動詞不定式主動表被動的情況

動詞不定式主動表被動的情況：動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，它有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，有主動和被動之分。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語為不定式所表示動作的承受者時(shí)，通常需用不定式的被動形式。如：Heaskedtobesenttothefront.（他請求被派往前線。）但是，在下列情況下，常用不定式的主動形式來表示被動的含義：.在“形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作表語、賓補(bǔ)和定語時(shí)，其中形容詞多為表示性質(zhì)的詞，如：easy,hard,good,difficult,interesting等。如：Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)報(bào)告很難懂。Heisamaneasytogetonwith.他是一個(gè)容易相處的人。.在too...to...或enough...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:Theboxistooheavytomove.move.這個(gè)箱子太重，搬不動。Thebookischeapenoughtobuy.這本書很便宜可以買。.在“疑問代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Idon'tknowwhattodonext.我不知道下一步該做什么。Shewilltellyouwhichbustotake.她會告訴你坐哪路公共汽車。.在不定式作定語，與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，而與句中的另一名詞或代詞之間有主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。如:Ihaveameetingtoattendtoday,今天我有個(gè)會議要參加。Hegavemesomebookstoread.他給了我一些書看。注意：(1)用作定語的不定式為“動詞+介詞”是介詞不能省略。Canyougivemeapieceofpapertowriteon.(2)但如果沒有這種主謂關(guān)系，則需要用不定式的被動形式。如：I'mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourparents下周我要去北京，你有什么東西(讓我)捎給你父母嗎【拓展】常用句型1)have(give,show)sth.todoHaveyouanythingtodothisafternoon今天下午你有事要做嗎Pleasegetmesomethingtoread.請給我弄點(diǎn)讀的材料。)It(This,That)+be+a/an+adj.+n.+todoItisaneasysentencetotranslate.這個(gè)句子很容易翻譯。.在下列句型中，tolet,toblame,toseek等用不定形式表示被動含義。如：Thehouseistolet.這棟房子要出租。Whoistoblameforit這得怪誰Thereasonisnotfartoseek.理由不難找到。.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來修飾主語的不定式可以用被動形式，也可以用主動形式，在口語中用主動形式的時(shí)候更多一些。如:Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).時(shí)間緊迫,不能耽誤了。Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome(tobeovercome).還有許多困難要克服。但有時(shí)候用主動和被動可分別表示不同的意思。試比較：Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodo.)我們現(xiàn)在沒事干。Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)現(xiàn)在沒有什么辦法了。Thereisnothingtosee.(nothingworthseeing)沒有東西值得看。Thereisnothingtobeseen.(nothingthereatall)看不見什么東西。7.在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中用主動形式表被動Withalotofdifficultproblemtosettle,themanagerwillhaveahardtime.練習(xí)：選擇填空。練習(xí)：選擇填空。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletoa.sitb.sitonc.besatd.besatonI'mhungry.Getmesomething.a.eatb.toeatc.tobeeatd.foreatingItisdifficultforaforeigner Chinese.a.writeb.towritec.tobewrittend.writtenIhavenomoreletters ,thankyou.a.totypeb.typingc.tobetypedd.typed5.Thecarisratherdifficulta.torepairb.toberepairedc.repairingd.beingrepaired獨(dú)立動詞不定式:有些動詞不定式常用來表示說話人呢對所談內(nèi)容所持的態(tài)度或看法Tobehonest說實(shí)話Totellyouthetruth說實(shí)話一..Identifyitsfunction（說明下列不定式的用法）.Itisgoodtohelpothers.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.二.不定式填空I hope (invite)totheparty.theydon’tallowthesebooks (take)outofthereading-room.hepretended (read)thebookbefore.wehadnochoicebut (do)whatwewereasked.beforeheletus (go)hemade us (promise). (not tell)anyonewhatwehadseen.6. Iexpect(finish)theworkbytheendofnextmonth.7.theydidalltheycould (save)thechild.8.why(notreport)tothepolicewhentheaccidenthappens9.Ihavesomethingimportant (tell)you.三.改錯(cuò)1.Isawhimtofalloffthebikejustnow.2.Iwouldratherwalktothecinemathantotakeataxi.3.Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthantogooutforawalk.WhynottotrytakingaboattogothereIcoulddonothingbuttowaitthere.You’dbettertolosesomeweight.Ifshecomeshere,Iwillletyoutoknow.Iheardhimtosingjustnow.非謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

動詞不定式分現(xiàn)在分詞主動被動主動被動一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式非謂語動詞的句法功能壬語賓語表語定語狀語*補(bǔ)不