)的從句，與現(xiàn)在/將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用過去式，主句動(dòng)詞用should/would+動(dòng)詞原形；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞，主句動(dòng)詞用should/would+have+過去分詞Evenifwefailed,wewouldn'tlosecourage.即使我們失敗了，我們也不會(huì)失去勇氣。賓語從句demand,require,advise,suggest,order,insist（堅(jiān)持要求）等表命令、建議、要求的動(dòng)詞后所接的賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形Hesuggestedthatwe(should)notchangeourmind.他建議我們不要改變主意。

wish后所接的賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞分別用過去式、過去兀成式和could/would+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反的假設(shè)IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.我布望我是一名流行歌手。主語從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat.等后所接的主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.很奇怪的是這樣一個(gè)人會(huì)成為我們的朋友。表語從句和同位語從句idea,advice,order,demand,request等表命令、建議、要求的名詞后所接的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Myadviceisthatyou(should)finishyourhomeworkfirst.我的建議是你首先應(yīng)該做完家庭作業(yè)。Theideathatyou(should)goisright.你走的建議是正確的。其他句型中Itis(high)timethat…句型中定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形(優(yōu)先使用過去式)Itishightimethatweleft.該是我們離開的時(shí)候了。wouldrather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或者過去兀成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在待在豕里。ifonly句型中動(dòng)詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!要是我們的夢(mèng)想成真該多好！二、其他要注意的事項(xiàng)虛擬語氣中出現(xiàn)be的過去式，在口語中，當(dāng)主語是第一、三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，可用was，但在if的倒裝句中只能用were。如：WereIyou,Iwouldapologizetoher.如果我是你的話，我就會(huì)去向她道歉。suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。如：Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.你蒼白的臉色表明你生病了。Heinsistedthathewasright.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的。(如insist表“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句則要用虛擬語氣)if虛擬語氣條件句中如有had,should,were，可省略if,并將這些詞提前引起倒裝。如：WereIyou,Iwouldremain.如果我是你，我會(huì)留下來。Hadyoutoldmeearlier,Iwouldn'thavemissedit.如果你早點(diǎn)告訴我，我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過它了?？捎脀ithout,butfor構(gòu)成的介詞短語代替虛擬語氣條件句。如：Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedtheexam.如果沒有你的幫助，我不會(huì)通過考試的。Withoutwater,therewouldbenolife.沒有水，就沒有生命。5.asif/though,evenif/though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以不用虛擬語氣，表示真實(shí)的情況。如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起來似乎要下雨了?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?！狪fhe(warn),he(nottake)thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit(break).Iwouldratherthey(nothear)ofthenews.Iwish(have)aroomofmywonwhenIwasachild.Butfortheteacher,I(notchange)myattitudetostudyyet.Withoutairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight(be)freezingcold,toocoldforustostay.IfIhadworkedharderatschool,I(sit)inacomfortableofficenow.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe(be)ill,andhercolleaguessuggestedthatshe(have)amedicalexamination.Iinsistedhe(go)toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing(be)wrongwithhim.Heasksthathe(give)anopportunitytoexplainwhyhehasrefusedtogothere.Itishightimewe(get)downtodiscussthisplan.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou(be)toobusy,Iwouldaskyoutohelpmedothisrightnow.Whodoyousuggest(send)toworkthere?Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI(notknow)thatyouwerewaitingforme.Ifit(rain)tomorrow,theoutingwouldbecancelled.Iftherewerenoair,people(die).Ifhe(study)harder,hemightpasstheexam.Ifhe(take)myadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Wewouldratheryou(go)heretomorrow.20.20.Itishightimethatyou(go)topickupyourdaughteratschool.plainplainn.平原inturn轉(zhuǎn)而二、語篇填空用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Ihavemanydreams.Ifthere1(be)notsomuchhomework,IwouldhavemoretimetodowhatIliketodo.HowIwishI2(listen)tomyfavoritemusicforanhouradayand3(play)tabletennisforanhourinthemorning.Itismydesirethatwe4(hold)eveningpartiesor5(organize)someinterestingactivitiesatweekend.Isuggestthatthere6(be)notsomanytests.Youcanimaginewhatlife7(will)beifI8(realize)mydream.ButImustfacttheexams.Withoutgoodmarks,I9(will)notentermyidealuniversity.Anyway,it'shightimethatI10(encourage)myselfandworkedhardfromnowon.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whatwillhappenificecapsmelt?Theleveloftheworld'soceanswillrise.1thisisnottherealproblem,theproblemisthatthesewhiteicecapsreflectsunlight,muchof2isreflectedbackintospace,inturn3(cool)earth,butwiththeicecapsmelting,4onlyreflectoristheocean,darkercolorabsorbssunlightcausingfurtherwarmingoftheearthwhichcanbeupto80°Cwhichisfatal(致命的)andcancause_5(extinct)ofalllivingorganisms.Ifalltheicemelted,northandsouthpole,Antarctica,Greenland,andall,sealevelswouldrise6175and225feet.?Coastalareaswouldessentiallydisappear,androughlyathirdoftheearth'sexistinglandmass(大陸)_7(flood).Itisestimatedthat60%oftheworld'spopulationlivesinthecoastalplains.Manyinlandareaswouldbeaffectedaswell,8watertables,rivers,andlakeswouldallrise_9theirpreviousheights.?Theanimalsthatliveinthecold(polarbears,penguinsandarcticfoxes)willbecomeendangered.Mostimportantofall,therearemanyother10(predict)badresultshumanmaybefacedwith.Areyouafraidofthatnow?助讀詞匯reflectorn.反射物reflectorn.反射物essentiallyadv.基本上absorbvt.吸收roughlyadv.粗略地beupto達(dá)至Ulivingorganism生物體northandsouthpole北極和南極coastalarea沿海地區(qū)Itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計(jì)......arcticfox北極狐參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空hadbeenwarned;wouldn'thavetaken2.werebroken3.hadn'theard4.hadhad5.wouldn'thavechanged6.wouldbe7.wouldbesitting8.was;(should)have9.(should)go;was10.(should)begive11.got12.are13.besent14.didn'tknow15.should/weretorain16.woulddie17.studied18.hadtaken19.went20.went二、語篇填空1.were2.listened3.played4.(should)hold5.(should)organize6.(should)be7.would8.realized/shouldrealize/weretorealize9.would10.encouraged三、語法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的話，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？But根據(jù)上文和空后的thisisnotthere