2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練專題18-虛擬語氣

專題十八虛擬語氣重難點分析虛擬語氣是英語中一個較大的語法項目，高考語法填空和短文改錯都曾經(jīng)設(shè)過考點，考生應(yīng)予以重視英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣、疑問語氣和感嘆語氣五類。虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不是表示客觀存在的事實。此外如需表達(dá)主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈的感情時，也可用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。、虛擬語氣在從句中的用法和構(gòu)成一覽表類別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞：過去式（be多用were，但在口語中，如果主語疋第/一人稱，be動詞可用was）；主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.如果他在這，他會幫我們的。與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+過去分詞；主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.如果我那時有空，我就會去拜訪你了。與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+不定式；主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.如果明天下雨，我們就不去露營了。其他狀語從句asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去兀成式Theyaretalkingwasiftheywere/hadbeenfriendsforyears.他們交談著，好像是多年的老朋友。evenif/though引導(dǎo)的從句，與現(xiàn)在/將來事實相反時，從句動詞用過去式，主句動詞用should/would+動詞原形；與過去事實相反時，從句動詞用had+過去分詞，主句動詞用should/would+have+過去分詞Evenifwefailed,wewouldn'tlosecourage.即使我們失敗了，我們也不會失去勇氣。賓語從句demand,require,advise,suggest,order,insist（堅持要求）等表命令、建議、要求的動詞后所接的賓語從句中的動詞用（should）+動詞原形Hesuggestedthatwe(should)notchangeourmind.他建議我們不要改變主意。

wish后所接的賓語從句中的謂語動詞分別用過去式、過去兀成式和could/would+動詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反的假設(shè)IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.我布望我是一名流行歌手。主語從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat.等后所接的主語從句中，謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.很奇怪的是這樣一個人會成為我們的朋友。表語從句和同位語從句idea,advice,order,demand,request等表命令、建議、要求的名詞后所接的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形Myadviceisthatyou(should)finishyourhomeworkfirst.我的建議是你首先應(yīng)該做完家庭作業(yè)。Theideathatyou(should)goisright.你走的建議是正確的。其他句型中Itis(high)timethat…句型中定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形(優(yōu)先使用過去式)Itishightimethatweleft.該是我們離開的時候了。wouldrather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去兀成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在待在豕里。ifonly句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!要是我們的夢想成真該多好！二、其他要注意的事項虛擬語氣中出現(xiàn)be的過去式，在口語中，當(dāng)主語是第一、三人稱單數(shù)時，可用was，但在if的倒裝句中只能用were。如：WereIyou,Iwouldapologizetoher.如果我是你的話，我就會去向她道歉。suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“堅持認(rèn)為”時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。如：Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.你蒼白的臉色表明你生病了。Heinsistedthathewasright.他堅持認(rèn)為他是對的。(如insist表“堅持要求”時，其后的賓語從句則要用虛擬語氣)if虛擬語氣條件句中如有had,should,were，可省略if,并將這些詞提前引起倒裝。如：WereIyou,Iwouldremain.如果我是你，我會留下來。Hadyoutoldmeearlier,Iwouldn'thavemissedit.如果你早點告訴我，我就不會錯過它了。可用without,butfor構(gòu)成的介詞短語代替虛擬語氣條件句。如：Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedtheexam.如果沒有你的幫助，我不會通過考試的。Withoutwater,therewouldbenolife.沒有水，就沒有生命。5.asif/though,evenif/though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以不用虛擬語氣，表示真實的情況。如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起來似乎要下雨了?？键c練透一、單句填空用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?！狪fhe(warn),he(nottake)thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit(break).Iwouldratherthey(nothear)ofthenews.Iwish(have)aroomofmywonwhenIwasachild.Butfortheteacher,I(notchange)myattitudetostudyyet.Withoutairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight(be)freezingcold,toocoldforustostay.IfIhadworkedharderatschool,I(sit)inacomfortableofficenow.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe(be)ill,andhercolleaguessuggestedthatshe(have)amedicalexamination.Iinsistedhe(go)toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing(be)wrongwithhim.Heasksthathe(give)anopportunitytoexplainwhyhehasrefusedtogothere.Itishightimewe(get)downtodiscussthisplan.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou(be)toobusy,Iwouldaskyoutohelpmedothisrightnow.Whodoyousuggest(send)toworkthere?Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI(notknow)thatyouwerewaitingforme.Ifit(rain)tomorrow,theoutingwouldbecancelled.Iftherewerenoair,people(die).Ifhe(study)harder,hemightpasstheexam.Ifhe(take)myadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Wewouldratheryou(go)heretomorrow.20.20.Itishightimethatyou(go)topickupyourdaughteratschool.plainplainn.平原inturn轉(zhuǎn)而二、語篇填空用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Ihavemanydreams.Ifthere1(be)notsomuchhomework,IwouldhavemoretimetodowhatIliketodo.HowIwishI2(listen)tomyfavoritemusicforanhouradayand3(play)tabletennisforanhourinthemorning.Itismydesirethatwe4(hold)eveningpartiesor5(organize)someinterestingactivitiesatweekend.Isuggestthatthere6(be)notsomanytests.Youcanimaginewhatlife7(will)beifI8(realize)mydream.ButImustfacttheexams.Withoutgoodmarks,I9(will)notentermyidealuniversity.Anyway,it'shightimethatI10(encourage)myselfandworkedhardfromnowon.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whatwillhappenificecapsmelt?Theleveloftheworld'soceanswillrise.1thisisnottherealproblem,theproblemisthatthesewhiteicecapsreflectsunlight,muchof2isreflectedbackintospace,inturn3(cool)earth,butwiththeicecapsmelting,4onlyreflectoristheocean,darkercolorabsorbssunlightcausingfurtherwarmingoftheearthwhichcanbeupto80°Cwhichisfatal(致命的)andcancause_5(extinct)ofalllivingorganisms.Ifalltheicemelted,northandsouthpole,Antarctica,Greenland,andall,sealevelswouldrise6175and225feet.?Coastalareaswouldessentiallydisappear,androughlyathirdoftheearth'sexistinglandmass(大陸)_7(flood).Itisestimatedthat60%oftheworld'spopulationlivesinthecoastalplains.Manyinlandareaswouldbeaffectedaswell,8watertables,rivers,andlakeswouldallrise_9theirpreviousheights.?Theanimalsthatliveinthecold(polarbears,penguinsandarcticfoxes)willbecomeendangered.Mostimportantofall,therearemanyother10(predict)badresultshumanmaybefacedwith.Areyouafraidofthatnow?助讀詞匯reflectorn.反射物reflectorn.反射物essentiallyadv.基本上absorbvt.吸收roughlyadv.粗略地beupto達(dá)至Ulivingorganism生物體northandsouthpole北極和南極coastalarea沿海地區(qū)Itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計......arcticfox北極狐參考答案考點練透一、單句填空hadbeenwarned;wouldn'thavetaken2.werebroken3.hadn'theard4.hadhad5.wouldn'thavechanged6.wouldbe7.wouldbesitting8.was;(should)have9.(should)go;was10.(should)begive11.got12.are13.besent14.didn'tknow15.should/weretorain16.woulddie17.studied18.hadtaken19.went20.went二、語篇填空1.were2.listened3.played4.(should)hold5.(should)organize6.(should)be7.would8.realized/shouldrealize/weretorealize9.would10.encouraged三、語法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的話，會發(fā)生什么？But根據(jù)上文和空后的thisisnotthere