AppDirector負載均衡器培訓資料

Page1RadwareAppDirector

負載均衡器培訓

2007-08Page2RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置雙機配置典型組網AgendaPage3RadwareAppDirector產品介紹AD-AppDirectorAD100/200/202

8FastEthernetports2FiberSCGBports200Mbpsthroughput

266MHzRISCProcessor256MBRAMPage4AD1000

16FEand5GBICports1000Mbpsthroughput

500MHzRISCProcessor256MBRAMPage5AD3020

12CopperGBEthernetports8GBICports3000Mbpsthroughput

512MBRAMPage6AD6000

8CopperGBEthernetports7GBICports2TenGBport6000Mbpsthroughput

1GBRAMPage7內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page8終端配置Page9初始化菜單Page10默認配置Page11內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page12Web管理登陸默認用戶名：radware默認密碼：radwarePage13全局界面Page14內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network

3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page15VLANConfigurationDevice>VLANtableSteps：AddVLANAddPortstoVLANPage16VLANConfigurationAddorDeletePortstoVLANAddorDeleteVLANPage17VLANParametersTypeProtocolSave!!!10000XPage18VLANParameters

RegularVLAN

IPProtocol:必須分配IP地址。VALN端口之間所有流量經過CPU處理，做負載均衡或交換。

OtherProtocol:無IP地址。傳輸非IP流量。

SwitchVLAN

SwitchedVLAN

Protocol:無IP地址，不做負載均衡處理。

IPProtocol:必須分配IP地址。目標MAC地址為AppDirectorVLAN的流量經過CPU處理，做負載均衡，其它流量直接基于L2傳輸。OtherProtocol:無IP地址。傳輸非IP流量。Page19DeleteVLAN2.Delete1.CheckPage20PortsChooseVALNChoosePortPage21內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page22AssignIPAddressPortsorVLANnumber

Router>IPRouter>InterfaceParameters>CreatePage23EditIPAddressClicktoEdit

Router>IPRouter>InterfaceParametersPage24內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page25AddRouteDefaultGateway:Dest.Address>NetworkMask>

Router>RoutingTable>CreatePage26EditRoutingTable

Router>RoutingTableClicktoEditPage27內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page28AServerFarmisacollectionofidenticalserversrunningthesameapplication–web,mail,DNS,FTP,etc.AServerFarmisrepresentedbyaVIP–VirtualIPAddressTheAppDirectoronlyloadbalancestrafficthatreachesaFarmTerminology–ServerFarmPage29AppDirectorVIPServerFarmClientsServerFarmBasicsPage30Client=0VIP(00)Client–Server10Server21Server32Client’sRequest

SourceIP=

Destination=VIP–00:80LoadBalancingDecision

AppDirectortoServer

SourceIP=

Destination=0:8080ServertoClient

SourceIP=0

Destination=AppDirectortoClient

SourceIP=VIP–00

Destination=VIPTheVirtualIP-VIPPage31FarmParameters

AppDirector>Farms>FarmTable>CreatePage32FarmParameters

AppDirector>Farms>FarmTable>CreatePage33VIPServer1Server2AppDirectorAppDirectorDispatchMethods

?Cyclic(RoundRobin)?WeightedCyclic(usesRoundRobinbutappliesstaticweightsassignedtoservers)?LeastTraffic(inpackets)?LeastNumberofUsers?NTSNMPParameters?User-ConfigurableSNMPParameters?Hashing?ResponseTimeLoadBalancingPage34AgingTimeandRedundancy

AgingTimeClientTable中的Session保持時間

RedundancyMode

Primary：主用AppDirector

Backup：備用AppDirectorPage35ConnectivityChecksdeterminewhetheraserverinafarmisavailableforclienttrafficEachfarmcanhaveadifferentConnectivityCheckconfigured,butallserversinthatfarmmustbecapableofrespondingthesamewaytotheAppDirectorchecksIfaserverfailstorespondtoconsecutivechecks,theAppDirectorwillremoveitfromthefarmasacandidateforclienttrafficTheAppDirectorwillcontinuetoperformcheckstothefailedserverinordertobringitbackintothefarmwhenitrecoversConnectivityChecksPage36Server1Server2AppDirectorConnectivityChecks:PingTCPorUDPPortHTTPPagePageContentRadiusRTSPPingPingAppDirectorConnectivityChecks

Page37Server1Server2AppDirectorCode200PageFoundPage.htm?Page.htm?Code404PageNotFoundHTTPPageCheck

Page38FarmAddressClientAddressServerAddressSourcePortDestinationPortServerPortAttachedTime2010628080234110618080332410792121643EnsuresClient-to-ServerPersistenceClientTableSessionmodePage39Server1Server2Server3FarmClientServerSrcPortVIPAS1XXXXVIPBS3YYYYVIPCS2ZZZZRegularSessionModePage40Server1Server2Server3FarmClientServerSrcPortVIPAS1XXXXVIPAS1XXXYVIPAS1XXXZSourcePort=XXXXSourcePort=XXXYSourcePort=XXXZEntryPerSessionModePage41Server1Server2Server3FarmClientServerSrcPortVIPAS1XXXXVIPAS3XXXYVIPAS2XXXZSourcePort=XXXXSourcePort=XXXYSourcePort=XXXZServerPerSessionModePage42內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page43ServerMaintenance

AppDirector>Servers>ApplicationServers>Table>CreatePage44ServerMaintenance

AppDirector>Servers>ApplicationServers>Table>CreatePage45AppDirectorhasseveralsettingswhichallowadministratorstocontroltraffictoeachserverinafarm:AdminStatus(Enable,Disable,Shutdown)WeightsOperationalMode(ActiveorBackup)ConnectionLimitsServerMaintenance

Page46ServerWeightsallowadministratorstotakeintoaccountequipmentthathasgreater(orlesser)capacitythanotherserversinthesamefarm.AppDirectorWeight=1Weight=1Weight=5ServerManagement-Weights

Page47ActiveandBackupServersettingsallowadministratorstohaveserversinafarmthatwon’tbeusedunlessallotherserversbecomeunavailable.AppDirectorActive1Active2BackupServerManagement–OperationalModePage48ServerManagement–OperationalModeSpecificBackupServerscanalsobebroughtonlineifaparticularActiveServerfails.AppDirectorActive1Active2Backup1Backup2Page49GracefulShutdownofServers–existingusersconnectedtoasingleserverareallowedtotime-outnaturally.Allowsforplannedmaintenanceortroubleshootingofservers.CurrentUsersConnectedtoServer#3RadwareTrap–NomoreusersonServer#3Server#3cannowbetakendownwithoutdisconnectinganyusersServerManagement-Shutdown

Page50ServerManagement–WarmUpGracefulRamp-up–AllowsforgradualincreaseintraffictoserverovertimeRadwareServer1UsersServer2UsersServer3UsersPage51內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page52L4PoliciesLayer4Policies–farmselectionbasedonnetworklevelparametersFarm–agroupofserversthatprovideaserviceLayer7Policies–farmselectionbasedonapplicationlevelparametersVirtualIPaddressPage53ClassificationcriteriaVirtualIP:VIPusedforclassificationofincomingtrafficL4Protocol:TCP/UDP/ICMP/Other/AnyL4Port:TCPorUDPdestportClientAddressRangeFrom/ToActionconfigurationFarmNameL7PolicyNameApplication:Defineshowtotreattheclassifiedpackets,forexample:port8081isHTTP,port444isSSL,etcRedundancyStatus:ActiveorBackupSomeLayer4PolicyParametersPage54TheAppDirectorloadbalancestrafficbetweenfarmsbasedonseveralcriteria:FTPWWWDNSLayer4InformationLayer7InformationEnglishSpanishFrenchL4PolicyPage55FTPWWWDNSVIPDestinationIP=VIPDestinationport=53DestinationIP=SelectedserverDestinationport=53DestinationIP=VIPDestinationport=21DestinationIP=SelectedserverDestinationport=21Layer4PolicyPage56AppDirectorloadbalancestrafficbasedonlayer7informationusingthefollowingmethods:URLsHTTPheaderinformationFiletypeBrowserTypeCookie(staticordynamic)RegularExpressionwithintheHTTPHeaderLayer7PolicyPage57GBBVIPDestinationIP=VIPDestinationURL=DestinationIP=SelectedserverDestinationIP=VIPDestinationURL=DestinationIP=SelectedserverLayer7–URLPolicyPage58HTTPHeaderFields:Layer7LoadBalancingPage59Layer7Policies(AppDirector8.0andlater)allowforcombinationsofdecision-makingfactorswhenconfiguringaSuperFarmURL+HeaderInformationURL+FiletypeEtc.Layer7PoliciesPage60(English)SuperFarm00(Spanish)(English)(Spanish)(Spanish)(English)(English)(Spanish)URL–Accept-Language:es*URL–Accept-Language:es*URL–Accept-Language:en*URL–Accept-Language:en*Layer7Policies

Page61Layer7PoliciesTheunderlyinglogicofLayer7Policiesisbasedonthefollowingcomponents:Methods–thesedefinewheretolookinaclient’srequestandwhattolookforbasedonthetype(Header,URL,RegularExpression,etc.)PolicyEntries–thesedefinewhattodowithaclient’srequestthatmatchesoneormorepolicies(i.e.whatfarmtosenditto)Page62Layer7PoliciesDelayedBindingSynSyn/AckAckGetHTTP://OrUserAgent:MozillaOrAccept-Language:esTypicalClient-ServerExchangePage63Layer7PoliciesEnglishSpanishSyn?InitialClientconnectiondoesnotcontainenoughinformationtomakeaLayer7decision.DelayedBindingPage64Layer7PoliciesEnglishSpanishSynSyn/AckAckGetHTTP://Accept-Language:esHTTPHeaderLanguage=SpanishSynSyn/AckAckDelayedBindingPage65PersistenceL3ClientIPbasedpersistencyRegularSessionModeL4ClientIPandportEntryPerSessionServerPerSessionDispatchMethodisHashingL7DelaybindingisneededCookiepersistenceSSLIDHTTPSessionID:StaticIDDynamicIDPage66WEB4WEB4WEB1WEB2WEB3WEB3WEB2WEB1SessionIDPersistencePage67TextMatchSessionIDPersistency

Page68SessionIDPersistencyTableIfusingDynamicSessionIDPersistency,Thistableisenough.Page69StaticSessionIDPersistencyTableIfusingStaticSessionIDPersistency,YouneedsettingbothSessionIDPersistencytableandStaticSessionIDPersistency.SessionIDPersistencytableandStaticSessionIDPersistencyarecombined.AppdwilluseSessionIDPersistencytable’ssettingtochecktheSessionIDvalueinStaticSessionIDPersistency.The‘SessionIDValue’lengthmustbeequalto‘ValueMaxlength’.Forexample,AppDwillcheck‘BF0888’withoffset=10,identifier=JSESSIONIDincookiefield.Page70L4PolicyConfiguration

AppDirector>Layer4FarmSelection>Layer4PolicyTable>CreatePage71L4PolicyConfiguration

AppDirector>Layer4FarmSelection>Layer4PolicyTable>CreatePage72L4PolicyConfigurationSteps

L4PolicyDefineIPAddressSelectProtocolDefinePort(TCP/UDP)DefineL4PolicynameSelectFarm

L7PolicyDefineL7MethodsAppDirector>L7FarmSelection>MethodsDefineL7PoliciesAppDirector>L7FarmSelection>PolicyDefineIPaddressSelectPolicySelectFarmPage73內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置

1,AppDirector-配置-初始化

2,AppDirector-配置-Network3,AppDirector-配置-Vlan4,AppDirector-配置-Interface5,AppDirector-配置-Route6,AppDirector-配置-Farm7,AppDirector-配置-Server8,AppDirector-配置-L4Policy

9,AppDirector-配置-Nat雙機配置典型組網Page74012VIP–00SourceIP0SourceIP0ServerNATisDisabledPage75012VIP–00SourceIP0SourceIP00ServerNATisEnabledPage76ServerNATConfiguration

AppDirector>NAT>ServerNAT>GlobalParameters>使用Server隸屬的FarmIP或SuperfarmIP列表中選擇>所有服務器都使用該IP必須EnablePage77Server1Server2Server3ClientIP=VIPSource=Destination=VIPSource=Destination=Server3Server“sees”Client’sActualSourceIPClientNATDisabledPage78ClientNATEnabledServer1Server2Server3ClientIP=VIPSource=Destination=VIPSource=AppDirectorNATIPDestination=Server3Server“sees”anaddressfromAppDirectorNATPage79WebServer1WebServer2AppServer1ClientWebVIPWebFarmAppServer2AppFarmAppVIPClientAccesstoWebServersWeb2isa“client”toAppFarmApp1respondsdirectlytoWeb2?ClientNATUse-ProblemPage80WebServer1WebServer2AppServer1ClientWebVIPWebFarmAppServer2AppFarmAppVIPClientAccesstoWebServersWeb2isa“client”toAppFarmApp1“sees”NATaddressfromAppDirectorNATClientNATUse-Solution

Page81ClientNATConfiguration-Tuning

Services>Tuning>Device>0

檢查內存重新啟動設備Page82ClientNATConfiguration-Global

AppDirector>NAT>ClientNAT>GlobalParameters定義被NAT的用戶范圍必須Enable定義NAT后的地址范圍Page83ClientNATConfiguration-Intercept

AppDirector>NAT>ClientNAT>InterceptTablePage84ClientNATConfiguration-NAT

AppDirector>NAT>ClientNAT>NATTablePage85ClientNATConfiguration–Farm

AppDirector>Farm>AdditionalParametersTablePage86ClientNATConfiguration-Server

AppDirector>Server>ApplicationServerstableFarm內的每臺服務器：設置為EnablePage87內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安裝與基本配置雙機配置典型組網Page88Radwaredevicesshouldbeemployedinpairsforfault-toleranceandfail-overTwomethodsavailableforredundancy:Proprietary(usingARP)VRRP(RFC:2338VirtualRouterRedundancyProtocol)RedundancyPage89PairsofAppDirectorscanoperateinActive/ActiveConfigurationRadwareDeviceARadwareDeviceBServerFarmAServerFarmBFarmATrafficFarmBTrafficFarmAandBTrafficRedundancyActive-ActivePage90ProprietaryRedundancyusesARPActiveAppDirectorBackupAppDirectorServerFarmARP?ARP?Redundancy-ProprietaryPage91ProprietaryRedundancyusesARPActiveAppDirectorBackupAppDirectorServerFarmARP?ARP?ARPBroadcast!!NewMACforActiveAppDirectorAddressesARPBroadcast!!NewMACforActiveAppDirectorAddressesRedundancy-ProprietaryPage92AVR(VirtualRouter)islikeavirtualMACaddressOnedeviceisMasterandtheotherisBackupforagivenVRIPaddressesare“associated”withaVR-interfaces,VIPaddresses,etc.IftheMasterdevicestopsadvertisingitspresence,theBackupdevicewillassumecontroloftheVRandtheIPaddressesassociatedwithitRedundancy-VRRPPage93Redundancy-VRRPVirtualRouter(MAC)RedundancyProtocol–VirtualRoutersActiveAppDirectorBackupAppDirectorServerFarmVRID1VRID2MasterBackupVRRPAdvertisementsAssociatedIPs:00AssociatedIPs:Page94Redundancy-VRRPVirtualRouter(MAC)RedundancyProtocol–VirtualRoutersActiveAppDirectorBackupAppDirectorServerFarmVRID1VRID2MasterBackupVRRPAdvertisementsAssociatedIPs:00AssociatedIPs:MasterPage95VRRPConfigurationSteps

VRRPGlobalVRRPVirtualRouteadd(down)AssociateIPtoVRRProuterIDVRRPVirtualRouteSettoUPPage96VRRPConfiguration-Global

AppDirector>Redundancy>GlobalConfigurationVRRP：主/備

Enable：主Disable：備

Page97VRRPConfiguration-VRID

AppDirector>Redundancy>VRRP>VirtualRouter>Create端口：主/備主：255備：<

255

主/備相同主：自身端口IP備：自身端口IPPage98VRRPConfiguration–AssociatedIP

AppDirector>Redundancy>VRRP>AssociatedIP>Create端口：主/備主/備相同主設備端口FarmIPL4PolicyIPVirtualDNSClientNATPage99VRRPConfiguration–VRIDActivity

AppDirector>Redundancy>VRRP>VirtualRouter選擇UPPage100內容RADWAREAppDirector產品介紹AppDirector初始化安